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Chinese Philosophies You may NOT paste this in to your notebook to replace your own notes. You will need to write your own notes on your own chart. Once you have that done, if you would like to print this out and add it to the page as a supplement, that is fine but it does not replace your own notetaking. Daoism Not an exclusive faith Influenced Chinese political & cultural traditions Central concept is dao meaning “The Way” (the way of nature) Founder was Laozi “Dao does nothing, but accomplishes everything.” Adapted traditional Chinese concepts of balance in nature – yin (male, assertiveness) and yang (female, submissive) Taught that political involvement and education were unnecessary The natural balance of the universe would solve most problems Ambition and activism only bring chaos Wuwei – disengagement from worldly affairs; a simple life in harmony with nature Generally blended with Confucianism to reflect a concern for community responsibility and time for personal reflection. Confucianism Confucius believed that the source of good government was in the maintenance of tradition by personal standards of virtue Respect for patriarchal family (filial piety) Veneration of one’s ancestors Government stability depended on welleducated officials Encouraged his followers to study classic texts from the Zhou and the Chinese mythology surrounding the Heavenly Emperors The Analects – compilation of Confucius beliefs which served to educate Chinese government officials (civil service exam) Confucius thought was fundamentally moral, ethical & political in character View of life was entirely practical – did not deal with religion or abstract philosophy Belief in ren (courtesy), li (propriety), and xiao (filial piety) Founder was Kung Fuzi Formation of junzi “superior individuals” 1 st Chinese thinker that addressed social & political problems Support of the Han Dynasty – order and submission to the government Later disciples included Mencius (focus on ren) and Xunxi (focus on li) Generally blended with Daoism to reflect a concern for community responsibility and time for personal reflection. Profoundly influenced Japanese and Korean culture in later years Legalism Legalists did not concern themselves with ethics, morality, or propriety Expected to harness subjects’ energy by means of clear and strict laws. Solution to the Warring States period Discouraged from pursuing many careers Cared nothing about the principles governing the world or the place of human beings in nature Deserved harsh punishment although crime was small Brought unification to China Supported by the Qin dynasty

Daoism Confucianism Legalism · PDF fileComparison / Contrasts From The Princeton Review “Cracking the AP World History Exam” Daoism and Confucianism Though Daoism and Confucianism

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Page 1: Daoism Confucianism Legalism · PDF fileComparison / Contrasts From The Princeton Review “Cracking the AP World History Exam” Daoism and Confucianism Though Daoism and Confucianism

Chinese PhilosophiesYou may NOT paste this in to your notebook to replace your own notes. You will need to write your own notes on your own chart. Once you have that done, if you would like 

to print this out and add it to the page as a supplement, that is fine but it does not replace your own note‐taking.

Daoism• Not an exclusive faith• Influenced Chinese political & 

cultural traditions• Central concept is dao meaning 

“The Way” (the way of nature)• Founder was Laozi• “Dao does nothing, but 

accomplishes everything.”• Adapted traditional Chinese 

concepts of balance in nature – yin(male, assertiveness) and yang (female, submissive)

• Taught that political involvement and education were unnecessary

• The natural balance of the universe would solve most problems

• Ambition and activism only bring chaos

• Wuwei – disengagement from worldly affairs; a simple life in harmony with nature

• Generally blended with Confucianism to reflect a concern for community responsibility and time for personal reflection.

Confucianism• Confucius believed that the source of good government was 

in the maintenance of tradition by personal standards of virtue

• Respect for patriarchal family (filial piety)• Veneration of one’s ancestors

• Government stability depended on well‐educated officials• Encouraged his followers to study classic texts from the Zhou 

and the Chinese mythology surrounding the Heavenly Emperors

• The Analects – compilation of Confucius beliefs which served to educate Chinese government officials (civil service exam)

• Confucius thought was fundamentally moral, ethical & political in character

• View of life was entirely practical – did not deal with religion or abstract philosophy

• Belief in ren (courtesy), li (propriety), and xiao (filial piety)• Founder was Kung Fuzi• Formation of junzi “superior individuals”• 1st Chinese thinker that addressed social & political problems• Support of the Han Dynasty – order and submission to the 

government• Later disciples included Mencius (focus on ren) and Xunxi

(focus on li)

• Generally blended with Daoism to reflect a concern for community responsibility and time for personal reflection.

• Profoundly influenced Japanese and Korean culture in later years

Legalism• Legalists did not concern 

themselves with ethics, morality, or propriety

• Expected to harness subjects’ energy by means of clear and strict laws.

• Solution to the Warring States period

• Discouraged from pursuing many careers

• Cared nothing about the principles governing the world or the place of human beings in nature

• Deserved harsh punishment although crime was small

• Brought unification to China

• Supported by the Qin dynasty

Page 2: Daoism Confucianism Legalism · PDF fileComparison / Contrasts From The Princeton Review “Cracking the AP World History Exam” Daoism and Confucianism Though Daoism and Confucianism

Comparison / Contrasts From The Princeton Review “Cracking the AP World History Exam”

Daoism and Confucianism

Though Daoism and Confucianism shared a core belief in the Dao, or “the Way,” they diverged in how each understood how the Dao manifested itself in the world. While Confucianism is concerned with creating an orderly society, Daoism is concerned with helping people live in harmony with nature and find internal peace. Confucianism encourages active relationships and a very active government as a fundamentally good force in the world; Daoism encourages a simple, passive existence, and little government interference with this pursuit. Despite these differences, many Chinese found them compatible, hence practiced both simultaneously. They used Confucianism to guide them in their relationships and Daoism to guide them in their private meditations.

Legalism and Confucianism

Although both Legalism and Confucianism are social belief systems, not religions, and both are intended to lead to an orderly society, their approaches are directly opposed. Confucianism relies on the fundamental goodness of human beings, whereas Legalism presupposes that people are fundamentally evil. Therefore, Confucianism casts everything in terms of corresponding responsibilities, whereas Legalism casts everything in terms of strict laws and harsh punishment. The Han successfully blended the best of both philosophies to organize their dynasty.