CrimPro Codal Memory Aid Finals

7/28/2019 CrimPro Codal Memory Aid Finals

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IMPOSSIBRUNOTESIICrimProMemoryAid By:JamesFrancisVillanueva Ughlife. Atty.Salvador FrancisXavierRazon

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RULE110PROSECUTIONOFOFFENSESSec1Institutionofcriminalactions

1) Offenseswhereapreliminaryinvestigationisrequired(Sec1Rule112)o Filingthecomplainttotheproperofficerpurposeofconductingthe

requisitepreliminaryinvestigation

2) Allotheroffenseso MTCandMCTCorofficeoftheprosecutor

o Inmanilaandothercharteredcitiesofficeoftheprosecutor(unlessotherwiseprovided)

Institutionofthecriminalactioninterrupttherunningoftheperiodofprescription

(unlessotherwiseprovidedbyspeciallaws)

IMPOSSIVIEW:Institutionofcriminalactions

1. Ifthecrimeiscommittedinacharteredcity(noneedtodistinguish)

a. Officeoftheprosecutor2. Ifthecrimeiscommittedoutsideacharteredcity(needtodistinguish)

a. IfPreliminaryinvestigationifrequiredi. Officeoftheprosecutor

b. Ifpreliminaryinvestigationisnotrequiredi. MTCii. Officeoftheprosecutor(noprohibition)

Onlyaprosecutororombudsmanmayconductpreliminaryinvestigations

Interruptionofprescription

1. Ordinarycrimesfilingbeforetheofficeoftheprosecutor2. Speciallaws (Act3326)filingincourt

a. Exception(s):BP22,Anti-graft,intellectualproperty(filingforPI)supportedbyjurisprudence

Sec2ComplaintorInformation

1) Shallbeinwriting2) InthenameofthePeopleofthePhilippinesvs.theaccused

Sec3Complaintdefined

Complaintswornwrittenstatementchargingapersonwithanoffense Subscribedbythe:

1) Offendedparty2) Anypeaceofficer3) Otherpublicofficer(chargedwiththeenforcementofthelawviolated)(public

offense)

Sec4Informationdefined

Informationaccusationinwritingchargingapersonwithanoffense Subscribedbythe:

1) Prosecutor

2) Filedwiththecourt

Sec5Whomustprosecutecriminalactions

- Allcriminalactionscommencedbyacomplaintorinformationprosecutedunderthedirectionandcontroloftheprosecutor

- Incaseofheavyworkscheduleorlackofpublicprosecutorso PrivateprosecutorsauthorizedinwritingbytheChiefofProsecution

Office.ortheRegionalStateProsecutionSubjecttotheapprovalofthe

Court

Continueuptotheendofthetrialevenintheabsenceofapublic

prosecutor(unlessrevoked/withdrawn)

- CrimesofAdulteryandConcubinage,maybefiledbythe:1) Offendedspousecannotinstitutecriminalprosecutionwithoutincludingthe

guiltypartiesif:

o Botharealiveo Hasnotconsentedo

Hasnotpardonedtheoffenders- OffensesofSeduction,AbductionandActsofLasciviousness,maybefiledbythe:(inorder)

1) Offendedparty

2) Parents3) Grandparents

4) Guardian

5) State(offendedpartydies/incapacitatedandhasnoknownparents/grandparents/guardian)

Minorhastherighttoinitiatetheprosecutionofsuchoffensesindependentlyof

herparents/grandparents/guardian( unlessincompetent/incapable)

- CrimeofDefamation,maybefiledbythe:1) Offendedparty

IMPOSSIVIEW:

PublicProsecutorhasthecontroloftheconductofthecriminalcase

DOJhasthepowertoreviewthediscretionarypowersoftheprosecutor(Petitionforreview15days

fromreceiptofresolutionordenialofMR)

CAmayreviewthedecisionoftheDOJ(Rule65GADALEJ)ortotheOfficeofthePresident(ifit

involvespenaltiesofdeath,RP,orLifeimprisonment)

DutiestheProsecutor

1. ConductPreliminaryInvestigation

2. Inchargeorincontrolovertheprosecutionofthecase3. Mayconductinquestproceedings


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Privateprosecutorcannotproceedwiththetrialintheabsenceofthepublicprosecutorreset

ofproceedings

Certificationfromthechiefofprosecutionoffice/regionalstateprosecutor/regionalprosecutor

allowtheprivateprosecutortoproceedevenintheabsenceofapublicprosecutor

Sec6Sufficiencyofcomplaintorinformation(MEMORIZE)Thefollowingmustbestated:

1) Nameoftheaccused2) Designationoftheoffensegivenbythestatute

3) Actsoromissionscomplainedof4) Nameoftheoffendedparty5) Approximatedateofcommission6) Placewheretheoffensewascommitted

Sec7NameoftheaccusedThecomplaintorinformationmuststatethe:

1) NameandSurname2) AppellationorNickname3) Fictitiousname(namecannotbeascertained)

Ifthetruenameisthereafterdisclosed,itshallbeinserted

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Appellationmustbethenameofthepersonknowntothepublic

FictitiousnameJohn/JaneDoe

Sec8DesignationoftheoffenseThecomplaintorinformationshallstatethe:

1) Designationoftheoffensegivenbythestatute(ex.Violationofsec.2ofPD123)

2) Avertheactsoromissionsconstitutingtheoffense3) Specifyitsqualifyingandaggravatingcircumstances

Ifthereisnodesignation,referenceshallbemadetothesec/sub-secofthestatute

punishingit

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Aggravating(evengeneric)andqualifyingcircumstancesmustbealleged

Mitigatingcircumstancesitisuptothedefendanttoallegesuchcircumstances

Theresnoneedtoallegetheexactwordingofthelawallthatisrequiredbythelawisa

statementthatfallswithinsuchaggravating,genericorqualifyingcircumstances

Sec9Causeoftheaccusation

ActsorOmissionsandtheQualifyingandAggravatingcircumstancemustbestatedin ordinaryand

conciselanguageintermssufficienttoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhat

offenseisbeingchargedaswellasitsqualifyingandaggravatingcircumstancesandforthecourtto

pronouncejudgment

Sec10Placeofcommissionoftheoffense

1) Wheretheoffensewascommitted2) Wheresomeofitsessentialingredientsoccurred

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Anapproximationwillsufficeunlesstheplaceofcommissionisamaterialelementoftheoffense

Sec11DateofcommissionoftheoffenseItisnotnecessarytostatetheprecisedatedtheoffensewascommitted(exceptwhenitisa

materialingredientoftheoffense)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

SometimeinthemonthofApril1998valid

OnoraboutMay1998valid

Onorabout2004invalidpossibilitiesaresohuge(1992,1994,2003,etc.)thereshouldbe

somelimitations

Sec12Nameoftheoffendedparty

1) NameandSurnameo Juridicalpersonsufficienttostateanynameordesignation(without

needofaverringthatitisorganizedinaccordancewithlaw)

2) Property(Ifthenameoftheoffendedpartyisunknown)mustbedescribedastoproperlyidentifytheoffensescharged

3) AppellationorNickname4) Fictitiousname

Sec13Duplicityoftheoffense

ComplaintorInformationmustchargeONLYONEoffense(exceptwhenthelawprescribesasingle

punishmentforvariousoffenses)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

GR:Everyinformationmustchargeonlyoneoffense

E:whenthereisasinglepunishmentforvariousoffenses(ex.Complexcrimes)

Suchdefectmaybewaivediftherewasnoobjectiononthepartoftheaccused(Sec3Rule120)

Sec14AmendmentorSubstitution

1) Amendmentbeforeaccusedentershispleao Withoutleaveofcourt

o Insubstanceo Inform

2) FormalAmendmentafterpleaandduringtrial

o Withleaveofcourt

o Withoutprejudicetotherightsoftheaccused3) Amendmentbeforepleawhichdowngradesthenatureoftheoffenseor

excludesanyaccused

o Motionbyprosecutor o Noticetotheoffendedparty o Leaveofcourt

4) Mistake(beforejudgment)


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o Thecourtshalldismisstheoriginalcomplaintorinformationuponfilinga

newonechargingtheproperoffenseinaccordancewithSec19Rule119(mustnotbeplacedindoublejeopardy)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Amendmentsaslongasitwillnotprejudicetherightsoftheaccused

1. Beforeplea

a. Formb. Substance

2. Afterpleaa. Form

SubstantialAmendmentsconsistsoftherecitaloffactsconstitutingtheoffensechargedand

determinativeofthejurisdictionofthecourt

FormalAmendments

1. Newallegationswhichrelatesonlytotherangeofpenaltythecourtmightimposeinthecourseoftheconviction(didnotchangetheimposablepenaltybutmerelytherange)

2. Amendmentswhichdoesnotchargeanotheroffensedifferentordistinctfromthatchargedintheoriginalone

3. Additionalallegationswhichdonotaltertheprosecutionstheoryandwillnotsurprisetheaccused4. Amendmentswhichdonotadverselyaffectanysubstantialrightoftheaccused5. Amendmentsthatmerelyaddsspecificationstoeliminatevaguenessoftheinformation

InstanceswherethecourtmayorderforanamendmentwithoutamotiontoamendunderRule10

1. Whenthereisamotionforbillofparticulars2. FilingofamotiontodismissunderRule16

MotiontoExcludetoexcludeanaccusedevenbeforeanaccusedpleastoexcludehim

Mustbefiledbeforeplea

SubstitutionofInformationitiswhentheprosecutionisconvincedthatitwouldnotbeabletoconvictortocausetheconvictionoftheaccused

MotiontoQuashvMotiontoDismissMotiontoQUASH MotiontoDISMISS

Filedatanytimebeforetheaccusedpleasina

CRIMINALcase

Filedbeforeananswerwithinthereglamentaryperiodtofile

ananswerinaCIVILcase

Mustbeinwriting(canbesignedbytheaccused

himselforbycounsel

Mustbeinwriting

Ifgrantedthecasemaybere-filedExcept:

1. Extinguishmentofcrime2. Prescription3. Doublejeopardy

Ifgranted(Rule16)thecasemaybere-filedExcept:

