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5-2
Hole 575B
5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6
Equatorial Pacific sedimentscan be considered an indicatorof global paleoenvironmentalchange. An increase in theproduction of North AtlanticDeep Water results in anincrease in the production ofAntarctic Bottom Water, whichresults in a major change inthe style of pelagic sedimenta-tion (carbonate, silica) in theequatorial Pacific. The changeis reflected in the seismicrecord, core lithology, sedi-mentation rate, and sedimentcalcium carbonate content atSite 575.
αQ
50-
100-
150-
2 0 0 -
Age (Ma)
8 12 16 20
CaCO~ (%)
60 80 100
2 0 -
Initial Reportsof the
Deep Sea Drilling Project
A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)
VOLUME LXXXVcovering Leg 85 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger
Los Angeles, California, to Honolulu, HawaiiMarch-April 1982
PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS
Larry Mayer, Fritz Theyer, John A. Barron, Dean A. Dunn,Tim Handyside, Scott Hills, Ian Jarvis, Catherine A. Nigrini,
Nicklas C. Pisias, Annick Pujos, Tsunemasa Saito, Paul Stout,
Ellen Thomas, Norbert Weinreich, and Roy H. Wilkens
SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE
Ellen Thomas
EDITOR
Marian G. Bailey
Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482
By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project
This material is based upon research supported by the NationalScience Foundation under Contract No. C-482.
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of thisvolume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:
Mayer, L., Theyer, R, et al., 19 Init. Repts. DSDP, 85: Washing-ton (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).
Miller, K. G., and Thomas, E., 19 Late Eocene to Oligocenebenthic foraminiferal isotopic record, Site 574, equatorial Pacif-ic. In Mayer, L., Theyer,E, et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 85: Wash-ington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), -
Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and in-dividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.
Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:
Volume 76—November, 1983Volume 77—September, 1984Volume 78A.B—August, 1984Volume 79—November, 1984Volume 80—March, 1985Volume 81—January, 1985
Printed October 1985
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402
Stock Number 038-000-00558-8IV
The world's first major oceanographic expe-dition took place between 1872 and 1876. Thisexpedition, aboard the H.M.S. Challenger cov-ering nearly 70,000 nautical miles and gatheringoceanographic data from 362 stations, expand-ed our knowledge of the ocean and provided asolid foundation for future studies in marine geo-logy. A century later, another vessel also namedChallenger continued to expand our knowledgeof the world's ocean and helped revolutionize ourconcepts of how the seafloor and the continentsform and change. The drilling vessel GlomarChallenger sailed the same waters as its historiccounterpart, seeking answers to new questionsconcerning the history of our planet and the lifeit supports. The continued advancement of
FθT*PWOT*(i knowledge about the fundamental processes anddynamics of the earth is leading to a greater un-derstanding of our planet and more intelligentuse of its resources.
Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP) has been supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation, primarily through a contractwith the University of California which, in turn,subcontracted to Global Marine Incorporated forthe services of the D/V Glomar Challenger.
Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci-ence Foundation supported the scientific adviso-ry structure for the project and funded predrill-ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planningwas conducted under the auspices of the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory groupconsisted of over 250 members who made up 24committees, panels, and working groups. Themembers were distinguished scientists from ac-ademic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry all over the world.
In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. The IPOD member na-tions, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Uni-ted Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France, partial-ly supported the project. Each member nationactively participated in the scientific planning ofthe project through membership in JOIDES. Sci-entists from these countries also took part in thefield work aboard the D/V Glomar Challengerand postcruise scientific studies.
The first ocean coring operations for the DeepSea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968.During the ensuing years of drilling operationsin the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, theGulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec-tives that had been proposed were successfullyaccomplished. Primarily, the age of the ocean ba-sins and their processes of development were de-termined. The validity of the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading was firmly demonstrated and itsdynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broadreconnaissance and testing the involvement ofmid-oceanic ridge systems in the development ofthe ocean basin. Later legs of the Challengersvoyages concentrated on the nature of the oce-anic crust, the sedimentary history of the pas-sive ocean margins, sediment dynamics along ac-tive ocean margins, and other areas of interest.The accumulated results of this project have ledto major new interpretations of the pattern ofsedimentation and the physical and chemical cha-racteristics of the ancient oceans.
