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CSM CH-1 111/06/23 Light-Weight CMMI Light-Weight CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration ) Stage 1: Requirement Development and Project Planning For NSC Open Source Projects Dr. Chaw-Kwei Hung 洪洪洪 National Cheng-Kung University Software Engineering Center [email protected] February 2004

CSM CH-12015/9/9 Light-Weight CMMI Light-Weight CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration ) Stage 1: Requirement Development and Project Planning For

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Page 1: CSM CH-12015/9/9 Light-Weight CMMI Light-Weight CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration ) Stage 1: Requirement Development and Project Planning For

CSM CH-1112/04/19

Light-Weight CMMI

Light-Weight CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration )

Stage 1: Requirement Development and Project Planning

For NSC Open Source Projects

Dr. Chaw-Kwei Hung 洪肇奎National Cheng-Kung University

Software Engineering [email protected]

February 2004

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Light-Weight CMMIAgenda

• CMMI Maturity Levels Overview• Life Cycle of NSC's Free Software Project Development• Major Milestones • Light-Weight (Tailoring) CMMI Process Areas (PAs)

– Requirement Development and Requirement Management PAs» Student Exercise and Presentation – Your Project

Requirement Specification : Functional Requirements, Performance Requirements, , Interface Requirements and Operational Concepts

– Project Management and Project Monitor and Control PAs» Measurement and Analysis, Configuration Management,

and Process and Product Quality assurance PAs» Student Exercise and Presentation – Your Project : Work

Breakdown Structure, Work Package, and Tasks Description

• Q & A

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Organizational Innovation and Deployment (OPD)Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR)

5 Optimizing ContinuousProcess Improvement

4 Quantitatively Managed

QuantitativeManagement

Organizational Process Performance (OPP)Quantitative Project Management (QPM) (QPM)(QPM)

3 Defined ProcessStandardization

Requirements Development (RD)Technical Solution (TS)Product Integration (PI)Verification (VER)Validation (VAL)Organizational Process Focus (OPF)Organizational Process Definition (OPD)Organizational Training (OT) Integrated Project Management(IPPD)Risk Management (RSKM)Integrated Teaming (IT)Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)Organizational Environment for Integration (OEI)

2 Managed BasicProjectManagement

Requirements Management (REQM) Project Planning (PP)Project Monitoring and ControlSupplier Agreement Management (SAM)Measurement and Analysis (M&A)Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQ)Configuration Managemen (CM)t

1 Initial

Staged Organization of PAsLevel Focus

CMMI Maturity Levels Overview

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Continuous Organization of PAsCategory

Requirements Management (REQM) (L2)Requirements Development (RD) (L3)Technical Solution (TS) (L3)Product Integration (PI) (L3)Verification (VER) (L3)Validation (VAL) (L3)

Engineering(6)

Configuration Management (CM) (L2)Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQ)2Measurement and Analysis (M&A) (L2) Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR) (L5)Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR) (L3)Organizational Environment for Integration (OEI) (L3)

Support(6)

ProjectManagement

(7)

Project Planning (PP) (L2)Project Monitoring and Control (PMC) (L2)Supplier Agreement Management (SAM) (LIntegrated Project Management (IPPD) (L3)Integrated Teaming (IT) (L3)Risk Management (RSKM) (L3)Quantitative Project Management (QMP) (L

Organizational Process Focus (OPF) (L3)Organizational Process Definition (OPD) (L3)Organizational Training (OT) (L3)Organizational Process Performance (OPP) (Organizational Innovation and Deployment

ProcessManagement

(5)

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Light-Weight CMMI

Life Cycle of NSC's Free Software Project Development

TechnologyAdvancement

NSC’sRequirements

ConceptExploration

RequirementDevelopmen

tTechnicalSolution

ProductIntegration

DeliveryProductPapers…

ProjectPlanning

Project Monitor and Control

Requirement Management

Support (CM, PPQA, M&A)

Verification and Validation

Technology Innovation

Milestone 1 Milestone 2 Milestone 3

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Light-Weight CMMI

Three Major Milestones

• M1 – Requirement Analysis and Project Planning–Requirement Specification–Project Execution Plan