1. Resjudicata2. Statuteoflimitations3. Payment/waiver/abandonmentor

extinguishmentofobligation4. Unenforceable(SoF)

Ifdenied(LazartevSB)notcorrectibleby

certioraributtogototrialwithoutprejudicetoreiteratingthespecialdefenses

Objectionsnotraisedisdeemedawaiver

Except:

1. Lackofjurisdiction2. Prescription3. Doublejeopardy

Objectionsnotraisedisdeemedawaiver

Sec15Placewhereactionistobeinstituted

1) Subjecttoexistinglaws

o Wheretheoffensewascommittedo Whereanyofitsessentialingredientsoccurred

2) Train/Aircraft/PublicorPrivateVehicle

o Whereitpassedduringitstrip

o Placeofarrivalo Placeofdeparture

3) Vesselo 1stportofentryo Whereitpassedduringitsvoyage

4) Art2RPCo Wherethecriminalactionis1stfiled

IMPOSSIVIEW:Otherexceptionstotherulethatvenueisjurisdictional

1. ViolationoftheHumanSecurityAct(actsofterrorism)2. CrimesoroffensesagainstFilipinocitizensthoughcommittedoutsidethePhilippines

3. OffensesagainstdiplomaticofficersoroffensescommittedwithindiplomaticpremisesofthePhilippinesthoughcommittedoutsidethePhilippines

Sec16Interventionoftheoffendedpartyincriminalaction

Civilactionforrecoveryofcivilliabilityisinstitutedinthecriminalactionpursuantto

Rule111theoffendedpartymayintervenebycounselintheprosecutionoftheoffense

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Whenaprivateprosecutorentershisappearanceforthe civilliabilityoftheoffendedparty

interventioninacriminalcaseMotionforinterventionCAorSCsubjecttotheirdiscretionwhethertoentertainitornot

Leaveofcourtisrequired

Motionforinterventionincivilcases(Sec2Rule19)beforetherenditionofjudgmentinthetrialcourt


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RULE111PROSECUTIONOFCIVILACTIONSec1Institutionofcriminalandcivilactions

Criminalactionisinstitutedcivilactionarisingfromcivilliabilitydeemedinstitutedwiththecriminalactionunless :

1) Waivesthecivilaction

2) Reservestherighttoinstituteitseparatelyshallbemadebeforetheprosecutionstartspresentingitsevidence(beforetheprosecutionpresentsevidencesandunderthe

circumstancesaffordingtheoffendedpartyareasonableopportunitytomakesuch

reservation)3) Institutesthecivilactionpriortothecriminalaction

IMPOSSIVIEW:

RulesonFilingFees

1) Moral/nominal/temperate/exemplarydamages(w/outspecifyingtheamountthereof)filingfees1stlienonthejudgmentawardingsuchdamages

2) Amountofdamagesisspecifiedcorrespondingfilingfeesshallbepaiduponfilingincourt

3) Actualdamagesnofilingfeesrequired(exceptasprovidedintheserules)Counterclaim,cross-claimor3rdpartyclaimcannotbefiledbytheaccusedinthe

criminalcase- Anycauseofactionw/ccouldhavebeenthesubjectthereofseparatecivilaction

ViolationsofBP22

- Deemedtoincludethecorrespondingcivilaction- Noreservationtofilecivilactionseparatelyshallbeallowed- Filingfeesbasedonalldamagessothatthegovernmentwouldnotbeusedasa

collectionarm(moral,exemplary,nominal,temperate,actual,andliquidated)

- Summaryprocedure(nodirectexaminationbutsubmissionofjudicialaffidavits,subjecttocross-examination)

Civilactionfiledseparatelyandtrialthereofhasnotyetcommencedmaybeconsolidatedwiththe

criminalactionjoinderofactions/consolidation

Sec2Whenseparatecivilactionissuspended

- Separatecivilaction suspendedafterthecriminalactioncommences(cannotbeinstituteduntilfinaljudgmentofthecriminalaction )

o Iffiledbeforethecriminalactionsuspendedinwhateverstageitmaybefound

- Consolidation(beforejudgmentonthemeritsisrenderedinthecivilaction)

o Uponthemotionoftheoffendedparty

o Evidenceadducedinthecivilaction shallbedeemedautomaticallyreproducedinthecriminalaction(withoutprejudicetocross-examinethe

witnesses)

o Triedanddecidedjointly- Prescriptionofcivilaction(pendencyofthecriminalaction)tolled- ExtinctionofpenalactiondoesNOTcarrywithittheextinctionofthecivilaction- Civilactionbasedondelictextinguishedfindinginafinaljudgmentinthe

criminalactionthattheactoromissionfromw/cthecivilliabilitymayarisedidnotexist

Sec3Whencivilactionmayproceedindependently

Independentcivilactionshallproceedandonlypreponderanceofevidencesisrequiredunderthefollowing:

1) Art32violationofbasicrightsandlibertiesindicatedtherein

2) Art33casesoffraud,defamationandphysicalinjuries3) Art34whenacity/municipalpoliceforcerefuses/failstorenderaid/protectionto

anypersonincasedangertolifeorproperty

4) Art2176quasi-delicts criminalactionNOsubstitutionInnocasemaytheoffendedpartyrecoverthedamages twiceforthesameactoromissionchargedinthecriminalaction

Sec4Effectofdeathoncivilactions

1) DeathoftheaccusedAFTERarraignmentandduringthependencyofthecriminalaction

a. Extinguishcriminalactionandcivilliabilityarisingfromdelict

b. Independentcivilactionmaybecontinuedagainsttheestate/legalrepresentativeoftheaccused(substitutionofapartytothecasewithin30days

fromnoticecaptionedasacivilcasearisingfromacriminalaction)

i. Arisingfromotherobligations:

1. Law2. Contract3. Quasi-delict

4. Quasi-contract2) DeathBEFOREarraignment

a. ExtinguishmentofthecriminalactionONLYb. Withoutprejudicetoanycivilactionagainsttheestateofthedeceased

Sec5Judgmentincivilactionnotabar

- FinaljudgmentrenderedinacivilactionabsolvingthedefendantfromcivilliabilityNOTabartoacriminalactionforthesameactoromissionsubjectofthecivilaction

Sec6Suspensionbyreasonprejudicialquestion

- Petitionforsuspensionofcriminalactionbaseduponaprejudicialquestion

o Filedintheofficeoftheprosecutoror;o Courtconductingpreliminaryinvestigationbeforetheprosecutionrests

itscase

IMPOSSIVIEW:2opportunitiestofileasuspension

1. Beforetheprosecutorconductspreliminaryinvestigation2. Incourtbeforetheprosecutionrestsitscase

Sec7Elementsofprejudicialquestion

1) Previouslyinstitutedcivilaction2) Issuesimilarandintimatelyrelatedtotheissueraisedinthesubsequentcriminalaction3) Resolutionofsuchdetermineswhetherornotthecriminalactionmayproceed


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IMPOSSIVIEW:

Foraprejudicialquestioninacivilcasetosuspendacriminalaction,itmustappearthatnotonlythe

saidcaseinvolvesfactsintimatelyrelatedtothoseofthecriminalprosecution,butitshouldalso

establishtheguiltorinnocenceoftheaccused(Majestradov.People)

Acquittalthatdoesnotbaracivilaction(NuiguidvNicdao)

1. Acquittalisbasedonreasonabledoubt,asonlypreponderanceofevidenceisrequiredincivilcases

2. Wherethecourtdeclaredtheaccusedsliabilityisnotcriminalbutonlycivil3. Wherethecivilliabilitydoesnotariseorisnotbaseduponthecriminalactofwhichthe

accusedwasnotacquitted

RULE112PRELIMINARYINVESTIGATIONSec1Preliminaryinvestigationdefined;whenrequire

- Preliminaryinvestigation

o Inquiryorproceedingtodeterminewhetherthereissufficientgroundtobelievethatthecrimehasbeencommittedandtherespondentis

probablyguiltyandshouldbeheldfortrialo 4yrs2mos&1daywithoutregardtothefine

IMPOSSIVIEW:

RTCpreliminaryinvestigation:exceeding6yrs

MTCpreliminaryinvestigation:4yrs2mos&1dayto6yrs

Sec2Officersauthorizedtoconductpreliminaryinvestigation

1) Provincialorcityprosecutorsandtheirassistants2) Nationalandregionalstateprosecutors3) Otherofficersthatmaybeauthorizedbylaw

Sec3Procedure

Thepreliminaryinvestigationshallbeconducted: Complaint

- Form:(Sec3-A)o Addressoftherespondento Affidavitsofthecomplainantandhiswitnesses

o Othersupportingdocumentstoestablishprobablecauseo Copies:no.ofrespondents+2copiesfortheoriginalfile

- Procedure:

o Subscribedandswornbeforeany:(mustcertifythathepersonallyexaminedtheaffiantsandsatisfiedthathevoluntarilyexecutedand

understoodtheiraffidavits)

Prosecutor Governmentofficialauthorizedtoadministeroath

Notarypublic

o Within10daysafterfilingthecomplaint

Investigatingofficer

Dismissnogroundtocontinue

Issueasubpoenaattachingthecomplaintandsupportingaffidavits

Respondent

Righttoexaminetheevidences(nothavebeen

furnishedathisexpense)

Complainantevidenceisvoluminous

Berequiredtospecifythosewhichheintendstopresent

Objectsasevidencemayberequestedatforexamination,

copyingorphotographing

o Within10daysfromthereceiptofthesubpoena

Respondent

Submithiscounter-affidavit(subscribedandswornand shallnotbeallowedtofileamotiontodismissinlieuofacounter-affidavit)

Witnesses

Supportingdocuments

o IfRespondentcannotbesubpoenadorifsubpoenaddoesnotsubmit

counter-affidavitswithinthe10dayperiod


Resolvethecomplaintbasedontheevidences

presentedbythecomplainanto Within10daysfromthesubmissionofthecounter-affidavitsand

otherdocuments


Setahearingforclarifyingthefactsandissuesfromaparty/witness

Withouttherighttoexamine/cross-examine

Terminatedwithin5days

o Within10daysaftertheinvestigation Investigatingofficer

Determinewhetherornotthereissufficientgroundtoholdtherespondentfortrial

Sec4Resolutionofinvestigatingprosecutoranditsreview

- ResolutionandinformationoftheINVESTIGATINGPROSECUTORo Certifyunderoaththathe/authorizedofficer