Technological advances have provided newtools which in turn have opened new dimensionsof scientific discovery. The introduction of theHydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 permitted virtu-ally undisturbed cores of soft sediment layers tobe obtained. This technological advance hasgreatly enhanced the ability of scientists to studyancient ocean environments, as recorded by sed-iment characteristics and flora and fauna pre-served in these deposits.
A second major advance has been the use ofthe hole after drilling. The project routinely log-
ged holes and performed geophysical and geo-chemical studies before, during, and after drill-ing. Long-term downhole geophysical seismicmonitoring devices have been implanted success-fully in DSDP holes. These new listening devicesand geophysical studies have provided valuableinformation about the origin and nature of thedynamic processes of plate tectonics.
These reports contain the results of the initialstudies of the recovered core material and the as-sociated geophysical information. All the workTspeople benefit either directly or indirectly fromthis fundamental research. Knowledge about pastand present conditions and processes are thefoundations for future predictions and develop-ments. Both short- and long-term benefits are ob-tained by advances in drilling technology and in-strumentation. Information is being obtainedabout the origin and geographic distribution ofnatural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challeng-er had a profound impact on scientific thoughtfor over a century, this second Challenger expe-dition has given a greater understanding of theoceans and the processes that form and shape theearth.
Erich Bloch,Director
Washington, D.C.
VI
Recognizing the need in the oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics formed, in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at San
I P l * O 1 3 - C θ Diego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of thesedimentary drilling program. It was the pur-pose of this group to foster programs to in-vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath thedeep oceans by drilling and coring. Themembership of this original group was laterenlarged in 1968 when the University ofWashington became a member, and again in1975 when University of Hawaii Institute ofGeophysics, the Oregon State UniversitySchool of Oceanography, the University ofRhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra-phy, and Texas A&M University Department ofOceanography became members. In accordancewith international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, theBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany,the Centre National pour 1'Exploitation desOceans of France, the Natural EnvironmentResearch Council of the United Kingdom, theUniversity of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy ofSciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.
Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, ColumbiaUniversity's Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory operated a drilling program in thesummer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau regionoff Jacksonville, Florida.
vn
With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.
The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.
Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.
Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.
A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.
Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-
ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.
The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.
The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.
In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.
The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.
vπi
Deep SeaDrilling Project
MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEPEARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany
University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans, Paris
Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory
University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics
University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science
Natural Environment Research Council, London
Oregon State University, School of Oceanography
University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography
Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography
University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute
University of Washington, Department ofOceanography
U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
' Includes member organizations during time of cruise.This institution and its committees and panel members were noncontribut-ing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.
OPERATING INSTITUTION:
Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director
DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT
Dr. M. N. A. PetersonPrincipal InvestigatorProject Manager
Mr. Robert S. BowerAssistant Project Manager forAdministration and Contracts
Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist
Mr. Ed DeanFinance Administrator
Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer
IX
Participants aboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg" Eighty-five
Dr. Larry MayerCo-Chief Scientist
School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandKingston, Rhode Island 02881
Dr. Fritz TheyerCo-Chief Scientist
Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of HawaiiHonolulu, Hawaii 96822
Dr. John A. BarronPaleontologist (diatoms)
Branch of Paleontology and StratigraphyUS. Geological SurveyMenlo Park, California 94025
Dr. Dean A. DunnSedimentologist
Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansett, Rhode Island 02882
Dr. Tim HandysideOrganic Geochemist
Department of GeologyThe UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom
Mr. Scott HillsSedimentologist
Graduate DepartmentScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Dr. Ian JarvisSedimentologist
Department of GeologyCity of London PolytechnicLondon E1-2NG, United Kingdom
Dr. Catherine A. NigriniPaleontologist (radiolarians)
510 Papyrus DriveLa Habra Heights, California 90631
Dr. Nicklas G. PisiasSedimentologist
School of OceanographyOregon State UniversityCorvallis, Oregon 97331
Dr. Annick PujosPaleontologist (nannofossils)
Département de Geologie et OcéanographieUniversité de Bordeaux I33405 Talence, France
Dr. Tsunemasa SaitoPaleontologist (foraminifers)
Department of GeologyYamagata UniversityFaculty of ScienceYamagata 990, Japan
Mr. Paul StoutSedimentologist
Graduate DepartmentScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Dr. Ellen ThomasPaleontologist (foraminifers)/Staff