• M2– Solution Exploration and System Design– System Design Document– Draft System Test Plan

• System Implementation and Testing– System Test Plan, procedures and report– System Prototype and User Guides

Today

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Light-Weight CMMIBriefing ConceptThe Requirements & Engineering Process Areas

RD PI

Val

CustomerTS

Ver

REQMRequirements

Customer needs

Product & product component requirements

Product components, work products, verification and validation reports

Productcomponents

Alternativesolutions

Require-ments

Product

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Light-Weight CMMI

Light-Weight PAsRequirements Development

Purpose

The purpose of Requirements Development is to

produce and analyze customer, product, and

product component requirements.

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Requirements Development (RD)

• SG 1 Develop customer requirements (Use NSC Proposal)– SP 1.1 Elicit needs

– SP 1.2 Develop the customer requirements,

• SG 2 Develop product requirements– SP 2.1 Establish product and product component

requirements

– SP 2.2 Allocate product component requirements

– SP 2.3 Identify interface requirements

• SG 3 Analyze and validate requirements– SP 3.1 Establish operational concepts and scenarios– SP 3.2 Establish a definition of required functionality

– SP 3.3 Analyze requirements

– SP 3.4 Analyze requirements to achieve balance

– SP 3.5 Validate requirements with comprehensive methods

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Requirement Developments

• SP 2-1 - Establish product and product-component requirements

• Based on NSC’s Proposal (Customer Requirements)

• Steps:1. Develop requirements in technical terms necessary

for product and product-component design2. Derive requirements that result from the design

decision• Selection of technology brings with additional

requirements• Work Products: Product requirements, product-

component requirements, derived requirements

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Requirement Developments

• SP 2.2 Allocate Product-component Requirements

1. Allocating requirements to functions2. Allocate requirements to product

components3. Allocate design constraints to product

components• Work Products – Requirements allocation

sheets, relationships among derived requirements

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Requirement Developments

• SP 2.3 Identify Interface Requirements• Steps:1. Identify interfaces both external to the product and

internal to the product2. Develop the requirements for the identified

interfaces

• Work Product: - Interface requirements

System orSubsystems

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Requirement Developments

• SG 3 – Analyze and validate requirements

• Analyzing and validating the requirements with respect to the user’s intended environment

• Development of operational concept

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Requirement Developments• SG 3 – Analyze and validate requirements• SP 3.1 Establish operational concepts and

scenarios

Steps:1. Develop operational concepts and scenarios 2. Define the environment the product will operate

in, including boundaries and constraints3. Develop a detailed operational concepts that

define the interaction of the product, the end users, and the environment, and that satisfy

• Work Product: -Operational concept, use cases, timeline scenarios,

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Requirement Management

The purpose of Requirement Management is to

manage the requirements of the project’s products and

product components and to identify inconsistencies

between those requirements and the project’s plan and

work products.

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Requirement Management (RM)

SG 1 Manage Requirements

SP 1.1 Obtain an Understanding of Requirements

SP 1.2 Obtain Commitment Requirements

SP 1.3 Manage Requirements Changes (See Configuration management (CM))

SP 1.4 Maintain Bi-directional Traceability of

Requirements

SP 1.5 Identify Inconsistencies between Project Work

and Requirements (See Project Monitor and Control)

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Requirement Management

Requirements Must be Documented

• Simple as a memo

• All changes must be documented, tracked, and verified throughout the life cycle.

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Requirement Management

SG1- Manage RequirementsSP 1.1 Understanding the requirements• Establish acceptance criteria for the acceptance

of requirements Examples:– Clearly and properly stated,– complete,– consistent with each others,– uniquely defined, – appropriate to implement,– verifiable, testable,– traceable

• Analyze requirements and meet criteria

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Requirement Management PAKey Points

SP 1.2 Commitment to requirements from the project participants

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Requirement Management PAKey Points

SP 1.3 Manage requirements change

• Configuration management – monitoring and controlling the requirement baseline records and decision Part of CM manage baseline change procedures

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Requirement Management PAKey Points

SP 1.4 – Bidirectional traceability of requirement• Steps:1. Maintain requirements traceability from a

requirement to its derived requirements and allocation to functions, objects, people, processes and work products

2. Maintain horizontal traceability from function to function and across interfaces

3. Generate the requirements traceability matrix• Work products - Requirements Traceability

matrix, requirements tracking system (Web – KM??)