Personallyexaminedthecomplainantandwitnesses

Reasonablegroundtobelievethatacrimehasbeencommittedandtheaccusedisprobablyguiltythereof

Accusedwasinformedofthecomplaintandoftheevidence

againsthim

Opportunitytosubmitcontrovertingevidences

o Within5daysfromhisresolution Forwardtherecordofthecasetothe:(actwithin10days)

Provincial/cityprosecutor

Chiefstateprosecutor

Ombudsmanorhisdeputy

Nocomplaint/informationmaybefiled/dismissed

withoutauthorityoftheonesprovidedabove


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o Investigatingprosecutorrecommendsthedismissalofthecomplaint Ifdisapprovedbytheonesabove(probablecauseexists)

Fileinformationhimself,or

Directassistantprosecutor/stateprosecutortofile

WITHOUTanotherpreliminaryinvestigation

o Reverses/ModificationsbytheDOJ

Sec.ofJustice

Directtheprosecutorconcernedtofilethe

correspondinginformation(withoutanotherpreliminaryinvestigation),or

Dismiss/movefordismissalofthecomplaintwithnoticetotheparties

Sec5Whenwarrantofarrestmayissue

- RTC(Sec5-A)o Within10daysfromthefilingofthecomplaint

Judge

Personallyevaluatetheresolutionoftheprosecutor

Noprobablecausedismiss

Probablecauseissueawarrantorcommitment

order

o Doubtontheexistenceofprobablecause Judge

Ordertheprosecutortopresentadditionalevidences

(within5daysfromnotice)

Mustberesolvedbythecourtwithin30daysfrom

filing

- MTCo PreliminaryinvestigationbyaPROSECUTOR

IssuanceofwarrantinaccordancetoSec5-Ao Casesnotrequiringpreliminaryinvestigation(Sec8)

Issuanceofwarrantarrest(discretion) Summons

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Rulesonsummaryprocedure

GR:MTCwillnotissueawarrantofarrestE:despiterepeatednoticesfailuretoappearduringtrial

Whenwarrantofarrestnotnecessary

1. Accusedisalreadyunderdetention2. Whenlawfullyarrestedwithoutwarrant(Sec5Rule113)3. Offensepenalizedwithfineonly

Sec6Whenaccusedlawfullyarrestedwithoutwarrant

- Whenlawfullyarrestedwithoutawarrantinvolvinganoffensewhichrequiresa

preliminaryinvestigation

o Maybefiledwithoutinvestigation

o Inquestmustbeconducted

- AbsenceorunavailabilityofanINQUESTPROSECUTORcomplaintmaybefiled

directlyby:

o Offendedpartyo Peaceofficer

- BEFOREthecomplaintisfiledo Personarrested

Requestforpreliminaryinvestigation

Signawaiver(Art125RPC)inthepresenceofhiscounsel

Applyforbailinvestigationmustbeterminatedwithin15daysfrominception

- AFTERthecomplaintisfiledwithoutinvestigationo Accusedwithin5daysfromknowledgeoffiling

Askforpreliminaryinvestigation Righttoadduceevidences

IMPOSSIVIEW:Inquestvalidwarrantlessarrestforoffensesthatrequirespreliminaryinvestigation

Isnotthesamewithpreliminaryinvestigationnotadeterminationofprobablecause

Inquestprosecutorwilldecidewhattodo

o Detain

o Releaseforfurtherpreliminaryinvestigation( theaffidavitofthearrestingofficerwilltakeplaceoftheaffidavit-complaint)

Sec7Records

- Recordssupportingtheinformationorcomplaint

o Information/complaintfiledincourtshallbesupportedbythe affidavitsandcounter-affidavitsofthepartiesandtheirwitnesses+supporting

documents+resolutiononthecase

- Recordofpreliminaryinvestigationo Shallnotformpartoftherecordofthecaseo Court/motionofanypartyordertheproductionoftherecord

Necessaryintheresolution Introducedasevidence

Sec8Casesnotrequiringapreliminaryinvestigationnorcoveredbytheruleonsummary

procedure

- Iffiledwiththeprosecutor(offenseLESSTHAN4yrs2mos1day)

o Actwithin10daysfromfiling

o Sec3-Aofthisrule- IffiledwiththeMTC

o Actwithin10daysfromfiling

o Sec3-Aofthisruleo Noprobablecausedismisso Mayrequireadditionalevidencewithin10daysfromnoticeo Ifnonecessityforarrestsummons


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IMPOSSIVIEW:

IllustrationofRule112PreliminaryInvestigation

c/o:DanielDarvin

COMMISSION OF

THE CRIME

Not Arrested

POLICEINVESTIGATION

Examination of theComplainant and the

Witnesses if any

COMPLAINT

Filed before theProsecutors Office

PRELIMINARYINVESTIGATION

Case Remanded

DISMISSED!Issuance of

SUB POENAagainst the suspect

Respondent submits hisnotarized

COUNTERAFFIDAVIT

w/ affidavits andsupporting documents

DISMISSAL!

PROBABLE CAUSE!Submitted forApproval of theCity / Provincial

Prosecutor

Filing of theINFORMATION

before the Court

Judge conducts aPreliminary

Examination orPreliminary Inquiry

DISMISSAL!

Issuance of aWARRANT OF

ARRESTor

COMMITMENT

ORDER

Remand toProsecutors Office

Execution of theWarrant of Arrest

Accused is takeninto custody

ARRAIGNMENT

PRE-TRIAL

TRIAL PROPERJUDGMENT

Valid WarrantlessArrest

INQUESTInquestReport


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RULE113ARRESTSec1Definitionofarrest

Arresttakingofapersonintocustodyinorderthathemaybeboundtoanswerforthecommission

ofanoffense

IMPOSSIVIEW:JuvenileandWelfareActof2006&RulesoftheSConChildinConflictwiththeLaw

1. Below15yrsofage-exemptfromcriminalliability2. Above15&below18(withoutdiscernment)-exemptfromcriminalliability3. Above15&below18(withdiscernment)-diversion(methodofconciliation,mediation

andrehabilitatingtheaccused)

a. Offensebelow6yrs-barangayb. Offenseexceeding6yrscourt

Determinedbytheageatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffense

Sec2Arrest;howmade

1) Actualrestraintofthepersonbeingarrested2) Submissiontothecustodyofthepersonmakingthearrest

Noviolenceorunnecessaryforceshallbeusedinmakinganarrestshallnotbesubjectedtoagreaterrestraintthannecessaryforhisdetention

Sec3Dutyofthearrestingofficer

Toarrestanddeliverhimtothenearestpolicestation/jailwithoutunnecessarydelay

Sec4Executionofwarrant

- Headoftheofficetowhomthewarrantofarrestwasdeliveredo Executewithin10daysfromitsreceipt

- Within10daysaftertheexpirationoftheperiod

o Officertowhomitwasassignedshallmakeareporttothejudgewhoissuedthewarrant

Sec5Arrestwithoutawarrant;whenlawful

- Anypeaceofficerorprivatepersonmayarrestwithoutawarrant:

o Inflagrantedelictoitmustbecommittedinhispresence o Hotpursuithemusthavepersonalknowledgeofthefactsand

circumstancesofprobablecause(appliesonlytocrimesthathasjustbeen

committed)o Fugitivehecanbearrestedwithoutawarrant

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Probablecausefactsandcircumstanceswhichwouldleadareasonablyprudentmantobelieve

thatacrimehasjustbeencommittedorisbeingcommittedorisabouttobecommittedbytheperson

beingaccused

Sec6Timeofmakingarrest

Any day atany timeof thedayornight

Sec7Methodofarrestbyofficerbyvirtueofawarrant

- Officershallinformthepersontobearrestedofthe causeofarrestandthefactthatawarranthasbeenissuedforhisarrest,except:

o Fleesorforciblyresistsarresto Givinginformationwillimperilthearrest

- TheofficerNEEDNOThavethewarrantinhispossessionatthetimeofarresto Afterarrest(uponrequestofpersonarrested)showthewarrantassoon

aspracticable

Sec8Methodofarrestbyofficerwithoutawarrant

- OFFICERshallinformthepersonofhisauthorityandthecauseforhisarrest,except

o Engagedinthecommissionofanoffense

o Pursuedimmediatelyaftercommission

o Escaped,fleesorforciblyresistso Givingtheinformationwillimperilthearrest

Sec9Methodofarrestbyprivateperson

- PRIVATEPERSONshallinformthepersonofhisauthorityandthecauseforhis

arrest,excepto Engagedinthecommissionofanoffense

o Pursuedimmediatelyaftercommissiono Escaped,fleesorforciblyresists

o Givingtheinformationwillimperilthearrest

Sec10Officermaysummonassistance

- Officermakingalawfularrestmayorallysummonasmanypersonsashedeemsnecessarytoassisthimineffectingthearrest

- Everypersonsummonedshallassisthimineffectingthearrestwhenhecanrendersuchassistancewithoutdetriment

Sec11Rightofofficertobreakintobuildingorenclosure

- AnofficerinordertomakeanarrestbyvirtueofawarrantorSec5o Maybreakintoanybuilding/enclosurewherethepersonistobearrested

ifheisrefusedadmittancethereto(afterannouncingauthorityandpurpose)

Sec12Righttobreakoutfrombuildingorenclosure

- Theofficerwhoenteredthebuilding/enclosuremaybreakouttherefromwhennecessarytoliberatehimself

Sec13Arrestafterescapeorrescue

- Ifpersonlawfullyarrestedescapesorisrescued anypersonmayimmediatelypursueorretakehimwithoutawarrantatanytimeandinanyday(fugitive)


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Sec14Rightofattorneyorrelativetovisitpersonarrested