Science RepresentativeDeep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Dr. Norbert WeinreichPaleomagnetist
Institut für GeophysikRuhr-Universitàt BochumD-4630 BochumFederal Republic of Germany
Dr. Roy H. WilkensPhysical Properties Specialist
Department of Earth andPlanetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge, Massachusetts 02139
XI
Mr. Stan SerockiCruise Operations Manager
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Captain Loyd E. DillMaster of the Drilling Vessel
Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111
Mr. A. C. Wheeler, Jr.Drilling Superintendent
Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111
Mr. Burnette W. HamlinLaboratory Officer
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. David AllardCuratorial Representative
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institute of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Kenneth A. ThompsonChemist
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Paul L. LaughlinElectronics Technician
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Craig DootsonMarine Technician
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Craig M. HallmanMarine Technician
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. David L. RipleyMarine Technician
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Leonard LopezMarine Technician
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Ms. Marguerite SchearsMarine Technician/Storekeeper
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Mr. Victor S. SoteloPhotographer
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Ms. Joanne R. CollinsYeoperson
Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093
Deep Sea Drilling Project Publication Staff
Publications ManagerJan H. Blakeslee
EditorsMarian G. BaileySusan OrlofskyKatie L. TurnerElizabeth Whalen
Production ManagerRaymond F. Silk
Production AssistantsElaine BruerMadeleine A. Mahnken
Production CoordinatorsCarolina BertlingMary A. Young
Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman
IllustratorsAileen Bobryk (this volume)Vicki CypherdKathleen SandersonAlice N. Thompson
xπ
JOIDES AdvisoryGroups1
Executive CommitteeDr. D. James Baker, Jr.
University of WashingtonProf. Dr. Friedrich Bender
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. G. Ross Heath
Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley
Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSir Peter Kent, F.R.S.
Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. John A. Knauss
University of Rhode IslandDr. Noriyuki Nasu
University of TokyoDr. William A. Nierenberg, Chairman
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. M. N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyM. Gerard Piketty
Centre National pour VExploitation des OceansDr. Barry Raleigh
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryProf. Robert D. Reid
Texas A&M UniversityDr. Alexander V. Sidorenko
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John Steele
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio Planning Committee
Representative)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Warren WisbyRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
Planning CommitteeDr. Jean Aubouin
Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Helmut Beiersdorf
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant
Texas A&M UniversityDr. Joe R. Cann
University of Newcastle-upon-TyneDr. John B. Corliss
Oregon State University1 Membership at time of cruise.
Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington
Mr. John I. EwingWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dr. Dennis E. HayesLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. Jose HonnorezRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island
Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo
Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics
Dr. Lev NikitinU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
Dr. E. L. Winterer, ChairmanScripps Institution of Oceanography
Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. Richard Bennett
National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. John W. Handin
Texas A&M UniversityDr. George deVries Klein, Acting Chairman
University of Illinois, UrbanaDr. Leland Kraft
McClelland Engineers, Inc.Dr. I. Nick McCave
University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières
Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)
Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Orrin H. Pilkey
Duke UniversityDr. Peter Rothe
Universitat MannheimDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Peter Timofeev
U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
xiπ
Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Earl W. Baker
Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. Simon C. Brassel
The University of BristolDr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)
Oregon State UniversityDr. William T. Coulbourn (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Gordon Erdman
Phillips Petroleum CompanyDr. Eric Galimov
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John M. Hunt
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Keith Kvenvolden
U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Philip A. Meyers
University of MichiganDr. Bernd R. Simoneit, Chairman
Oregon State UniversityDr. Colin P. Summerhayes
Exxon Production Research CompanyDr. Bernard Tissot
Institut Français du PétroleDr. Dietrich Welte
Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie und Lagerstattendes Erdöls und der Kohle
Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Daniel E. Appleman, Chairman
Smithsonian InstitutionDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)
University of WashingtonDr. John C. Hathaway
U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr.
University of California, Los AngelesDr. Michael S. Loughridge
National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. Marthe Melguen
Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (BNDO)Mrs. Judit Nowak
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeMr. Peter Woodbury (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyIndustrial Liaison PanelMr. R. L. Adams
Conoco Inc.Prof. Nikolai P. Budnikov
Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.Mr. Melvin J. Hill
Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Company
Dr. Ing. Guenter PetersonGewerkschaft Walter
Mr. W. A. Roberts, ChairmanEnergy Concepts, Inc.
Dr. Gilbert RutmanSociété Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine
Mr. G. WilliamsUnited Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd.
Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Roger N. Anderson
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Henri Bougault
Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO)Dr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)
Oregon State UniversityProf. Dr. Rolf Emmermann
Universitat KarlsruheDr. Paul J. Fox, Chairman
University of Rhode IslandDr. Paul Johnson
University of WashingtonDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)
Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James Natland (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Minoru Ozima
University of TokyoDr. Paul Robinson
Dalhousie UniversityDr. Hans Schouten
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Ralph Stephen
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John Tarney
University of LeicesterDr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Peter F. Barker
University of BirminghamDr. Jean-Paul Cadet
Université d"OrleansDr. Darrel Cowan
University of WashingtonDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)
University of WashingtonDr. Yury I. Dmitriev
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Donald M. Hussong, Chairman
Hawaii Institute of Geophysicsxiv
Dr. Daniel KarigCornell University
Dr. John W. LaddLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. Kazuaki NakamuraUniversity of Tokyo
Dr. James Natland (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Roland von HueneU.S. Geological Survey
Dr. Hansjust WaltherBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe
Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Mikhail E. Artemiev
U.S.S.R. Academy of ScienciesDr. Arnold H. Bouma
Gulf Science and Technology CompanyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)
Texas A&M UniversityDr. Karl Hinz
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hideo Kagami
University of TokyoDr. Charlotte Keene
Geological Survey of CanadaDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Lucien Montadert
Institut Français du PétroleDr. David G. Roberts, Chairman
British Petroleum Co., Ltd.Dr. William B. F. Ryan
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Sigmund Snelson
Shell Oil CompanyDr. Jdrn Thiede
Universitetet i OsloDr. Brian E. Tucholke
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Peter R. Vail
Exxon Production Research CompanyDr. Jan E. van Hinte
Vrije UniversiteitDr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyAdvisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and SafetyDr. Nikolai I. Beliy
Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. Rustum Jean Byramjee
Compagnie Français des PétrolesDr. George Claypool
U.S. Geological Survey
Mr. Brian E. DaviesSohio Petroleum Company
Dr. Louis E. Garrison, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey
Dr. Arthur E. GreenExxon Production Research Company
Prof. A. J. HornAtherton, California
Dr. Ernst HotzDeminex, Essen, Federal Republic of Germany
Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. David B. MacKenzieMarathon Oil Company
Dr. Geoffrey D. TaylorBritish Petroleum Company, Ltd.
Dr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Advisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio)
University of Newcastle-upon-TyneDr. Henry Elderfield
University of LeedsDr. Michael Hoffert
Université Louis PasteurDr. Miriam Kastner, Acting Chairman
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Margaret Leinen
University of Rhode IslandDr. Igor D. Ryabchikov
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Sam Savin
Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Fred L. Sayles
Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl
Universitat GöttingenStratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. Ivan Basov
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lloyd H. Burckle
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)
University of WashingtonDr. D. Graham Jenkins
The Open University, BuckinghamshireProf. Dr. Erlend Martini
Universitat FrankfurtDr. Catherine Nigrini
La Habra Heights, California
xv
Dr. Richard Poore, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey
Dr. John B. SaundersNaturhistorisches Museum, Basel
Downhole Measurements PanelDr. Heinz Beckmann
Technische Universitàt ClausthalMr. Robert E. Boyce (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)
Texas A&M UniversityDr. Nikolas I. Christensen
University of WashingtonDr. Timothy J. G. Francis
Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Roy Hyndman
Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,British Columbia
Mr. Alfred H. JagelerAmoco Production Research Company
Dr. Hajimu KinoshitaChiba University
Dr. Mark MathewsLos Alamos National Laboratory
Dr. Yury NeprochnovU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
Dr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio)U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
Dr. Vincent RenardCentre National pour VExploitation des Oceans
Dr. Richard P. Von Herzen, ChairmanWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Advisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hervé Chamley
Université des Sciences et Techniques de LilleDr. Robert G. Douglas, Chairman
University of Southern California
Dr. Dieter FüttererUniversitàt Kiel
Dr. Robert E. GarrisonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz
Dr. James D. HaysLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island
Dr. Robert B. KiddNatural Environment Research Council
Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Dr. Seymour O. SchlangerNorthwestern University
Dr. Yokichi TakayanagiTohoku University
Dr. Fritz TheyerHawaii Institute of Geophysics
Dr. Peter P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences
Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. LeRoy M. Dorman
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Dennis Hayes (ex-officio)
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. E. John W. Jones, Chairman
University College, LondonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo
University of TokyoDr. Philip Rabinowitz (ex-officio)
Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Vincent Renard
Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des OceansDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)
Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Alexander A. Schreider
U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Wilfried Weigel
Universitàt Hamburg
xvi
SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY
Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of DeepSea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to(1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their cruise, and supportshorebased investigators who are preparing contribu-tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ-ual investigators with materials to conduct detailedstudies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) providepaleontological reference centers with samples forreference and comparison purposes; and (4) provideeducators with samples for teaching purposes.
