Daily Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims and Jews? Agenda 1. VTS 2. Causes 3. Crusades 4. Effects 5. Perspectives 6

Daily Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims and Jews?

Agenda1. VTS

2. Causes3. Crusades4. Effects

5. Perspectives6. Projects

7. Reflection

Unit 6: Conflict and ChangeA study in the uses and abuses of power

CRUSADES Lesson #3

Essential Question:- Why is there conflict?- How can conflict bring two societies closer together?- Is it in human nature to dominate?- Can one person make a difference?- Is one person’s freedom fighter another person’s terrorist?- Is fighting ever justified?


Agenda1. VTS



7. Reflection

VIDEO of the Crusades

WARM-UP

What’s going on in this image? What do you see that makes you say that…

…what more can you find?


Agenda1. VTS



7. Reflection

Causes of the Crusades The Seljuk Turks had established a new Muslim dynasty in

1055 with the capital being in Baghdad, so the Seljuk sultan ruled the new Persian Empire.

The Seljuk Turks continued to expand their territory even into what were supposed to be Christian lands in Eastern Europe.

VOCABULARY: Shah: a ruler in certain

Middle East lands, especially Persia (modern-day Iran)


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7. Reflection

Causes of the Crusades The Christians in Europe were bothered by the Turks taking

over Christian lands in the East.

Christians began to worry about the Holy Land of Jerusalem because it is where Jesus lived and was crucified and rose from the dead. However, it was also where Muhammad ascended to heaven in the night journey.

Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule and Jews, Christians and Muslims had lived together peacefully.

However, certain Muslim rulers were harsher toward non-Muslims than others.

The Turks took control of Palestine and made Christian pilgrimages to the holy land impossible, so Christians worried they would never be able to viti there again.

The fear of losing the Christian holy land led to the Crusades.


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7. Reflection

Causes of the Crusades As the Turks approached Constantinople (the capital of

the Byzantine Empire), The Emperor appealed to Pope Urban II for help.

The Pope invited nobles and church leaders to attend a council in France where he called for a crusade to drive out the Muslims and reclaim Jerusalem. He promised entry to heaven to all who joined the fight.

The French put together armies to fight in the Holy Land. People of all classes joined the fight. They would wear a red cross as a symbol of their mission.

Merchants saw this as a chance to earn money.

Younger sons of nobles hoped to gain estates in the Holy Land.

A person who fought in the Holy Land also gained the respect and prestige at home.


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7. Reflection

First Crusade 1096-1099 30,000 crusaders fought their way

through Anatolia (modern Turkey) toward Palestine.

In 1098, the crusaders spent nine months fighting their way through a ring of walls at the city of Antioch in Syria and won. In 1099, crusaders surrounded Jerusalem and scaled the city walls. After a month, the city surrendered. Crusaders killed all against them, sold survivors into slavery and then they went home. With the exception of four crusader kingdoms in Palestine, Syria and modern-day Lebanon and Turkey.

The Muslims were not strong because they hadn’t been united.


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7. Reflection

Second Crusade 1146-1148 In 1144, Muslims got together to capture the northernmost

crusader kingdom.

Christians got together and sent a second army led by the King of France in 1148.

About 50,000 crusaders marched into the city. Muslims beat back the crusaders. Defeated the French army went home.


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7. Reflection

Third Crusade 1189-1192Muslims came together under Muslim leadership

In the 1180’s, the great Sultan Salah al-Din united Egypt, Syria and other eastern lands and took back most of Palestine.

Losing Palestine shocked Europeans and had England’s King Richard I “the Lionhearted” leading a fight against the Sultan.

In 1191, the crusaders forced the surrender of Palestinian towns and in a trade Richard ordered the deaths of 2,700 Muslim prisoners.

In 1192, the Sultan and King Richard signed a peace treaty, but the crusaders kept cities along the coast of Palestine and Muslims agreed to let Christian pilgrims enter Jerusalem.


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7. Reflection

Crusades

Crusades continued for another 100 years


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7. Reflection

Reconquista The Crusades continued to fight Muslims in Europe and North Africa and Middle

East.

The “reconquista” was about retaking the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal).

Muslims gave up more and more territory.

In 1039, Portugal became an independent Christian kingdom.

In 1248, only Granada remained Muslim.

Jews and Muslims remained in Christian-ruled areas.

In late-1400s, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to unite Spain as a Catholic country, so they used the Spanish Inquisition (a Roman Catholic Court) against Muslims and Jews who claim to have converted. Judges used torture to find out if converts were practicing their old religion. Thousands were burned at the stake.

In 1492, Granada fell and all were ordered to become Catholics. 170,000 Jews left Spain and Muslims left forever and went to Muslim lands or converted.

VOCABULARY: Inquisition: a judicial body established by the Roman Catholic Church to combat forms of

religious error Anti-Semitism: hostility/anger or discrimination against Jews


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7. Reflection

What’s going on in these images?


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7. Reflection

Effects of the Crusades

VOCABULARY: Segregation: the forced separation of one group from the rest of a

community

European monarchs gained power, weakened feudalism

The use of money increased.

Jews suffered hardships.

Many were killed on all sides and others lost property and homes.

Muslims and Jews were driven out of Europe.

The nomadic Mongols conquered Muslim lands and ruled much of Asia.

After the Crusades and Mongols, the Turks built a Muslim Empire in the Middle East, Southern Europe, Iran, Iraq, India, West Africa and Indonesia.


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7. Reflection

Battle Speeches

You are responsible for creating a character (based off a real person/leader from the Crusades) and writing a battle speech. What might a leader say to his troops to build up morale and explain their

motivation for doing what they are doing? Students can use their own Ebonics language for the speech as a leader

would to his troops

If you so desire…it can be a poem or rap


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7. Reflection

Journal Reflection*

Answer ALL of the following questions:

How did the Crusades impact the Christians?How did the Crusades impact the Muslims?How did the Crusades impact the Jews?


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7. Reflection

DiscussionWhy do YOU think the Crusades happened?


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7. Reflection

Crusades Hearing Project1. Finish reading and annotating Character Overview

2. Fill out character map and answer:1. What makes your character look good?

2. What did your character do that could make them look bad?

3. What is your character’s point of view on the Crusades?

3. Have students begin preparing for the hearing1. Statements

2. Questioning

3. Placards


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7. Reflection

Work timeEACH student needs to complete the following:

Opening statement ONE paragraph answering the question you were assigned to

answer about your character (5-10 sentences)

Questioning ONE question for each of the other characters who will testify

during the hearing

Placard A card that has your characters name and a few designs or

symbols that represent that character


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7. Reflection

TO DO LIST

Check off the tasks you have completed on your to do list.

Think about what you need to get done for next class.


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7. Reflection

Journal ReflectionProcessing – List at least 5

questions someone else might ask your character about their involvement in the Crusades to answer the question – Why did the Crusades happen? Were they justified?


Agenda1. VTS



7. Reflection

HomeworkWork on Crusades Project – Opening Statement

Documents

Daily Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims and Jews? Agenda 1. VTS 2. Causes 3. Crusades 4. Effects 5. Perspectives 6