- AnymemberofthePhilippinebarorarelative(atrequest)shallhavetherighttovisitandconferprivatelywithsuchpersoninthejailoranyplaceofcustody

o Atanyhourofthedayornight

o Subjecttoreasonableregulations

RULE114BAIL Sec1Baildefined

Bailisthesecuritygivenforthereleaseofapersonincustodyofthelaw,furnishedby:

1. Him2. Bondsman

Guaranteehisappearancebeforeanycourtasrequiredundertheconditionshereinafter

specified

Kindsofbail

1. Corporatesurety

2. Propertybond

3. Cashdeposit4. Recognizance

IMPOSSIVIEW:

1. Validwarrantlessarrest(inquest)a. YouCANNOTapplyforbailifyouaresubjectedtoanINQUESTpre-mature

application

i. Theprosecutorwillstilllookonthearrestreportandtheaffidavitofthearrestingofficerreleaseforfurtherpreliminaryinvestigation

ordetention

ii. IfsubjectedtodetentionBAIL2. Arrestbyvirtueofawarrant

a. GR:foraslongasthereisdeprivationoflibertyBAIL(constitutionalright)b. E:non-bailableoffenses

ArraignmentisNOTaprerequisitetoanapplicationofbail(SerapiovSandiganbayan)

KindsofBails

1. Cashbond(Sec14)a. Itwillbereturnedif:

i. Acquittedii. Dismissediii. Convictedbutnocivilliability(ifcashbondistobeappliedtocover

thecivilliability)

b. Thelawyerisnotentitledtothecashbond c. Mustbeofthefullamount

2. Suretybond(Sec10)bondissuedbyasuretycompany

a. TheaccusedmustonlypayaPREMIUMtosuchcompanyanditmustbe

RENEWEDannually

b. MustbeaccreditedbytheSC3. Propertybond(Sec11)

a. TheownerMUSTbearesidentofthePhilippines(IMPORTANT)4. Recognizance(Sec15)

Note:youdoNOTneedaCERTIFICATIONOFARRESTtobeabletoapplyforbailamountsto

voluntarysurrenderSec2Conditionofthebail;requirements

1. Theundertakingshallbeeffectiveuponapproval,andunlesscancelledshallremainin

forceatallstagesofthecaseuntilpromulgationofthe judgmentoftheRTC(irrespective

ofwhetherthecasewasoriginallyfiledinorappealedtoit)

2. Theaccusedshallappearbeforethepropercourtwheneverrequiredbythecourtortheserules

a. Thefailureoftheaccusedtoappearatthetrialwithoutjustificationanddespiteduenoticedeemedawaiverofhisrighttobepresentthereattrialin

absentia

3. Thebondsmansurrendertheaccusedtothecourtforexecutionofthefinalexecutiona. Originalpapersshallstatethefollowing:

i. Fullnameoftheaccused

ii. Amountofundertakingiii. Conditionsrequiredbythissectioniv. Photographs(passportsize,takenwithinthelast6mos.Showingthe

face,leftandright)

IMPOSSIVIEW:Conditionsforbail

1. Applicationforbaila. OriginallyfiledtotheRTCeffective

b. OriginallyfiletotheMTCbutappealedtotheRTCeffective2. Trialinabsentiathetrialcouldproceedinabsentia

a. Deemedtheaccusedwaivedhisappearanceincourtb. Bondsmancommitstobringtheaccusedtocourtforpurposesofpromulgation

ofjudgmentc. GR:EXECUTIONifthereisasentence,theaccusedwillhavetoservesentenced. E:CONDITION(Sec1(c)Rule115)theappearancecanbewaivedifitis

stipulatedinthebail

Sec3Noreleaseortransferexceptoncourtorderorbail

- Nopersonunderdetentionbylegalprocessshallbe releasedortransferred(except1.uponorderofthecourtor2.bail)


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Sec4Bail,amatterofright;exception

Allpersonsincustodyshallbeadmittedtobailasamatterofright(withsufficientsureties/recognizance)

1. BEFOREorAFTERconvictionbythe:

a. MeTCb. MTC

c. MTCincities

d. MCTC2. BEFOREconvictionbytheRTC(notpunishablebydeath,RP,lifeimprisonment)

IMPOSSIVIEW:Bailamatterofright

1. MeTC/MTC/MCTC(BEFOREorAFTERconvictionnotyetfinalandexecutory)

a. Bailamatterofright

2. RTC(BEFOREconviction)a. Exceeding6yrs(notdeath/lifeimprisonment/RP)

i. Bailamatterofright

Matterofrighttheexistenceofahighdegreeofprobabilitythatthedefendantwillabscondconfers

uponthecourtNOgreaterdiscretionthantoINCREASEthebondtodenyhimwithhisrighttobail

isinviolationofhisright(MiguelvMaceda)

Sec5Bail,whendiscretionary

- AFTERconvictionbytheRTC(offensenotpunishablebydeath,RP,lifeimprisonment)admissionofbailisdiscretionary

- Applicationforbailmaybefiledandacteduponbythetrialcourt despitethefilingofa

noticeofappealprovidedthatithasnottransmittedtheoriginalrecordtothe

appellatecourt

- Ifthedecisionofthetrialcourtconvictingtheaccusedchangedthenaturefrom non-

bailabletobailabletheapplicationcanonlybefiledwithandresolvedbythe

appellatecourt

- Shouldthecourtgranttheapplicationtheaccusedmaybeallowedtocontinueonprovisionallibertyduringthependencyoftheappeal(samebailsubjecttothe

consentofthebondsman)

- Imprisonmentexceeding6yrstheaccusedshallbedeniedbail/cancelledupon

showing:(immediatedenialforbail)

a. Thatheisarecidivist,quasi-recidivistorhabitualdelinquentorhascommittedthecrimeaggravatedbyreiteration

b. Thathehaspreviouslyescapedfromlegalconfinement,evadedsentence,orviolatedtheconditionsofhisbailwithoutvalid

justification

c. That he committed the offense while under probation, parole, or

conditionalpardon;

d. Thatthecircumstancesofhiscaseindicatetheprobabilityofflightifreleasedonbail;or

e. Thatthereisundueriskthathemaycommitanothercrimeduringthependencyoftheappeal

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Note:toavoidconfusion,Sec5coversonlyAFTERCONVICTIONintheRTCwherethepenaltyisNOT

death,lifeimprisonmentorRP

Iftheaccusedischargedwithmurder(non-bailable)butconvictedwithhomicide(bailable)ifitis

beforetheRTCafterconvitionbailsubjecttothecourtsdiscretion(LavistevCA)

Wheretofilethiskindofscenario:APPELLATECOURT

Exerciseofdiscretionthejudgedetermineswhetherornottograntsuchbail

1. Discretionarybail2. Petitionforbailfornon-bailableoffenses(differentfromdiscretionarybail)(Sec7)

Sec6Capitaloffense,defined

Capitaloffenseisanoffensewhich,underthe lawexistingatthetimeofitscommission andofthe

applicationforadmissiontobail,maybepunishedwithdeath

Sec7CapitaloffenseoranoffensepunishablebyRPorlifeimprisonment,non-bailable

PersonchargedwithacapitaloffenseoranoffensepunishablebyRPorlifeimprisonmentshall

NOTbeadmittedtobailifevidenceofguiltisstrong(regardlessofthestageofthecriminal

prosecution)

Sec8Burdenofproofinbailapplication

- Applicationofapersonincustodyforthecommissionofanoffense(punishablebydeath,RP,lifeimprisonment)

o Prosecutionburdenofshowingthatevidenceofguiltisstrong

o Evidencepresentedduringthebailhearingshallbeautomaticallyreproducedatthetrial

Uponmotionofeitherpartythecourtmayrecallanywitness

foradditionalexamination(unlessdead,outsidethePhilippinesorunabletotestify)

Sec9Amountofbail;guidelines

Thejudgewhoissuedthewarrantorgrantedtheapplicationshallfixa reasonableamountofbailconsideringthefollowingfactors:(notexclusive)

1. Financialabilityoftheaccusedtogivebail

2. Natureandcircumstancesoftheoffense3. Penaltyfortheoffensecharged4. Characterandreputationoftheaccused5. Ageandhealthoftheaccused

6. Weightoftheevidenceagainsttheaccused7. Probabilityoftheaccusedappearingatthetrial8. Forfeitureofotherbail9. Thefactthattheaccusedwasa fugitivefromjusticewhenarrested

10. Pendencyofothercaseswheretheaccusedisonbail

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Prosecutoristheonewhorecommendstheamountofbailthereisarecommendedbailwhen

theprosecutorfilestheinformation

CourtonlydetermineswhethertoINCREASEorREDUCEtheamountofbail


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Sec10Corporatesurety

Anydomesticorforeigncorporation( licensedasasuretyinaccordancewithlawand

currentlyauthorizedtoactassuch)mayprovidebailbyabondsubscribedjointlyby

theaccusedandanofficerofthecorporationdulyauthorizedbyitsboardofdirectors

Sec11Propertybond,howposted

- Propertybondisanundertakingconstitutedaslienontherealpropertygivenas

securityfortheamountofbail- Within10daysaftertheapprovalofthebond

o Accused Ifthelandisregistered

Causedtheannotationofthelienonthecertificateof

titleonfilewiththeregisterofdeeds

Ifthelandisunregistered

Intheregistrationbookonthespaceprovidedinthe

registerofdeeds(intheprovincewherethelandlies)

Onthecorrespondingtaxdeclarationintheofficeof

theprovincial/city/municipalassessorconcerned

Submittothecourthiscompliance(ESSENTIAL)

Failuretodososhallbesufficientcauseforthe

cancellationofthepropertybondandhisre-arrestanddetention

Sec12Qualificationsofsuretiesinpropertybond

1. EachmustbearesidentownerofrealestatewithinthePhilippines(ESSENTIAL)

2. Wherethereisonlyonesuretya. Realestatemustbeworthatleasttheamountoftheundertaking

3. Iftherearetwoormoresuretiesa. Eachmayjustifyinanamount lessthanthatexpressedintheundertakingbutthe

aggregateofthejustifiedsumsmustbe equivalenttothewholeamountofthe

baildemanded.