Funding for sample-related activities must be securedby the investigator independently of requesting thesamples.The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsiblefor distributing samples and for preserving and con-serving core material. The Curator, who may acceptadvice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDESadvisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro-visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re-sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples thathave been distributed, both onboard ship and subse-quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi-ents and the nature of investigations proposed. Thisinformation is available to interested investigators onrequest.
Every sample distributed from the ship or from a re-pository is labeled with a standard identifier, whichincludes leg number, hole number, core and sectionnumbers, and interval within the section from whichthe sample was removed. It is imperative that thisstandard identifier be associated with all data report-ed in the literature, and that residues of the sampleremain labeled throughout their lives, so that laterworkers can relate the data to the cores.Distribution of sample materials is made directly fromthe repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ-atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or TexasA&M University) by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.
1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to ODP Reports
Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re-ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator,Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order torequest samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe-cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least*Revised October 1984
TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of thatcruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re-quest in conjunction with other requests, so that asuitable shipboard sampling program can be assem-bled. The request should include a statement of thenature of the proposed research, size and approxi-mate number of samples required to complete thestudy, and any particular sampling technique or equip-ment which may be required. Requests will be re-viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien-tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis-approval will be based upon the scientific require-ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriateJOIDES advisory panel(s). The scope of a requestmust be such that samples can be processed, thatproposed research can be completed, and that the pa-per can be written in time for submission to the rele-vant ODP cruise report.
Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem-eral properties, the total volume of samples removedduring a cruise-related sampling program will not ex-ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, andno interval will be depleted. One-half of all recoveredmaterials will be retained in the archives in as pristinea condition as is practicable. Investigators requestingshipboard samples of igneous materials may receive amaximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise.
Because many sample requests are received for ship-board work and because the time of the shipboardparty is at a premium, co-chief scientists are stronglyurged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimumnecessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore-based investigators whose requests for cruise-relatedsamples are approved should expect that they will re-ceive the samples after the cores are returned to therepository, and should schedule research activities ac-cordingly.
Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who arenot cruise participants to perform special studies ofselected core samples in direct support of shipboardactivities. If this occurs, the names and addresses ofthese investigators and details of all samples loanedor distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu-rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise,immediately after the cruise. These investigators areexpected to contribute to the cruise reports as thoughthey had been cruise participants. All requirementsof the Sample Distribution Policy apply.
Any publication of results other than in ODP re-ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the
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cruise must be approved and authored by the wholeshipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebasedinvestigators. After twelve months, individual inves-tigators may submit related papers for open publica-tion provided they have already submitted their con-tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which arenot completed in time for inclusion in ODP reportsfor a specific cruise may be published in a later edi-tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appearin another journal until the ODP report for whichthey were intended has been published.
2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports
A. Researchers who wish to use samples for stud-ies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re-ports should obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe-cify the quantities and intervals of core re-quired, to make a clear statement of the natureof the proposed research, to state the timewhich will be required to complete the workand to submit results for publication, and tospecify funding status and the availability ofequipment and space for the research.
Additionally, if the requestor has received sam-ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/she will be required to account for the dispo-sition of those samples by citing publishedworks, six (6) copies of which must be sent tothe Curator. If no report has been published,this requirement can be fulfilled by sending abrief (two or three page) report of the statusof the research. Unused and residual samplesshould be returned and data should be sent tothe Curator if the project has terminated. Pa-leontological materials may be returned eitherto the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig-nated paleontological reference centers. If ma-terial is returned to a reference center, notifythe Curator when it is sent.
Requests for samples from researchers in in-dustrial laboratories will be honored in thesame manner as those from academic organi-zations. Industrial investigators have the sameobligations as other investigators to publish allresults promptly in the open literature and toprovide the Curator with copies of all reportspublished and of all data acquired in their re-search.
In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be consid-
ered together, approval of requests and distri-bution of samples will be delayed until twelve(12) months after completion of the cruise ortwo (2) months after official publication of thecore descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. Theonly exceptions to this policy will be made forspecific requests involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples may be based oncore descriptions published in ODP reportsproduced by the shipboard party, copies ofwhich are on file at various institutionsthroughout the world. Copies of original corelogs and data are kept on open file at ODP,and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography.