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Requirement Management PAKey Points

SP 1.5 - Identify inconsistencies between requirements and project work/project plans

• PMC activities – progress and milestone reviews

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Stage 1: requirement specification and project execution plan.5.1. Requirement Specification Document

This document should include the following contentsProject ScopeBackground InformationSystem Environment and InterfaceFunctional Requirements (Use Cases)Non-functional Requirements

5.1.1. Project ScopeIt should be a brief statement of system’s objectives, including

What the eventual system will do.What functions will be part of the system.Which users it will service.What will not be part of the system (optional).

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5.1.2. Background InformationIt gives information that will help readers understand the requirements. It should contain References to domain technology documents.References to domain standards .Important issues related to the project (and the rationale for your decisions, if possible).For an academic research project, the decisions for the considered issues might be postponed to the stage for solution exploration. Therefore, associated information can be included into the System Specification and Solution Document.

5.1.3. System Environment and InterfaceIt provides the context in which the target system runs and a global overview of the system. Usually, it includes

Context diagram. System platform specification.Interface to other systems.User interface prototype.

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5.1.4. Functional Requirements

Functional requirements document what services (functions) the target system should offer to the users. Basically, they are presented by a set of use cases. Each use case represents a scenario that some actor could follow to make use of the target system. A use case diagram should be given to illustrate the relationships among all use cases and actors Associated with the target system. Then, each use case is described by the following format:

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5.1.4. Functional Requirements1. Name. Give a short, descriptive name to the use case (verb + [qualified] object).2. Actors. List the actor or actors who can perform this use case.3. Goals. Explain what the actor or actors are trying to achieve.4. Preconditions. Describe the state of the system before the use case occurs by listing any conditions that must be true before an actor can initiate this use case.5. Summary. Summarize what occurs as the actor or actors perform the use case.6. Related use cases. List use cases that may be generalizations, specializations, extensions or inclusions of this one. Identify operational concepts and scenario7. Steps. Describe each step of the use case using a two-column format, with the left column showing the actions taken by the actors, and the right column showing the system’s responses.8. Post conditions. What state is the system in following the completion of this use case.

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.

5.1.5. Non-functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements document any constraints that must be imposed on the design of the system. They should be verifiable and include the following groups of requirements: Constraints for design quality: response time, throughput, resource usage (memory, bandwidth,…), reliability, availability, recovery from failure, allowances for maintainability and enhancement, allowances for reusability, etc. Constraints for system environment and technology: platform, technology to be used, etc.Constraints for project plan and development methods: development process (methodology) to be used, cost and delivery date, etc.

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan ( Example - Use NSC SDH Project)

• Chapter 1 Project Scope– 1.1 Identification (SDH 1.2) 1.2 Overview ( 1.3)– 1.3 System Description (2.1) 1.4 Subsystem A

Description (3.1)– 1.5 Subsystem B Description (4.1) ,

• Chapter 2 Background Information– 2.1 Document Scope (1.4) 2.2 Controlling Document (1.7)– 2.3 Method (1.5)

• Chapter 3 System– 3.1 System Development and Interfaces

» 3.1.1 Context Diagram (Figure 2 Architecture)» 3.1.2 Interface Requirements (2.3)» 3.1.3 Operational Concept and Scenario (2.5)

– 3.2 Functional Requirements (2.2)– 3.3 Non-Functional Requirements (2.6)

» Performance Requirements (2.4)» Safety, reliability, and maintainability requirements, other non-

functional requirements (2.6)

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan (con’t)