Inallcases,everysuretymustbeworththeamountspecifiedinhisownundertakingoverandabovealljustdebts,obligationsandpropertiesexemptfromexecution

Sec13Justificationofsureties

Justificationbyaffidavittakenbeforethejudgebysureties

1. Thathepossessesthequalificationsprescribedintheprecedingsection2. Heshalldescribethepropertygivenassecurity,statingthe:

a. Natureofhistitle,itsencumbrances,b. Thenumberandamountofotherbailsentered intobyhimandstillun-

dischargedc. Otherliabilities

Thecourtmayexaminethesuretiesuponoathconcerningtheirsufficiencyinsuch

mannersitmaydeemproper.Nobailshallbeapprovedunlessthesuretyisqualified

Sec14Depositofcashasbail

- Theaccusedoranypersonactinginhisbehalfmaydeposittheamountofbailfixedbythecourtorrecommendedbytheprosecutorwhoinvestigatedorfiledthecasein

cashwith:

o Thenearestcollectorofinternalrevenueo Provincial,city,ormunicipaltreasurero Clerkofcourtwherethecaseispending

- Uponsubmissionofapropercertificateofdepositandawrittenundertaking(showingcompliancewiththerequirementsofSec2Rule114)theaccusedshallbe

dischargedfromcustody

- Themoneydepositedshallbeconsideredasbailandappliedtothepaymentoffineandcosts

- Theexcess,ifanyreturnedtotheaccusedortowhoevermadethedeposit

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Note:Ajudgeisnotauthorizedtoreceivethedepositofcashasbailnorshouldsuchcashbekeptin

hisoffice(LachicavTormis)

Sec15Recognizance

WheneverallowedbylawortheseRules,thecourtmayreleaseapersonincustodyonhisown

recognizanceorthatofaresponsibleperson

Sec16Bail,whennotrequired;reducedbailorrecognizanceNobailshallberequiredwhenthelawortheseRulessoprovide

1. PersonhasbeenincustodyforaperiodequaltoormorethanthepossibleMAXIMUMimprisonmentprescribedfortheoffensecharged

a. Releasedimmediately(withoutprejudicetothecontinuationofthetrial

ortheproceedingsonappeal)

b. Ifthemaximumpenaltyisdestierroi. Releasedafter30daysofpreventiveimprisonment

2. PersonincustodyforaperiodequaltoormorethantheMINIMUMoftheprincipalpenaltyprescribedfortheoffensecharged(withoutapplicationoftheIndeterminate

SentenceLaworanymodifyingcircumstance)

a. Releasedonareducedbailoronhisownrecognizance(discretionofthecourt)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

1. Accusedservedthemaximumpenaltya. ReleasedWITHOUTprejudicetotheCONTINUATIONofhiscase

2. AccusedservedtheminimumpenaltywithoutconsiderationoftheISLAWa. Reducedbailb. Recognizance


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Sec17Bail,wherefiled

1. Bailintheamountfixedmaybefiledwiththecourt:a. Wherethecaseispending,orintheabsenceorunavailabilityofthejudge

thereof:

i. AnyRTCjudge/MeTCjudge/MTCjudge/MCTCjudgeintheprovince,city,ormunicipality.

b. Iftheaccusedisarrestedinaprovince,city,ormunicipalityotherthan

wherethecaseispending,RTCofsaidplace,orifnojudgethereofisavailable,with:

i. AnyMeTCjudge/MTCjudge/MCTCjudgetherein.2. Bailisamatterofdiscretion,ortheaccusedseekstobereleasedonrecognizance

a. Courtwherethecaseispending(whetheronpreliminaryinvestigation/trial/appeal)

3. Anypersonincustodywhoisnotyetchargedincourta. Mayapplyforbailwithanycourtintheprovince/city/municipality

whereheisheld

IMPOSSIVIEW:4ScenariosofSec17

1. Iftheaccusedisarrestedintheplacewherethecaseispendinga. Inthecourtwheretheactionispending

b. IfthejudgeisABSENTorUNAVAILABLEanyRTC/MTC2. Iftheaccusedisarrestedintheplaceotherthanwheretheactionispending

a. AnyRTCwheretheaccusedwasarrestedorwhereitispending(impractical)

b. IfthejudgeisABSENTorUNAVAILABLEanyMTCtherein3. Wherebailisamatterofdiscretionorrequiresanapplicationforrecognizance

a. Inthecourtwheretheactionispending

4. Whenthereisyetnopendingcasea. Inthecourtwheretheaccusedisheld(venueisjurisdictional)

5. Whentheaccusedisnotyetarrestedbutthereisacasealreadypendinga. Inthecourtwheretheactionispendingb. Bailcannotbeappliedtoacourtotherthanwereitispending

Sec18Noticeofapplicationtoprosecutor

IntheapplicationforbailunderSec8Rule114thecourtMUSTgivereasonablenoticeofthe

hearingtotheprosecutororrequirehimtosubmithisrecommendation

IMPOSSIVIEW:Characteristicsofahearinginanapplicationforbail(SerapiovSandiganbayan)

1. Summary2. Mandatory

Dutiesofajudgeincaseofanapplicationforbail(MabutasvPerello)

1. Notifytheprosecutorofthehearingfortheapplicationofbailorrequirehimtosubmita

recommendation

2. WherebailisamatterofdiscretionMANDATORYHEARINGfortheapplicationforbail(whetherornottheprosecutorpresentsevidences)

3. Decidewhethertheguiltoftheaccusedisstrongbasedonthesummaryevidenceofthe

prosecution

4. IftheguiltoftheaccusedisNOTstrong dischargetheaccusedupontheapprovalofthebailbond

Note:undertherulesonbail,ahearingismandatoryingrantingbailwhetheritisamatterofrightor

discretion(DomingovPagatayan)

Sec19ReleaseonBail

1. TheaccusedmustbedischargeduponapprovalofthebailbythejudgewithwhomitwasfiledinaccordancewithSec17Rule114

2. Whenbailisfiledwithacourtotherthanwherethecaseispending

a. Thejudgewhoacceptedthebailshallforwardit( togetherwiththeorderofreleaseandothersupportingpapers)tothecourtwherethecaseispending(whichmay,forgoodreason,requireadifferentonetobefiled)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Note:IftheaccusedisarrestedinaplaceotherthanwheretheactionispendingtheBAIL

RECORDSmustbetransmittedtothecourtwherethecaseispending(dutyofthejudge)

Ifthejudgeisnotsatisfiedonthebailsubmittedwherehewasarrestedthejudgemayrequirea

NEWbail

Sec20Increaseorreductionofbail

1. Aftertheaccusedisadmittedtobail,thecourtmay,upongoodcause,eitherincrease

orreduceitsamount

a. Whenincreasedi. Theaccusedmaybecommittedtocustodyifhedoesnotgivebail

intheincreasedamountwithinareasonableperiod

2. Anaccusedheldtoansweracriminalcharge(releasedwithoutbailuponfilingofthecomplaintorinformation)may,atanysubsequentstageoftheproceedingsand

wheneverastrongshowingofguiltappearstothecourt

a. Berequiredtogivebailintheamountfixedb. Orinlieuthereof,committedtocustody

Sec21Forfeitureofbail

1. WhenthepresenceoftheaccusedisrequiredbythecourtortheseRules

a. Bondsmenshallbenotifiedtoproducehimbeforethecourtonagivendateandtime

2. Iftheaccusedfailstoappearinpersonasrequiredhisbailshallbedeclared

forfeited

a. Within30daysofsuchforfeiture,thebondsmenmust:

1. Producethebodyoftheirprincipalorgivethereasonforhisnon-production

2. Explainwhytheaccuseddidnotappearbeforethecourtwhenfirstrequiredtodoso

Failinginthesetworequisites,ajudgmentshallberenderedagainstthe

bondsmen(jointlyandseverally)fortheamountofthebail.


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Thecourtshallnotreduceorotherwisemitigatetheliabilityofthebondsmen

(unlesstheaccusedhasbeensurrenderedorisacquitted)

Sec22Cancellationofbail

1. Uponapplicationofthebondsmen,withduenoticetotheprosecutor

a. Bailmaybecancelled:i. Surrenderoftheaccused

ii. Proofofhisdeathb. Bailshallbedeemedautomaticallycancelled:

i. Acquittaloftheaccusedii. Dismissalofthecaseiii. Executionofthejudgmentofconviction

IMPOSSIVIEW:Remedyforacquittalwheredoublejeopardyhasalreadysetin

1. PetitionforCertiorariunderRule65(GADALEJ)AND2. ConsentfromtheOfficeoftheSolicitorGeneral

Sec23Arrestofaccusedoutonbail

1. Forthepurposeofsurrenderingtheaccuseda. Bondsmenmayarresthim

b. Causehimtobearrestedbyapoliceofficerc. Anyotherpersonofsuitableageanddiscretion

Uponwrittenauthorityendorsedonacertifiedcopyoftheundertaking

2. Anaccusedreleasedonbaila. Maybere-arrested(withoutthenecessityofawarrant)

i. AttemptstodepartfromthePhilippines(withoutpermissionofthecourtwherethecaseispending)

Sec24Nobailafterfinaljudgment;exception

1. Nobailshallbeallowedafterajudgmentofconvictionhasbecomefinal2. Ifbeforesuchfinality,theaccusedappliesforprobation

a. Hemaybeallowedtemporarylibertyunderhisbail.