B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand-ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In-vestigators must provide explicit justificationof requests for larger sample sizes or for fre-quent intervals within a core. Requests whichexceed reasonable size or frequency limits willrequire explicit justifications and more time toprocess, and are unlikely to be granted in theirentirety.
Requests for samples from thin layers, fromstratigraphically important boundaries, fromsections which are badly depleted or in unusu-ally high demand may be delayed in order tocoordinate requests from several investigatorsor while the Curator seeks advice from thecommunity. Investigators who submit such re-quests may expect to receive suggestions foralternative sampling programs or that theyjoin a research consortium which will sharethe samples. In any event, such exceptional re-quests will require more time for processingthan will more routine requests.
Investigators who wish to study ephemeralproperties may request a waiver of the waitingperiod; however, such requests will be referredautomatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap-proved, the investigator will join the shore-based contributors to the shipboard scienceeffort, and will incur the obligations thereof(see section 1).
C. Samples will not be provided until the reques-tor assures the Curator that funding for theproposed research is available or unnecessary.If a sample request is dependent in any wayupon proposed funding, the Curator is pre-pared to provide the proposed funding organi-zation with information on the availability (orpotential availability) of suitable samples.
xviπ
D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol-lowing obligations:(1) To publish significant results promptly;however, no contribution may be submitted forpublication prior to twelve (12) months fol-lowing the termination of the relevant leg un-less it is approved and authored by the entireshipboard party.
(2) To acknowledge in all publications that thesamples were supplied through the assistanceof the international Ocean Drilling Programand others as appropriate.(3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of allpublished works to the Curator, Ocean Drill-ing Program, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re-prints will be distributed to the repositories, tothe ship, to the National Science Foundation,and to the Curator's reprint file.
(4) To submit~Hl~final analytical data obtainedfrom the samples to Data Base Manager, OceanDrilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Pleaseconsult recent issues of the JOIDES Journalor call (409-845-2673) for information on ac-ceptable data formats. Investigators should beaware that they may have other data obliga-tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policyor under relevant policies of other fundingagencies which require submission of data tonational data centers.
(5) To return all unused or residual samples, ingood condition and with a detailed explana-tion of any processing they may have experi-enced, upon termination of the proposed re-search. In particular, all thin sections andsmear slides manufactured onboard the vesselor in the repositories are to be returned to theCurator. Paleontological materials may be re-turned either to the Curator at ODP or to oneof the designated paleontological reference cen-ters.
Failure to honor these obligations will preju-dice future applications for samples.
E. Cores are available for examination by inter-ested parties at the repositories. Investigatorsare welcome to visit the repositories in order toinspect cores and to specify sample locationswhen that is required for their research; how-ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim-ited, so advance appointments are required.Occasionally, the space may be fully bookedseveral weeks in advance, so investigators areurged to call for appointments well ahead in
order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu-rator or his delegate may actually remove sam-ples from the cores.
F. A reference library of thin sections, smearslides, and archive photographs is maintainedin the repositories for the use of visting inves-tigators. All thin sections and smear slides pro-duced onboard the ship or in the repositoriesbelong to this library.
3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer-ence Centers
As a separate and special category of repository ac-tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale-ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma-terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing(mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos-sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will beprepared in the future. The present centers are ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie-del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse-um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82);and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt,New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Futurecenters are likely to include Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479);Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NewYork; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan.
Further details concerning the paleontological refer-ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDESJournal.
4. Distribution of Samples for Educational PurposesSamples may be available in limited quantities to col-lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interestededucators should request application forms from theCurator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re-questors are required to specify preferred sample sizeand location, to make a very clear statement of thenature of the coursework in which the samples will beused, to explain how the core samples will be pre-pared and how they will be used in the classroom, toexplain in detail why they cannot use similar materi-als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOTacceptable to argue that it requires less effort for therequestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as-semble them from other sources), and to certify thatfunds are available to prepare the materials for class-room use. In general, only samples of materials whichare abundant in the collection and which are in littledemand for research purposes should be requestedfor educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-
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prove requests for materials which are limited in sup-ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great,including most paleontological materials.
