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Decision Support System Assit. Dr. Anantakul Intarapadung

Decision Support System · DSS is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable Computer Based Information System (CBIS) specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured

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  • Decision Support System

    Assit. Dr. Anantakul Intarapadung

  • DSS is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable Computer Based Information System (CBIS) specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision making. It uses data, provides easy user interface, and can incorporate the

    decision maker’s own insights.

    Decision Support Systems

  • DSS Model

    Understand the

    similarity to other

    structured

    process models,

    such as:

    Analysis

    Design

    Develop

    Implement

    Evaluate

  • (Strategic Decision Making)

    (Tactical Decision Making)

    (Operational Decision Making)

    Unstructured Decision

    Semi-structured Decision

    Structured Decision

  • Intelligence Phase

    Organisational objective

    Search and scanning procedure

    Problem identification

    Problem Ownership

    Ploblem classification

    Problem statement

    Reality

    Simplification

    Assumptions

    Design Phase

    Formulate a model

    Set criteria for choice

    Search for alternative

    Predic and measure

    outcome

    Problem statement

    Validation

    Choice Phase

    Solution to the model

    Sensitivity analysis

    Selection of best

    alternative(s)

    Plan for implementation

    Alternatives

    Validation

    SolutionImplementation of

    solution

    Success

    Failure

    Simon’s Model of Decision Making Process

    Efraim Turban

  • สรุปขั้นตอนของกระบวนการตัดสินใจ

    1. ขัน้ความคิดประกอบเหตผุล (Intelligence) ผูต้ดัสนิใจจะรบัรูถ้งึโอกาสหรอืปัญหาทีเ่กดิขึน้ จากนัน้ผูท้ าการตดัสนิใจเริม่เกบ็รวบรวมขอ้มลูทีเ่กี่ยวขอ้งจากทัง้ตวัปัญหา และสิง่แวดลอ้ม หรอืโอกาสนัน้

    2. ขัน้การออกแบบ (Design)ผู้ตัดสินใจจะวิเคราะห์และพัฒนาเส้นทางในการแก้ปัญหา เพื่อประกอบตดัสนิใจเลอืกทางเลอืกที่เหมาะสม ซึ่งผู้ท าการตดัสนิใจจะต้องเขา้ใจในปัญหา มคีวามคดิสรา้งสรรค์ พยายามหาทางออกของปัญหา และตรวจสอบความเป็นไปไดใ้นปัญหานัน้

    3. ขัน้คดัเลือก(Choice) ผูท้ าการตดัสนิใจจะท าการคดัเลอืกแนวทางปฏบิตัทิีเ่หมาะสมกบัสถานการณ์ทีส่ดุ เพือ่ทีจ่ะน าไปประยกุตใ์ชต้่อไป

  • ตวัอย่างของโปรแกรมระบบสนับสนุนการตดัสินใจ Interrelated DSS (ชว่ยตดัสนิใจปัญหาทีม่คีวามสมัพนัธก์นัของหลายหน่วยงานในองคก์ร) เชน่

    • SCM : การจดัสรรทรพัยากร (Resource Allocation) / MRP or ERP • HR : การตดัสนิใจเพิม่หรอืลดพนกังาน (Human Resources / Recruitment)• MK : การตดัสนิใจพฒันาผลติภณัฑใ์หมสู่ท่อ้งตลาด (Product Development)• Prod : การตดัสนิใจซือ้หรอืผลติเอง (Made or Buy Decision)

    DSS for Forecasting (โปรแกรมชว่ยสนบัสนุนการพยากรณ์ต่างๆ) • การพยากรณ์ยอดขาย• การประเมนิคูแ่ขง่• การค านวณหาจดุสมดุลระหวา่ง Supply / Demand • การค านวณหาความสมัพนัธข์องยอดขายต่อก าไร เป็นตน้

    Alternative Media Mix Evaluation Program

    Management Information System

    Decision Support System :Example

  • Why CEOs should use DSS?

    Multiple decision objectives

    Increased alternatives

    Increased competition

    The need for creativity

    Social and political actions

    International aspects

    Increased Technology

    Time compression

    Management Information System

    Decision Support System :Why DSS

    Multi-

    Problem

    Solving

    Factors

  • Performs different types of analyses

    • “What-if” analysis

    • Makes hypothetical changes to problem and observes

    impact on the results.

    • Simulation

    • Duplicates features of a real system.

    • Goal-seeking analysis

    • Determines problem data required for a given result.

    Decision Support System :

    Characteristics

  • Highly structured problems

    Straightforward problems, requiring known facts and

    relationships.

    Semi-structured or unstructured

    problems

    Complex problems where in relationships among data are not

    always clear, the data may be a variety of formats, and often

    difficult to manipulate or obtain.

    Decision Support System :

    Capabilities

  • Decision Support System :

    Optimizing Routine - Solver in Excel

  • Decision Support System :

    Goal Seeking for Example

  • Dialogue Manager

    Allows decision makers

    to easily access and

    manipulate the DSS.

    Model Base

    Provides

    decision makers

    with access to a

    variety of

    models.

    Data & Model Management

    Software (DBMS & MBMS)

    Management Information System

    DSS : How is it working?

  • Data management subsystem

    • databases, data warehouse, data base management system (DBMS)

    Model management subsystem

    • financial, statistical, management science, quantitative models

    • model base management system (MBMS)

    Knowledge management subsystem

    • provides intelligence to augment the decision maker’s own

    User interface subsystem

    Users

    Management Information System

    DSS : Components

  • Model Base

    Provides decision makers

    with access to a variety of

    models and assists them in

    decision making.

    Models

    Financial models

    Statistical analysis models

    Graphical models

    Project management models

    Major Types of DSS

    Models

    Management Information System

    DSS : Model Base

  • Decision analysis

    • with tables

    • with trees

    Time series forecasting

    • Method of moving average

    • Potential smoothing forecasting

    • Potential smoothing with trend

    • Decomposition method

    Multiple regression

    • Multiple regression

    • Forecasting

    • Statistical analysis

    Management Information System

    DSS : Decision Model

  • Linear programming

    • Profit maximization

    • Cost minimization

    • Sensitivity analysis

    Inventory analysis

    • ABC classification

    • Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

    Multiple regression

    • Multiple regression

    • Forecasting

    • Statistical analysis

    Management Information System

    DSS : Decision Model

  • Financial Models

    NPV , IRR , PB , F/N Ratio

    Statistics Models

    Regression Analysis , Trend Projection , Mean , Mod , Median , SPSS , Exponential

    Graphical Model ; Descriptive

    Power-point , flash , Visio , 3D , AutoCAD , CorelDraw , Photoshop , etc…

    Project Management Model

    Gantt Chart , Milestone , Pert / CPM

    Quantitative and Manage Science Model

    LP,IP,Decision Table or tree,inventory ,Transportation,EOQ,Simulation,Game theory ,QC, Queuing , Markov Model , etc..

    Management Information System

    DSS ; Functional Models

  • Decision Support System:Application Packages Programs

  • EXCEL : Solver Parameter ; LP Model

  • EXCEL : Solver Parameter ; PERT/CPM

    PERT/CPM

  • Kulachatr C. Na Ayudhya

    25

    EXCEL : QM ; Breakeven Analysis

    ExcelforQM.xls

  • Kulachatr C. Na Ayudhya

    26

    EXCEL : QM ; Inventory Model