• Chapter 4 Subsystem A – 3.1 Subsystem System Development and Interfaces

» 3.1.1 Context Diagram (3.1 Architecture)» 3.1.2 Interface Requirements (3.3)» 3.1.3 Operational Concept and Scenario (3.5)

– 3.2 Functional Requirements (3.2)– 3.3 Non-Functional Requirements

» Performance Requirements (3.4)» Safety, reliability, and maintainability

requirements, other non-functional requirements (3.7 – 3.11)

» Trace Matrix (3.13)• Chapter Y Subsystem X

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan (con’t)

• Chapter N Project Execution Plan– N.1 System

» N.1.1 Success Criteria

» N.1.2 Project Scope (WBS)

» N.1.3 Establish Estimates of Project Attributes

» N.1.4 Project Life Cycle

» N.1.5 Project Schedule

» N.1.6 Resources (Budget, Personnel)

» N.1.7 Risk Management

» N.1.8 Data Management Plan

– N-2 Subsystem A

» N-2-1 Scope (WBS)

» N-2-2 Schedule

» N-2-3 Resources (Budget, Personnel)

» N-2-4 Risk Management

– N-Y Subsystem X

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan (con’t)

• Glossary

• Reference

• Appendixes– Appendix A Configuration Management Plan

– Appendix B Measurement and Analysis Plan

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Exercise (1) Title : Generate Requirement Specification

Time 15 minutes for preparation updated 15 minutes for presentation (5 minutes per group)

InstructionsBreak into groups as determined by the instructor and consider the description of your product requirements under development.As a group based on your previous work,, examine your Customer Requirements and to determine which of the product requirements – Functional, Performance, Interface Requirements and Operational Concepts

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Basic Project Management & Acquisition PAs

PPWhat To Build

What To Do

SAM

PMC

What To Monitor Replan

Plans

Status, issues, resultsof progress and milestone reviews

Product component requirements Technical issuesCompleted product componentsAcceptance reviews and tests

Engineering and Support

process areas

Status, issues, results of process and product evaluations;measures and analyses

Commitments

Measurement needs

Corrective action

Supplier

Supplieragreement

Correctiveaction

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Project Planning

Purpose

The purpose of Project Planning is to establish and

maintain plans that define project activities

Key Involves:

1. Developing a project plan

2. Interacting with stakeholders appropriately

3. Getting commitment the plan

4. Maintaining the plan

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Project Planning (PP)

• SG 1 Establish Estimate– SP 1.1 Estimate the Scope of the Project– SP 1.2 Establish Estimates of work product and task attributes– SP 1.3 Define Project Life Cycle– SP 1.4 Determine Estimates of Effort and Cost

• SG 2 Develop a Project Plan– SP 2.1 Establish the Budget and Schedule– SP 2.2 Identify Project Risks– SP 2.3 Plan for Data Management– SP 2.4 Plan for Project Resources– SP 2.5 Plan for Needed Knowledge and Skills– SP 2.6 Plan Stakeholder Involvement– SP 2.7 Establish the Project Plan

• SG 3 Obtain Commitment the Plan– SP 3.1 Review the plans that affect the project– SP 3.2 Reconcile Work and Resource Levels– SP 3.3 Obtain Plan Commitment

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Project Planning PA

• SG 1 Establish EstimateSP 1.1 – Estimate the scope of the project

• Top Level WBS to serve to structure the initial estimating for estimate the scope of the project

• WBS – Divides the project into a set of manageable component, product-oriented structure

• Work Package – Logical unit of work to be managed

• Effort, schedule and responsibility

• WBS - Estimate Project Task responsibilities and schedule

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WBS Example

• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

XXX-YYY-ZZZ

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Project Planning PA

SP 1.2 – Estimate of the work products and task attributes

• To estimate effort, cost and schedule

• Size and complexity

– Example of Size measure – Function points, line of code, class and objects,

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Project Planning PA

SP 1.3 – Define project life cycle

• Development phase – sub-phases – requirement analysis, design, build, integration, and verification

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Project Life Cycle

• Waterfall Model is well-defined development process in which one phase has to be finished before the next phase.  The model is very simple to use. The model can be used if the requirement is well understood and defined.