5. Distribution of DataThe Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean DrillingProgram routinely capture much of the data gener-ated onboard ship and published in Program reports.Additionally, data supplied by investigators who havereceived samples are incorporated into the data bases,so data sets which are larger than can be publishedare available to investigators. Magnetics, downholelogging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth-er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail-able for distribution to investigators at the same timeas core samples.
At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continueto be distributed by the Data Base Manager, DeepSea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California,San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge willbe made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in-curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti-mates of charges can be furnished before the work isperformed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data willbe available primarily from the National GeophysicalData Center, Boulder, Colorado.
Requests for ODP data should be addressed to theData Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469,U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be includedin ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDPdata will be available from the ODP Data Base Man-ager.
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CONTENTS
Chapter Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1
PART I: INTRODUCTION AND SITE REPORTS
1. INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND ANDEXPLANATORY NOTES, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85, CENTRALEQUATORIAL PACIFIC 5Shipboard Scientific Party
2. SITE 571 23Shipboard Scientific Party
3. SITE 572 33Shipboard Scientific Party
4. SITE 573 137Shipboard Scientific Party
5. SITE 574 225Shipboard Scientific Party
6. SITE 575 331Shipboard Scientific Party
PART II: PALEONTOLOGY ANDBIOSTRATIGRAPHY
NEOGENE AND QUATERNARY DINO-FLAGELLATE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OFTHE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC:DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 85I. Jarvis and B. A. Tocher
13.
14.
15.
16.
407
17.LATE EOCENE TO HOLOCENE DIATOMBIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC OCEAN, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85J. A. Barron
413
18.
10.
A HIGH RESOLUTION LATE MIOCENE-PLIOCENE DIATOM BIOSTRATIGRAPHYFOR THE EASTERN EQUATORIALPACIFIC 457J. G. Baldauf
TROPICAL PACIFIC SILICOFLAGEL-LATE ZONATION AND PALEOTEM-PERATURE TRENDS OF THE LATECENOZOIC 477D. Bukry
Chapter
11. QUATERNARY RADIOLARIANS FROMTHE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85M. Labracherie
12. RADIOLARIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY INTHE CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 85C. A. Nigrini
Page
499
511
NANNOFOSSILS FROM QUATERNARYDEPOSITS IN THE HIGH-PRODUCTIV-ITY AREA OF THE CENTRAL EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 85A. Pujos
CENOZOIC NANNOFOSSILS, CENTRALEQUATORIAL PACIFIC, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85A. Pujos
CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRA-TIGRAPHY, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJ-ECT LEG 85, EASTERN EQUATORIALPACIFICS. Gartner and J. Chow
PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIO-STRATIGRAPHY OF EASTERN EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC SEDIMENTS, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85T. Saito
LATE EOCENE TO RECENT DEEP-SEABENTHIC FORAMINIFERS FROM THECENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFICOCEANE. Thomas
STRATIGRAPHIC RESOLUTION OF LEG85 DRILL SITES: AN INITIAL ANALYSIS.N. G. Pisias, J. A. Barron, C. A. Nigrini,and D. A. Dunn
553
581
609
621
655
695
PART III: ISOTOPIC AND CARBONATESTRATIGRAPHY
19. HIGH RESOLUTION CARBONATE REC-ORDS FROM THE HYDRAULIC PISTONCORED SECTION OF SITE 572N. G. Pisias and W. L. Prell
711
xxi
Chapter Page Chapter Page
20. PLIOCENE STABLE ISOTOPE AND CAR-BONATE STRATIGRAPHY (HOLES 572CAND 573A): PALEOCEANOGRAPHICDATA BEARING ON THE QUESTION OFPLIOCENE GLACIATIONW. L. Prell
21. STABLE ISOTOPE AND CALCIUM CAR-BONATE RECORDS FROM HYDRAULICPISTON CORED HOLE 574A: HIGH-RES-OLUTION RECORDS FROM THE MID-DLE MIOCENEN. G. Pisias, N. J. Shackleton, andM. A. Hall
22. OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE RE-CORD FOR THE EARLY AND MIDDLEMIOCENE IN THE CENTRAL EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC (LEG 85) AND PALE-OCEANOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONSE. Vincent and J. S. Killingley
23. LATE EOCENE TO OLIGOCENE BEN-THIC FORAMINIFERAL ISOTOPIC REC-ORD, SITE 574, EQUATORIAL PACIFIC ..K. G. Miller and E. Thomas
PART IV: GEOCHEMISTRY
24. GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF EO-CENE-OLIGOCENE METALLIFEROUSSEDIMENTS FROM THE CENTRALEQUATORIAL PACIFIC: DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT SITES 573 AND 574.I. Jarvis
25. INTERSTITIAL WATER CHEMISTRYAND DIAGENESIS OF BIOGENIC SEDI-MENTS FROM THE EASTERN EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 85P. M. Stout
26. COMPOSITION AND SOURCES OFPUMICES IN LEG 85 CORESH. Sigurdsson and A. N. Davis
723
29. PALEOMAGNETISM OF DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 85 SEDI-MENTS: NEOGENE MAGNETOSTRATIG-RAPHY AND TECTONIC HISTORY OFTHE CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC .N. Weinreich and F. Theyer
PART VI: PALEOCEANOGRAPHY ANDSYNTHESES
849
73530.
