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Quaestio : How were the Crusades viewed by Crusaders, Muslims, and others?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Nunc Agenda: You are a young knight who has just heard the
speech by Pope Urban II, and you have decided to join the Crusade. Write a short note you will leave behind for your family
explaining your decision. (3 minutes)
Quaestio: How were the Crusades
viewed by Crusaders,
Muslims, and others?
During their overland journey to the Holy Land, Crusader armies, led by nobles, stopped in Constantinople, met Emperor Alexius, and promised him the land they conquered
After a 9-month siege, Crusaders conquered Antioch, slaughtered Muslim inhabitants, and pillaged the city
They did not return the land to Alexius
First Crusade (1095-1099)
They continued south conquering cities including Jerusalem, which Muslims and Jews fought together to defend
Four “Crusader States” were established:The County of EdessaThe Principality ofAntiochThe County of TripoliThe Kingdom ofJerusalem
Landless Nobles now had lands of their own
First Crusade (1095-1099)
After almost fifty years of relative peace, Muslims reconquered Edessa, sparking a new Crusade
The King of France and the King of Germany each led armies to attack Damascus in Syria, but they were defeated, AND Damascus joined with the Seljuks against the Crusaders
(Crusade Fail!)
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Muslim weakness lack of unity
Seljuks controlled Syria, Fatimids controlled Egypt
1147- Saladin (Salahuddin) became leader of both Egypt and Syria, reconquered Jerusalem and other Crusader lands for the Muslims
Third Crusade (1187-1192)
In response, Pope called for Third Crusade
HRE Frederick I Barbarossa, French King Philip II of France, and King Richard the Lionheart of England led armies to take back Jerusalem, but they were unsuccessful
Saladin agreed to allow Christian pilgrims into Jerusalem
Third Crusade (1187-1192)
Pope Innocent III called for a Fourth Crusade
Lacking the funds to go all the way to Jerusalem, the Crusaders instead sacked Christian Constantinople and established a Latin Empire in Byzantine land
There were other smaller Crusades in the following years but they had little impact
Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
Classwork/Pensa:The documents on
your worksheet are primary sources from the Crusades showing differing perspectives. Work with a partner to read the documents and answer the questions.
The Crusades Through Their Eyes