DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Ahmad, T., E., Suryati, and Muliani, 1995, Spons bioactive screening forbactericide in shrimp culture, Indonesia Fisheries Research Journal,1 (1), 1-10.

Amir, I., 1991, Fauna Spons (Porifera) dari Terumbu Karang Genteng BesarPulau-Pulau Seribu, Oseanologi di Indonesia, (24), 41 – 54.

Amir, I., dan Budiyanto, 1996, Mengenal Spons Laut (Demospongiae) SecaraUmum, Oseana, 21 (2),15 – 31.

Aoki, S., Naka, Y., Itoh, T., Furukawa, T., Rachmat, R., Akiyama, S., and Kobayashi, M., 2002, Lembehsterols A and B, Novel Sulfated Sterols Inhibiting Thymidine Phosphorylase, from the Marine Spons Petrosia strongylata, chem. Pharm. Bull., 50 (6) 827—830.

Ashour, M. A. A., 2006, Structure Elucidation of Bioactive Marine NaturalProducts Using Modern Methods of Spectroscopy, diseretation.

Bergquist, P. R., 1978, Spons, Hutchinson, London.

Braekman, J. C., and Daloze, D., 1986, Chemical defence in sponss, Pure &Appl. Chem., 58 (3), 357-364.

Cimino, G., de Giulio, A., de Rosa, S., di Marzo, V., 1989, Tetrahedron Lett, 30,3563–3566.

Cimino, G., de Giulio, A., de Rosa, S., di Marzo, V., 1990, J. Nat. Prod, 53, 345-353.

Cho, H. J., S. Ja Bae, N. D. Kim, J. H. Jung and Y.H. Cho., 2004, Induction of Apoptosis by Dideoxypetrosynol A, A Polyasetylene from SponsPetrosia sp., in Human Skin Melanoma Cells, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 1091-1096.

El Sayed, K. L., Kelly, M., Kara, U. K., Ang, K. H., Katsuyama, I., Dunbar, D.C., Khan, A. A., and Hamann, M.T., 2001, New Manzamine Alkaloids with Potent Activity against Infectious Disease, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 1804-1808.

Fusetani, N., Shiragaki, T., Matsunaga, S., Hashimoto, K., 1987, Tetrahedron Lett28, 4313–4314.

Garson, M.J., 1994, The Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolits: Why is Important. In: Sponss in Timeand Space, pp: 428-429, edited by R.W.M.

van Soest, Th. M.G. Van Kempen and J.CBraekman (eds.)., Proceeding 4th International Porifera Conggress, Amsterdam/Netherland.

Goud,T. V., Reddy, N. S., Swamy, N. R., Ram, T. S., and Venkateswarlu, Y., 2003, Anti-HIV Active Petrosins from the Marine Spons Petrosia similis, biol. pharm. bull., 26 (10) 1498—1501.

Guo, Y., Gavagnin, M., Trivellone, E., Cimino, G, 1994, Tetrahedron, 50, 13261–13268.

Handayani, D., Sayuti, N., dan Dachriyanus, 2008, Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Antibakteri Epidioksi Sterol dari Spons Laut Petrosia Nigrans, Asal Sumatra Barat, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi-II 2008 Universitas Lampung, 17-18 November 2008.

Harrison, F. W., and De Vos, L., 1991, Porifera, Di dalam: Harrison FW, Westfall JA(ed.). Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates.Volume 2. Placozoa,Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora.Wiley-Liss. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. New York, Chicester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore,28 –89.

Higa, T., Tanaka,J., Kitamura, A., Koyama, T., Takahashi, M., and Uchida, T., 1994, Bioactive compounds from marine sponss, Pure & Appl. Chern., 66 (10/11), 2227-2230.

Hosettman, K., 1991, Methods in Plant Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York, 6.

Ireland, C. M., Molinski, T. F., Roll, D. M., Zabriskie, T. M., McKee, T. C., Swersey, J. C., and Foster, M. P., 1989, Natural Product Peptides from Marine Organisms, Di dalam Scheuer PJ (ed.), Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, Springer – Verlag, 3, 1-27.

Isaacs, S., Kashman, Y., Loya, S., Hizi, A., Loya, Y., 1993, Tetrahedron, 49, 10435–10438.

Kimura, J., Ishizuka E., Nakao Y. Yoshida W.Y, Scheuer, P.J., and Borges, K.1998. Isolation of 1- methylherbipoline Salt of Halisulfate-1 and ofSuvanine as Serine Protease Inhibitors from Marine Spons, Coscinoderma Mathewsi, J. Nat Prod 61 (28), 248- 250.

Kobayashi, M., dan Rachmaniar R., 1999, Overview of Marine Natural Product Chemistry, Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Bioteknologi Kelautan Indonesia I, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta 14 Oktober.

Kunitz, M., and J.H. Northrop, 1936, Isolation from Beef Pancreas of Crystallinetrypsinogen trypsin, a trypsin, and an Inhibitor- Trypsin Compound, J.Gen. Physio, 19 (31), 991 – 1007.

Lee KY, Lee HJ, Lee HK., 2001, Microbial Symbiosis in Marine Sponss, The Journal of Microbiology, 29 (4), 254-264.

Li, H., Matsunaga, S., Fusetani, N., 1994, J. Nat. Prod., 57, 1464–1467.