749
771
31
SYNTHESIS OF BIOSTRATIGRAPHY,CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 85: RE-FINEMENT OF OLIGOCENE TO QUA-TERNARY BIOCHRONOLOGY 905J. A. Barron, C. A. Nigrini, A. Pujos,T. Saito, F. Theyer, E. Thomas, andN. Weinreich
DIATOM PALEOCEANOGRAPHY ANDPALEOCLIMATOLOGY OF THE CEN-TRAL AND EASTERN EQUATORIALPACIFIC BETWEEN 18 AND 6.2 MA . . .J. A. Barron
32.
. 781 33.
805
821
SEISMIC MODELING AND PALEOCEAN-OGRAPHY AT DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT SITE 574L. A. Mayer, T. H. Shipley, F. Theyer,R. H. Wilkens, and E. L. Winterer
THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC HIGH-PRO-DUCTIVITY BELT: ELEMENTS FOR ASYNTHESIS OF DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 85 RESULTSF. Theyer, L. A. Mayer, J. A. Barron, andE. Thomas
APPENDIX. SEDIMENT PHYSICALPROPERTIES, LEG 85
935
947
971
987
BACK POCKET FOLDOUTS
PART V: GEOPHYSICS
27. SEABEAM BATHYMETRIC AND WATER-GUN SEISMIC REFLECTION SURVEYSIN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFICT. H. Shipley, E. L. Winterer, M. Goud,S. J. Hills, C. V. Metzler, C. K. Paull, andJ. T. Shay
28. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC SEDIMENTSR. H. Wilkens and T. Handyside
825
839
CHAPTER 17: APPENDIX A: COUNTS OF BENTHICFORAMINIFER SPECIMENS FOR ALL SAM-PLES STUDIED, SITES 573, 574, AND 575.
CHAPTER 17: APPENDIX A: (CONTINUED).
CHAPTER 17: APPENDIX A: (CONTINUED).r
CHAPTER 22: FIGURE 6. ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHYAND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AT SITES 216 (TROPI-CAL INDIAN OCEAN), 575 (CENTRAL EQUATO-RIAL PACIFIC), AND 289 (WEST EQUATORIALPACIFIC).
xxii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank the U.S. National Science Foundation and agen-
cies in the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Japan, theUnited Kingdom, and the U.S.S.R. for support of the DeepSea Drilling Project. Our special thanks go to Captain Dilland the crew and technical staff of the Glomar ChallengerLeg 85 for their competent work. Leg 85 marked the end ofan era with the retirement of Captain Dill. We are sure wespeak for all those who have sailed with him when we expressour gratitude for all that he has done for the drilling program.We also extend our thanks to R. G. Douglas, J. D. Hays, andthe JOIDES Ocean Paleoenvironment Panel, whose effortsmade Leg 85 possible.
The preparation of this volume benefited greatly from theorganizational abilities of Jan Blakeslee and Carol Bertling,and from the editing by Marian Bailey.
The following people reviewed chapters in this volume;their contributions are gratefully acknowledged.
W AbbottJ. BaldaufP. BakerJ. BarronC. BartonC. BlomeE. BoltovskoyD. BukryL. BurckleD. CronanN. ChristensenW. CurryR. EmbleyA. Fleet
J. GardnerR. GarrisonD. GoldbergR. HarlandS. JenkinsL. KeigwinG. KellerM. LeinenG. LombariA. MclntyreE. MartiniG. MountainJ. NatlandC. Nigrini
H. OkadaJ. ResigW. RiedelK. RomineC. SchreiberN. ShackletonW. ShowersJ. SteinmetzT. TakayamaL. TauxeR. ThunellJ. VarekampE. VincentS. Williams