3. Whennobailwasfiled/theaccusedisincapableoffilingone a. Thecourtmayallowhisreleaseonrecognizancetothecustodyofa

responsiblememberofthecommunity.4. Innocaseshallbailbeallowedaftertheaccusedhascommencedtoservesentence

IMPOSSIVIEW:

GR:Nobailshallbeallowedafterajudgmentofconvictionhasbecomefinal

E:ApplicationofPROBATIONbeforefinality(continuityoftheoriginalbailgiven)or

RECOCNIZANCE(financialincapacity)(Sec15)

Sec25Courtsupervisionofdetainees

1. Thecourtshallexercisesupervisionoverallpersonsincustodyforthepurposeofeliminatingunnecessarydetention.

2. TheexecutivejudgesoftheRTCsshall:

a. Conductmonthlypersonalinspectionsofprovincial,city,andmunicipaljailsand

theprisonerswithintheirrespectivejurisdictions

b. Theyshallascertainthenumberofdetainees,inquireontheirproperaccommodationandhealthandexaminetheconditionofthejailfacilities

c. Theyshallorderthesegregationofsexesandofminorsfromadultsd. Ensuretheobservanceoftherightofdetaineestoconferprivatelywithcounsele. Strivetoeliminateconditionsinimicaltothedetainees

3. IncitiesandmunicipalitiestobespecifiedbytheSupremeCourt

a. Themunicipaltrialjudgesormunicipalcircuittrialjudgesshall:i. Conductmonthlypersonalinspectionsofthemunicipaljailsintheir

respectivemunicipalities

ii. SubmitareporttotheexecutivejudgeoftheRegionalTrialCourt

havingjurisdictiontherein

4. AmonthlyreportofsuchvisitationshallbesubmittedbytheexecutivejudgestotheCourtAdministratorwhichshallstate:

a. Thetotalnumberofdetainees

b. Thenamesofthoseheldformorethan30daysc. Thedurationofdetentiond. Thecrimechargede. Thestatusofthecase

f. Thecausefordetentiong. Otherpertinentinformation

Sec26Bailnotabartoobjectionsonlegalarrest,lackoforirregularpreliminaryinvestigation

1. Anapplicationfororadmissiontobailshallnotbartheaccusedfromchallenging:(mustberaisedbeforeenteringplea)

a. Thevalidityofhisarrest

b. Thelegalityofthewarrantissuedthereforc. Regularityorquestioningtheabsenceofapreliminaryinvestigationofthe

chargeagainsthim

2. Thecourtshallresolvethematterasearlyaspracticable( notlaterthanthestartofthetrialofthecase)

RULE115RIGHTSOFTHEACCUSED Sec1RightsoftheaccusedatthetrialInallcriminalprosecutions,theaccusedshallbeentitledtothefollowingrights:

A. Tobepresumedinnocent(untilthecontraryisprovedbeyondreasonabledoubt)B. TobeinformedofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusationagainsthimC. Tobepresentanddefendinpersonandbycounselateverystageofthe

proceedingsfromarraignmenttopromulgationofthejudgment

a. Accusedmaywaivehispresenceatthetrialpursuanttothestipulationssetforthinhisbail(unlesshispresenceisspecifically

orderedbythecourtforpurposesofidentification)

i. Theabsenceoftheaccusedwithoutjustifiablecauseatthetrialofwhichhehadnoticeshallbeconsideredawaiverofhisrightto

bepresentthereat.

b. Whenanaccusedundercustodyescapes


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i. Heshallbedeemedtohavewaivedhisrighttobepresentonall

subsequenttrialdatesuntilcustodyoverhimisregained.

c. Uponmotion,theaccusedmaybeallowedtodefendhimselfinpersonsufficientlyappearstothecourtthathe canproperlyprotecthisrights

withouttheassistanceofcounsel

D. Totestifyasawitnessinhisownbehalfbutsubjecttocross-examinationonmatterscoveredbydirectexamination(Hissilenceshallnotinanymannerprejudice

him)

E. TobeexemptfrombeingcompelledtobeawitnessagainsthimselfF. Toconfrontandcross-examinethewitnessesagainsthimatthetrial.

a. Eitherpartymayutilizeaspartofitsevidencethetestimonyofawitness

whois:

i. Deceased,

ii. OutoforcannotwithduediligencebefoundinthePhilippines,iii. Unavailable,orotherwiseunabletotestify

b. Giveninanothercaseorproceeding(judicialoradministrative,involving

thesamepartiesandsubjectmatter)theadversepartyhavingthe

opportunitytocross-examinehim.

G. Tohavecompulsoryprocessissuedtosecuretheattendanceofwitnessesand

productionofotherevidenceinhisbehalf

H. Tohavespeedy,impartialandpublictrialI. Toappealinallcasesallowedandinthemannerprescribedbylaw

IMPOSSIVIEW:1.Presumptionofinnocencewillonlyarisewhenthepersonaccusedischargedwithacriminal

offense

Whenthecircumstancesarecapableof2ormoreinferences,oneofwhichisconsistentwiththe

presumptionofinnocence,whiletheotheriscompatiblewithguiltthepresumptionof

innocencemustprevailandthecourtmustacquit(PeoplevDimalanta)

Theevidenceoftheprosecutionmuststandorfallonitsownweightandcannotbe

allowedtodrawstrengthfromtheweaknessofthedefense

2.Righttobeinformedofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusationagainsthim

IftheaccuseddoesnotknowthelocallanguageorevenEnglishthereshouldbeanauthorized

interpretertosatisfytheminimumrequirementsofdueprocess

3.RighttoacounselEntitlementtoacounsel

1. Counseldeparteisacounselofchoiceoftheaccused2. Counseldeofficiothecounselbeingappointedbythecourts

a. Instancesofappointment:i. Duringarraignmentii. Forpurposesoftrialtocertifythattheaccusedhasbeen

informedofhisrighttocounselandhisrighttoacounselde

officiobeforetherecordsareelevatedonappeal

iii. Iftheaccusedsignshisappealbyhimself(Rule124Sec2)iv. Iftheaccusedisinprison

v. AppointmentbytheSCtheyhavetheirownguidelinesanditisNOTinthecode

4.CompulsoryprocessSubpoena(Rule21)

1. Subpoenaadtestificandumsummonedtotestifyaswitness2. Subpoenaducestecumcompelledtopresentdocuments

Quashingofasubpoena

1. Subpoenaadtestificanduma. Failuretotenderkilometrageb. Failuretotenderwitnessfees

2. Subpoenadeucestecuma. Failuretotenderkilometrageb. Failuretotenderwitnessfees

c. Failuretodescribethebookstobepresentedd. Failuretotenderthecostofproduction

Kilometrage-ifyourewithin100kmfromtheplaceofhearingyour

attendancemaybecompelled,ifyourefusebenchwarrant Remedyifthepersonismorethan100kmaway

1. Deposition(Rule23)civilcases2. Rule119(Sec(s)12,13&15)

Benchwarrantisawarrantissuedbythecourtintheexerciseofitsjudicial

authoritytocompeltheattendanceofapersonincourt

Contemptwhenanypersonrefusestoappearincourtortotestify

DirectContempt IndirectContempt

Grounds Actsofdisrespector

disobedienceinthepresenceof

thejudgeorincourt

Failuretocomplywiththe

subpoena(Rule71Sec3)

Initiation Noformalcomplaintrequired

irritationwillsuffice

1. Verifiedpetitionfiledanddocketed

separately

2. Formalchargebythe

courtmotupropio

Remedy Certiorari Appeal

5.Confrontandcross-examinationofwitnesses

Anytestimonyordepositiongiventoajudicialoradministrativeproceedingmaybepresentedevenif

thewitnessisalreadyDEADorUNAVAILABLEorevenitwasobtainedforaDIFFERENT

PROCEEDINGaslongasthereisanOPPORTUNITYTOCROSS-EXAMINE(exceptiontothe

hearsayrule(Rule115Sec1(f)inrelationtoRule130Sec47))

6.Rightagainstself-incrimination

ThisrightislimitedonlytoORALtestimonycommunicativeinessence

Aslongasitisamechanicalactanditdoesnotinvolveanyapplicationofintellectanddiscretion,it

maybeallowedanditisnotincriminating2007RulesofDNAEvidenceshowsthepaternityofthefather

1. 99.9%orhigherdisputablepresumption2. Below99.9%-corroborativeevidence


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3. Negativepaternityconclusiveevidence

Post-DNAConvictiontherecanbeaPost-DNAConvictionexaminationevenwithoutanorder

ifsuchexaminationismaterialtoshowinnocenceanditwouldchangetheoutcomeofthecase

(HabeasCorpusremedyuponproofofinnocence)

7.Righttoaspeedytrial

Theprosecutioncannotinvoketherighttospeedytrialitislodgeuponthedefensetoinvokeit

TherightappliesonlytocriminalproceedingscounterpartisRule70Sec3(failuretoprosecuteincivilcases)

Kindsofspeedytrial

1. Speedytrialundertherulesoncriminalprocedure2. Speedydispositionofcasesundertheconstitution

SpeedyTrial(CrimPro) Speedydispositionofcases

(Consti)

Initiation Anytimebeforetrial

(Sec9Rule119)

Anytimeaslongastheactionis

pending

Remedy Rule65Forextraordinary&

compellingreasons,the

availabilityofanotherremedy

doesnotprecludearesorttoa

specialcivilactionunder

Rule65(LumanlaovPeralta)

HabeasCorpusAssuming

thattheaccusedremainstobe

detained,hemayresorttoa

petitionofhabeascorpus

(CaballesvCA)

Thesearenotmutuallyexclusive,thedenialofonedoesnotbartheother

RULE116ARRAIGNMENT&PLEA Sec1Arraignmentandplea;howmade

A. Theaccusedmustbearraignedbeforethecourtwherethecomplaintorinformationwasfiledorassignedfortrial.

a. Thearraignmentshallbemadeinopencourtbythejudgeorclerkby:

i. Furnishingtheaccusedwithacopyofthecomplaintorinformation

ii. Readingthesameinthelanguageordialectknowntohim

iii. Askinghimwhetherhepleadsguiltyornotguilty.b. Theprosecutionmaycallatthetrialwitnessesotherthanthosenamedinthe

complaintorinformation.