• Prototyping Model is the technique which helps designers and users to clarify the requirement of the system.  A throw-away prototype is developed by designers and is evaluated by users.  From feedback of users, designers will understand the system better and improve the prototype.

• Incremental Model.  The designers develop the software in a number of stages and are able to deliver the product early. 

• Spiral Model  is an iterative approach. The model carefully take risks into account.  The designers develop a small part of the project and evaluate the risks.  If the risk is low, designers keeps developing more features.  For each iteration, there are six steps:

1. Determine objectives, alternatives, and constraints. 2. Identify and resolve risks. 3.Evaluate alternatives. 4. Develop deliverables and verify that they are correct. 5. Plan the next iteration. 6. Commit to an approach for the next iteration.

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Project Planning PA

SP 1.4 – Determine estimates of effort and cost

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Project Planning

• SG 2 – Develop a project plan

• SP 2.1 Establish the budget and schedule

• Budget allocation, task complexity, task dependences are addresses

• Schedule assumption and constraints

• Identify major milestones

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Project Planning

• SP 2.2- Identify and analyze (Prioritized) project risks

• Risk identification and analyze including risk priorities (Section of PEP)

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Project Planning

• SP 2.3 – plan for data management

• Determined project data to be identified, collected and distributed

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Project Planning

• SP 2.4 – plan for project resources

• Project resources – labor, machinery/equipments, materials, and methods

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Project Planning

• SP 2.6 – plan stakeholder involvement

• Ensure that relevant stakeholders in the later phases of the life cycle have early input to requirements and design decision that affected them

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Project Planning

• SP 2.7 – Establish the project plan

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Project Planning

• SG 3 – Obtain commitment to the plan

• SP 3.1 - Review plans that affect the project

• Review PEP, QAP, CM, M&A, PMC…etc

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Project Planning

• SP 3.2 - Reconcile work and resource levels

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Project Planning

• SP 3.3 – Obtain plan commitment

• Using WBS and schedules

• Identify commitment on interfaces between elements in the project

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Project Monitoring and Control

Purpose

The purpose of Project Monitoring and Control is to

provide understanding into the project’s progress

so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken

when the project’s performance deviates

significantly from the plan.

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Project Monitoring and Control (PMC)

• SG 1 Monitor Project Against Plan– SP 1.1 Monitor Project Planning Parameters– SP 1.2 Monitor Commitments– SP 1.3 Monitor Project Risks– SP 1.4 Monitor Data Management– SP 1.5 Monitor Stakeholder Involvement– SP 1.6 Conduct Progress Reviews– SP 1.7 Conduct Milestone Reviews

• SG 2 Manage Corrective Action to Closure– SP 2.1 Analyze Issue– SP 2.2 Take Corrective Action– SP 2.3 Manage Corrective Action

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Project Monitor and Control PAKey Points

SG 1 – Monitor Project against Plan• SP 1.6 – Conduct progress reviews• Can be informed review, internal reviews• Each review may identify different issues• Project performance measure – schedules,

effort, deviations from plan• Review with staff, project engineers and

support, management, key suppliers• Identify and document significant issues and

deviation from the plan

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Project Monitor and Control PAKey Points

SG 1 – Monitor Project against Plan• SP 1.7 – Conduct milestone reviews• PMC Plan identify project’s milestones

• Milestone reviews are planned during project planning and typically formal reviews

• Define criteria and review the commitment plans, status, and risk of the project

• Identify significant issues and their impacts• Action Items and tracking• , External expert involved

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Project Monitor and Control PAKey Points

SG 2 – Manage corrective actions to closure

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Level 2 Support Process Areas

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Measurement and Analysis

Purpose

The purpose of Measurement and Analysis is to

develop and sustain a measurement capability that

is used to support management information needs

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Measurement and Analysis (MA)

• SG 1 Align Measurement and Analysis Activities

– SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives– SP 1.2 Specify Measures– SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures– SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures

• SG 2 Provide Measurement Results– SP 2.1 Collect Measurement Data– SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data– SP 2.3 Store Data and Results– SP 2.4 Communicate Results