Muliani, Suryati E., Tompo A., Parenrengi A., Rosmiati, 1998, Isolasi BioaktifBunga Karang Sebagai Fungisida pada Benih Udang Windu Penaeusmonodon, Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 4 (2).

Muniarsih T., dan Rachmaniar R., 1999, Isolasi Substansi Bioaktif Antimikroba dari Spons Asal Pulau Pari Kepulauan Seribu. Makalah disajikan dalamSeminar Bioteknologi Kelautan Indonesia I, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta 14 Oktober.

Munro M. H. G., Luibrand R. T., and Blunt J. W., 1989, The Search for Antivaral and Anticancer Compounds from Marine Organisms. Di dalam Scheuer PJ(ed.), Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, Springer -Verlag, 1, 94-176.

Murti, Y. B., 2006, Isolation and structure elucidation of bioactive secondary metabolites from sponss collected at Ujungpandang and in the Bali Sea, Indonesia, Disertation.

Nakagawa, N., Endo, M., Tanaka, N., and Pei, G. L., 1984, Tetrahedron Letters, 3227—3230.

O’Keefe, B. R., Erim,T., Beutler, J.A., Cardellina, J.H., Gulakowski, R.W.J.,Krepps, B. L., Mcmahon, J. B., Sowder, R. C., Johnson, D. G., Buckheit, R.W.J., Halliday, S., And Boyd, M. R., 1998, Isolation and Characterization of adociavirin, a Novel HIV- Inhibitory Protein from the Spons Adocia sp FEBS Lett, 431 (44), 85 – 90.

Parenrengi A., Suryati E., Dalfiah, dan Rosmiati, 1999, Studi Toksisitas EkstrakSpons Auletta sp. Callyspongia sp., dan C. Pseudoreticulata terhadapNener Bandeng (Chanos chanos), Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia5 (4).

Pronzato, R., Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Magnino, G., Manconi, R., Pantelis, J., Sara, A., and Sidri M., 1999, Spons Farming in the Mediterranian SeaNew Perspectives, Memoir of the Queensland Museum, 44, 485 - 491.

Rachmaniar, R., 1996, Penelitian Produk Alam Laut Skreening Substansi Bioaktif,Laporan Penelitian Tahun Anggaran 1995/1996, Lembaga IlmuPengetahuan Indonesia, Puslitbang Oseanologi.

Rasyid, A., 2009, Senyawa-senyawa Bioaktif dari Spons, Oseana, 34 (2), 25-32.

Reinheimer, G., 1991, Aquatic Microbiology, 4 th Ed, John Wiley and Sons,Chichester and New York.

Riseley, R. A., 1971, Tropical Marine Aquaria, The Natural System, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, Ruskin Hause Museum Street, London, 164 – 165.

Romihmohtarto, K., dan Juwana, S., 1999, Biologi Laut,Ilmu Pengetahuan tentang Biota Laut, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi-LIPIJakarta, 115 – 128.

Ruppert, E. E., and Barnes, R. D., 1991, Invertebrates Zoology, Sixth Edition,Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, SanFransisco, Montreal, Toronto, London, Sidney, Tokyo, 68 – 91.

Sandoval, I. T., Davis, R. A., Bugni, T. S., Concepcion, G. P., Harper, M. K., and Ireland, C. M., (tanpa tahun), Cytotoxic Isoquinoline Quinones from Spons of the Genus Petrosia

Setyowati, E. P., Jenie, U. A., Sudarsono, Kardono, B., Rahmat, R., dan Meiyanto, E., 2007, Isolation of Cytotoxic Substance From Kaliapsis Spons, Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 18 (4), 183-189.

Soediro, I.S., 1999, Produk Alam Hayati Bahari dan Prospek Pemanfaatannya diBidang Kesehatan dan Kosmetika, Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Bioteknologi Kelautan Indonesia I, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta 14 Oktober.

Soest, R. W. M., Van, and Braekman, J. C., 1999, Chemosystematics of Porifera: A Review, Memoir of the Queensland Museum, 44, 569 -589.

Suparno, 2005, kajian bioaktif spons laut (forifera:Demospongiae) suatu peluang alternatif Pemanfaatan ekosistem karang Indonesia Dalam bidang farmasi, Sekolah Pasca Sarjana, IPB-Bogor.

Suriani, 2006, Isolasi, Karakterisasi, dan Uji Bioaktivitas Metabolit Sekunder Spons Callyspongia sp., Tesis Tidak Diterbitkan, jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar.

Suryati, E., Parenrengi, A., dan Rosmiati, 2000, Penapisan Serta AnalisisKandungan Bioaktif Spons Clathria sp. yang efektif sebagaiAntibiofouling pada teritif (Balanus amphitrit), Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 5 (3).

Sutedja, L., Udin, L. Z., dan Manupputy, A., 2005, Antimicrobial Activity of the Spons Petrosia contignata Thiele, Sistem Informasi Dokumen Kegiatan Pusat Penelitian Kimia LIPI, Bandung.

Usman, H., Hakim, E. H., Achmad, S.A., Syah, Y. M., Harlim, T., Jalaluddin, M. N. 2005. Jurnal Matemaika dan Sains ITB. 10 (3): 97-100.

Voogd, N. J., De., and Van Soest, R. W. M., 2002, Indonesian Sponss of the Genus Petrosia, Zool. Med. Leidan 76.

Warren, L., 1982, Encyclopedia of Marine Invertebrates, Di dalam: Walls JG (ed.), 15 – 28.