B. Theaccusedmustbepresentatthearraignmentandmustpersonallyenterhispleaa. Botharraignmentandpleashallbemadeofrecord(failuretodososhallNOT

affectthevalidityoftheproceedings)

C. Whentheaccusedrefusestopleadormakesaconditionalpleapleaofnotguilty

D. Whentheaccusedpleadsguilty(butpresents exculpatoryevidence)pleashallbedeemedwithdrawnpleaofnotguilty

E. Whentheaccusedisunderpreventivedetention:

a. Hiscaseshallberaffledi. Itsrecordstransmittedtothejudgetowhomthecasewasraffled

within3daysfromthefilingoftheinformationorcomplaint

b. Theaccusedshallbearraignedwithin10daysfromthedateoftheraffle

c. Thepre-trialconferenceofhiscaseshallbeheldwithin10daysafter

arraignment

F. Theprivateoffendedpartyshallberequiredtoappearatthearraignmentforpurposesof:a. Pleabargaining

b. Determinationofcivilliabilityc. Othermattersrequiringhispresence

Incaseoffailureoftheoffendedpartytoappeardespiteduenotice,

i. Thecourtmayallowtheaccusedtoenterapleaofguiltytoalesser

offense(whichisnecessarilyincludedintheoffensechargedwiththeconformityofthetrialprosecutoralone)

G. Arraignmentheldwithin30daysfromthedatethecourtacquiresjurisdictionoverthe

personoftheaccused(unlessashorterperiodisprovidedbyspeciallaworSupremeCourt

circular)

a. Excludedincomputingtheperiodi. Thetimeofthependencyofamotiontoquashii. Thetimeofthependencyofabillofparticularsiii. Othercausesjustifyingsuspensionofthearraignment

IMPOSSIVIEW:

GR:Whenthetrialproceedswithouttheaccusedbeingarraigned,whichrendersproceedings

defective

E:theproceduraldefectwascuredwhenthecounselparticipatedinthetrialwithoutraisingany

objectionthathisclienthadyettobearraigned.Infact,hiscounselcross-examinedtheprosecution

witness;moreover,noprotestwasmadewhentheappellantwassubsequentlyarraigned( PeoplevTrinidad)

Anyobjection,defectorirregularityattendinganarrestmustbemade BEFOREtheaccusedenters

hispleaorarraignmentandhavingfailedtomoveforthequashingofinformationagainsthim

beforearraignment,theappellantisestoppedfromquestioningthelegalityofarrest( Peoplev

Astrologo)

Iftheaccusedkeepsonfailingtoappearforarraignmentdespiterepeatednotice,thecasemaybe

archivedorpetitionforprovisionaldismissal

Kindsofpleaofnotguilty

1. Refusaltoenteraplea2. Pleaofguiltwithanexculpatorydefenseorself-defense3. Conditionalplea

GR:Thepresenceoftheoffendedpartyisnotrequiredduringarraignment

E:Whentheaccusedentersapleaofguilttoalesseroffense(purposeofdeterminingcivil

liability)orwhenrequiredbycourts

Reason:Becausetheoffendedpartyisonlyawitnessforthestate( Complainingwitness)

Commencementofarraignment

1. Iftheaccusedisnotpreventivelydetained

a. Within30daysfromthetimethecourtacquiresjurisdictionoverthepersonoftheaccusedandWITHINsuch30daysbutAFTERarraignment

thereshouldbePRE-TRIAL(Rule116Sec1(f)inrelationwith

Rule118Sec1)

2. Iftheaccusedispreventivelydetained(3:10:10)

a. Within3daysfromthefilingoftheinformationthecasewillberaffled


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b. FromthetimetheraffleisconcludedWithin10days,arraignmentwill

bescheduledc. Within10daysfromarraignment,pre-trialwillbescheduled

Sec2Pleaofguiltytoalesseroffense

1. Atarraignment,accused(withtheconsentoftheoffendedpartyandtheprosecutor)a. Maybeallowedbythetrialcourttopleadguiltytoalesseroffense(whichis

necessarilyincludedintheoffensecharged) 2. Afterarraignmentbutbeforetrialaccused

a. Maystillbeallowedtopleadguiltytothesaidlesseroffenseafterwithdrawinghispleaofnotguilty

3. Noamendmentofthecomplaintorinformationisnecessary

Sec3Pleaofguiltytocapitaloffense;receptionofevidence

- Whentheaccusedpleadsguiltytoa capitaloffense,thecourt:

o Shallconductasearchinginquiryintothevoluntarinessandfullcomprehensionoftheconsequencesofhisplea

o Shallrequiretheprosecutiontoprovehisguiltandtheprecisedegreeof

culpability- Theaccusedmaypresentevidenceinhisbehalf

Sec4Pleaofguiltytonon-capitaloffense;receptionofevidence,discretionary

- Whentheaccusedpleadsguiltytoanon-capitaloffense,thecourt:

o Mayreceiveevidencefromtheparties(determinethepenaltytobeimposed)

Sec5Withdrawalofimprovidentpleaofguilty

- Atanytimebeforethejudgmentofconvictionbecomesfinal,thecourt:

o MaypermitanimprovidentpleaofguiltytobewithdrawnSubstitutedbyapleaofnotguilty

IMPOSSIVIEW:(Sec(s)2-5)Kindsofpleaofguilty

1. Pleaofguilttoalesseroffense(Sec2)Pleabargaining

a. Eveniftheoffendedpartyisabsent(foraslongastherewasnoticetotheoffendedpartyandtheprosecution)thepleamayproceed(ifitisnecessarily

includedintheoffensecharged)

b. MaypleatoalesseroffenseafterarraignmentbutBEFOREtrial2. Pleaofguilttoacapitaloffense(Sec3)despitethepleaofguilt,thereisamandatory

hearingrequiredforthepresentationofevidencestoestablishtheexactculpabilityoftheaccused

Guidelinesofjudgesforsearchinginquiries (PeoplevUlit)

1. Inquireaboutthecircumstancesoncustodialandpreliminaryinvestigation

2. Askthedefensecounselwhetherhehasconferredwithandcompletely

explainedtotheaccusedtheconsequencesofhisplea

3. Elicitinformationonpersonalityprofileoftheaccused(doestheaccusedreally

knowwhatthepleaisallabout)

4. Informtheaccusedofexactlengthofimprisonment/natureofpenaltyunderlaw5. Requiretheaccusedtofullynarratetheincident

3. Pleaofguiltytoanon-capitaloffense(Sec3)hearingisnotmandatory,itisrequiredwhendeterminingtheexactpenaltyfortheoffense

4. Improvidentplea(Sec4)itisapleaofguiltwheretheconsequencethereofis not

knowntotheaccused(theaccuseddidnotintelligentlyenterhisplea)

a. ImprovidentpleatoacaseinvolvingapenaltyofLifeimprisonment/RPi. SCwillnotrenderjudgmentbutwillonlyremandthecaseforfurther

proceedings

b. Improvidentpleabutthereareotherevidencespointingontheculpabilityofthe

accusedi. TheSCwillrenderajudgment

Ifthereisanimprovidentpleabutthereareevidencessufficienttoestablishhisguilt

thecourtshallNOTdisregardedsuchpleaand renderjudgmentbasedonthe

evidencespresented

Sec6Dutyofcourttoinformaccusedofhisrighttocounsel

- Beforearraignment,thecourt:o Shallinformtheaccusedofhisrighttocounsel

o Askhimifhedesirestohaveone.- Thecourtmustassignacounseldeoficiotodefendhim,unless:

o Theaccusedisallowedtodefendhimselfinpersono Hasemployedcounselofhischoice

Sec7Appointmentofcounseldeoficio

- Thecourt,(consideringthegravityoftheoffenseandthedifficultyofthequestionsthatmayarise)shallappointas counseldeoficio:

o Membersofthebaringoodstandingwho,(byreasonoftheirexperienceandability)cancompetentlydefendtheaccused

- Localitieswheresuchmembersofthebararenotavailable,thecourtmayappointAnyperson,residentoftheprovince(goodreputeforprobityandability)

Sec8Timeforcounseldeoficiotoprepareforarraignment

- Ifcounseldeoficioisappointedduringthearraignment:o Shallbegivenareasonabletimetoconsultwiththeaccusedastohisplea

(beforeproceedingwiththearraignment)

Sec9Billofparticular

- Theaccused(beforearraignment)

o Maymoveforabillofparticularsenablehimproperlytopleadand

preparefortrial

- Themotionshallspecify:o Theallegeddefectsofthecomplaintorinformationo Thedetailsdesired


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IMPOSSIVIEW:

Billofparticularswhenaccusedasksthecourttoidentifythedefectsofthecomplaintorinformationandindicatethedetailsdesired

Apartyrequiredtosubmitabillofparticularsmayappeartocomplybutinessencedidnotanswer

thequestiondismissalofthecase(failuretocomplywithanorderofthecourt)(Sec3Rule17)(ViratavSandiganbayan)

Sec10Productionorinspectionofmaterialevidenceinpossessionofprosecution

- Uponmotionoftheaccusedshowinggoodcauseandwithnoticetotheparties,the

court,inordertoprevent:

a. Surpriseb. Suppression

c. Alteration

- Mayordertheprosecutiontoproduceandpermittheinspectionandcopyingor

photographingof:

a. Anywrittenstatementgivenbythecomplainantandotherwitnessesinanyinvestigationoftheoffense(conductedbytheprosecutionorotherinvestigating

officers)

b. Anydesignated(nototherwiseprivileged):a. Documents,papers,books,accounts,letters,photographs,objects,or

tangiblethings,

i. Constitutesorcontainsevidencematerialtoanymatterinvolvedinthecase

ii. Inthepossessionorunderthecontroloftheprosecution,police,orotherlawinvestigatingagencies

Sec11Suspensionofarraignment

- Arraignmentmaybesuspendedinthefollowingcasesa. Theaccusedappearstobesufferingfromanunsoundmentalcondition

(effectivelyrendershimunabletofullyunderstandthechargeagainsthim

andtopleadintelligentlythereto)

i. Thecourtshallorderhismentalexaminationii. Ifnecessary,hisconfinementforsuchpurpose

b. Thereexistsaprejudicialquestion

c. ApetitionforreviewoftheresolutionoftheprosecutorispendingateithertheDepartmentofJustice,ortheOfficeofthePresidenti. PeriodofsuspensionmustNOTexceed60dayscountedfrom

thefilingofthepetitionwiththereviewingoffice

IMPOSSIVIEW:Instanceswherearraignmentissuspended

1. Iftheaccusedisofunsoundmind(righttobeinformed)2. Prejudicialquestion3. PetitionforreviewwiththeDOJsuspensionof60days

a. IftheDOJisunabletocompleteitsresolutionwithin60daysthecourtwill

arraign

i. Amotionmustbesubmittedtoinformthecourtofsuchpetitionforreviewforthecourtstobeawareandactonsuchsuspension

RULE117MOTIONTOQUASH Sec1Timetomovetoquash

- AtanytimeBEFOREenteringhispleatheaccusedmaymovetoquashthecomplaintforinformation

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Motiontoquashfiledbytheaccusedbeforepleaandideallybeforearraignmentquestioningthe

efficacyofthecomplaint/information

Sec2Formandcontents

1. Themotiontoquashshallbe:

a. Inwriting

b. Signedbytheaccusedorhiscounsel

c. Shalldistinctlyspecifyitsfactualandlegalgrounds2. Thecourtshallconsidernogroundotherthanthosestatedinthemotion( exceptlackof

jurisdictionovertheoffensecharged)

Sec3Grounds

Theaccusedmaymovetoquashthecomplaintorinformationonanyoffollowinggrounds:

A. Thatthefactschargeddonotconstituteanoffensea. Theelementsoftheactdoesnotconstituteanoffense

B. Thatthecourttryingthecasehasnojurisdictionovertheoffensechargeda. Thecourtmustlookintotheallegationsoftheinformationtoknowwhetherit

hasjurisdictionornot

C. ThatthecourttryingthecasehasnojurisdictionoverthepersonoftheaccusedD. ThattheofficerwhofiledtheinformationhadnoauthoritytodosoE. Thatitdoesnotconformsubstantiallytotheprescribedform

a. Ex.Written,certified,etc.