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Measurement and Analysis PAKey Points

• SG 1 – Align measurement and analysis activities

• SP 1.2 - Specify measures to address measurement objectives

• Base data – base measures , by direct measurement . Examples – Schedule And Progress

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Measurement and Analysis PAKey Points

• SG 2 – Provide measurement results• SP 2.1 - Collect measure data • Obtain the data for measure

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Project Measurement & AnalysisProject Measurement & Analysis

• measurement indicators

– Schedule & Progress

• MA status : MA monthly report with PMC Progress Review (June 、 July)

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Process and Product Quality Assurance

Purpose

The purpose of Process and Product Quality

Assurance is to provide staff and management with

objective insight into the processes and associated

work products

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Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)

• SG 1 Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products– SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes

– SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products and Services

• SG 2 Provide Objective Insight– SP 2.1 Communicate and Ensure Resolution of Non-

compliance Issues

– SP 2.2 Establish Records

Remark: NSC Reviewer will perform these functions

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Configuration Management Purpose

Purpose

The purpose of Configuration Management is to establish and maintain the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.

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Configuration Management (CM)

• SG 1 Establish Baselines

– SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items– SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management System

– SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines

• SG 2 Track and Control Changes– SP 2.1 Track Changes Requests

– SP 2.2 Control Changes Items

• SG 3 Establish Integrity– SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records

– SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits

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Configuration Management PA

• SG 1 – Establish baselines of identified work products

• SP 1.1 – Identify configuration items, components, and related work product

• Select the CIs and the work products that compose them based documented criteria

• Critical for the project (Life cycle major work products)

• Assign unique identifiers to CIs

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Configuration Management PA

• SG 1 – Establish baselines of identified work products

• SP 1.3 – Create or release baselines (Internal use and for delivery to customers)

• Baselines can be changed only through change control procedures

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Configuration Management PAKey Points

• SG 2 – Track and control change

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Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management

• Develop CM Plan for Prototype

– Defining Configuration Items

– Define Access & Maintenance Rules

– Define Baseline Creation, Release, & Change Rules for Version Control

– Record CM activities

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5.1.6. Project Execution PlanIt should contain the following information:

1. Project Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), schedule and milestones. 2. Give reasonable deadlines for completion of tasks. Project 2000 or3. similar formats should be adopted.2. Resources:

a. Budgetb. Personnel

3. Risk Management. Describe the risks and difficulties expected to be most critical to the project, or to specific subsystems. The management strategies for the mentioned risks should also be described.The project execution plan could be described in a nested manner, that is, each subsystem could be described with the same format.

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan (con’t)

• Chapter N Project Execution Plan (Related to SDH PEP)– N.1 System

» N.1.1 Success Criteria (SDH 1.1)

» N.1.2 Project Scope (WBS) (1.2)

» N.1.3 Establish Estimates of Project Attributes (1.3)

» N.1.4 Project Life Cycle (1.4)

» N.1.5 Project Schedule (1.5)

» N.1.6 Resources (Budget, Personnel) (1.6)

» N.1.7 Risk Management (1.7)

» N.1.8 Data Management Plan (1.8)

– N-2 Subsystem A

» N-2-1 Scope (WBS) (2.10

» N-2-2 Schedule (2.2)

» N-2-3 Resources (Budget, Personnel) (2.3)

» N-2-4 Risk Management (2.4)

– N-Y Subsystem X

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Requirement Specification and Project Execution Plan (con’t)

• Glossary

• Reference

• Appendixes– Appendix A Configuration Management Plan (Appendix

A))

– Appendix B Measurement and Analysis Plan (Appendix B)

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Exercise (2) Title : Generate Project Execution Plan (PEP)

Time 15 minutes for preparation updated 15 minutes for presentation (5 minutes per group)

InstructionsBreak into groups as determined by the instructor and consider the description of your project execution Plans under development.As a group based on your previous work,, examine your Requirements and to determine which of the project planning such as WBS, Work Packages, Tasks, Schedule Resources,…etc

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Q & AQ & A