F. Thatmorethanoneoffenseischarged(exceptwhenasinglepunishmentforvariousoffensesisprescribedbylaw)

G. Thatthecriminalactionorliabilityhasbeenextinguished

a. Ex.prescription

H. Thatitcontainsavermentswhich,iftrue,wouldconstitutea legalexcuseorjustification

a. Ex.Self-defenseI. Thattheaccusedhasbeenpreviouslyconvictedoracquittedoftheoffensecharged,or

thecaseagainsthimwasdismissedorotherwiseterminated(withouthisexpressconsent)

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Ifthegroundisgranted,thecourtcanorderforitsamendment.Theprosecutionwillbegivensome

timetocompletetheinformation,iftheyfailtodosodismissal

Lackofauthoritytofilethecaseastateprosecutorlacksauthorityifthereis:(TuringanvGarfin)

1. NodirectivefromtheSecretaryofjustice2. Nowrittenapprovaloftheinformationbythecityprosecutor


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Aprosecutormustcertifytheinformationthathehas servedacopyofthecomplainttotheaccused,

whowasthentherespondent,andthe respondent-accusedwasgivenanopportunitytopresenthis

side

Whattonottoallege(onthepartoftheprosecution)

1. Self-defensebytheaccused

2. Mitigatingcircumstances

3. 2ormoreoffensesin1information(unlessitisacomplexcrime)4. Doublejeopardy

Sec4Amendmentofcomplaintorinformation

1. Ifthemotiontoquashisbasedonanallegeddefectofthecomplaintorinformation(can

becuredbyamendment)

a. Thecourtshallorderthatanamendmentbemade2. Ifitisbasedonthegroundthatthe factschargeddonotconstituteanoffense

a. Prosecutionshallbegivenanopportunitytocorrectthedefectbyamendment3. Themotionshallbegranted

a. Iftheprosecutionfailstomaketheamendmentb. Thecomplaintorinformationstillsuffersfromthesamedefectdespitethe

amendment

Sec5Effectofsustainingthemotiontoquash

1. Ifthemotiontoquashissustaineda. Thecourtmayorderthatanothercomplaintorinformationbefiled(exceptas

providedinSec6)

2. Iftheorderismadea. Theaccused(ifincustody)

i. Shallnotbedischargedunlessadmittedtobail

3. Ifnoorderismadeorifhavingbeenmade(nonewinformationisfiledwithinthetimespecifiedintheorderorwithinsuchfurthertimeasthecourtmayallowforgoodcause)

a. Theaccused,ifincustody,i. Shallbedischarged(unlessheisalsoincustodyforanothercharge)

IMPOSSIVIEW:Meritoriousmotiontoquash

- Grantforlackofjurisdictionre-filed- Grantforlackofauthorityofprosecutionre-filed

- Doublejeopardycannotre-file- Prescriptioncannotre-file- Violationofspeedytrialcannotre-file

Sec6Ordersustainingthemotiontoquashnotabartoanotherprosecution;exception

- AnordersustainingthemotiontoquashNOTabartoanotherprosecutionforthesameoffense(unlessthemotionwasbasedonthegroundsspecifiedinSec3(g)&(i))

Sec7Formerconvictionoracquittal;doublejeopardy

1. Whenanaccusedhasbeenconvicted/acquittedorthecaseagainsthimdismissed/terminated(withouthisexpressconsent)uponavalid

complaint/informationorotherformalcharge(sufficientinformandsubstance)tosustain

aconvictionandaftertheaccusedhadpleadedtothecharge

a. Theconviction/acquittal/dismissalofthecaseshallbeabar:

i. Toanotherprosecutionfortheoffensecharged,or

ii. Foranyattempttocommitthesameorfrustrationthereof,oriii. Foranyoffensewhichnecessarilyincludesorisnecessarily

includedintheoffensechargedintheformercomplaintor

information

2. TheconvictionoftheaccusedshallNOTbeabartoanotherprosecutionforanoffensewhichnecessarilyincludestheoffensechargedintheformercomplaintorinformation

underanyofthefollowinginstances:

a. Thegraveroffensedevelopedduetosuperveningfacts(arisingfromthesameactoromissionconstitutingtheformercharge )

b. Thefactsconstitutingthegraverchargebecameknownorwerediscovered

onlyafterapleawasenteredintheformercomplaintorinformation

c. Thepleaofguiltytothelesseroffensewasmadewithouttheconsentoftheprosecutorandoftheoffendedparty(exceptasprovidedinRule116Sec1(f))

3. Whentheaccusedsatisfiesorservesinwholeorinpartthejudgmenta. Heshallbecreditedwiththesameintheeventofconvictionforthegraver

offense

IMPOSSIVIEW:Requisitesofdoublejeopardy

1. 1stjeopardymusthaveattachedpriortothe2 nd

2. 1stjeopardymusthaveterminated3. 2ndjeopardymustbeforthesameoffenseasthatinthe1 st

Requisitesfortheattachmentoflegaljeopardy

1. Acourtwithcompetentjurisdiction2. Acomplaint/information3. Avalidplea4. Acquittal/conviction/dismissal(withouttheconsentoftheaccused)

Art3Sec211987ConstitutionTerminationofjeopardy

1. Acquittal2. Finalconviction3. Dismissalwithoutexpressconsentoftheaccused

Sameevidencetest(sameoffense)

1. Whetheroneoffenseisidenticalwiththeother2. Whetheritisanattemptorfrustrationoftheother3. Whetheroneoffensenecessarilyincludesorisincludedintheother


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Rules(sameoffense)

1. Statute&ordinanceoffensesneednotbethesamehowever,theyflowfromthesameactdoublejeopardy

2. Statute&statute/Statprov1&Statprov21act,2distinctoffensesnodouble

jeopardy

3. SuperveningEvents1. 1stoffenseexistent&2ndoffenseexistent(atthesametime)doublejeopardy

2. 1stoffenseexistent&2ndoffensesupervenednodoublejeopardy

Iffactsconstitutingagraveroffensewereonlydiscovered afterpleanodoublejeopardy

Ex.Tumultuousaffray,afterpleaitwasdiscoveredthattherewasintenttokill

Sec8Provisionaldismissal

1. Acaseshallnotbeprovisionallydismissed(exceptwiththeexpress consentoftheaccused

andwithnoticetotheoffendedparty)

2. Provisionaldismissal(lessthanorequalto6yrsimprisonment/fine(anyamount)/both)a. Shallbecomepermanent1yrafterissuanceoftheorderwithoutthecase

havingbeenrevived

3. Provisionaldismissal(morethan6yrs)a. Shallbecomepermanent2yrsafterissuanceoftheorderwithoutthecase

havingbeenrevived

IMPOSSIVIEW:Provisionaldismissaldismissalwiththeconsentoftheaccused

- Anydismissalwheretheaccusedconsents(express/implied)anditis TEMPORARYincharacter

- Doublejeopardywillnotattachacquittal/conviction/dismissalWITHOUTtheexpressconsentoftheaccused

DealswithdismissalwhicharePERMANENTinnature

Noticetotheoffendedpartywillnotsuffice

- Thenoticeofdismissalshouldalsobegiventothe PUBLICPROSECUTOR(itisthe

prosecutorwhoshallrevivethecaseandnottheoffendedparty)

Theperiodwillonlycommencetorunoncethepublicprosecutorreceivesthenotice

MotiontoquashvProvisionaldismissal

Motiontoquash Provisionaldismissal

Filedbytheaccused Filedeitherbytheaccused/prosecution/both

Formsandcontents(Sec2) Sec2notapplicabletoprovisionaldismissal

Assailsthevalidityofacriminal

complaint/information

Groundedonreasonsotherthanthedefectsof

thecomplaint/information

Allowedbefore arraignment/plea May bemadeanytimeevenduringtrial

Theinformationquashedstaysquasheduntil

itisrevived

Aprovisionaldismissalbyitsowntermsisan

impairmentuntilthetime-barapplies

GR:Dismissalwiththeexpressconsentoftheaccusedwillnotleadtoadoublejeopardy

E:

1. Demurrertoevidence2. Dismissalofthecaseongroundsofspeedytrial

a. VCO:i. Vexatious

ii. Capricious

iii. Oppressivedelaysb. Exclusions(Rule119Sec3)delayscausedintrialotherthandelayscausedby:

i. Petitionforcertiorariii. Otherpendingcasesiii. Jurisdictionoverthepersonoftheaccusedorotheraccusediv. Unsoundmind

v. UnavailabilityorabsenceofwitnessesAslongastheprosecutiondoessomething,thecourtordinarilywillnotdismiss

Sec9Failuretomovetoquashortoallegeanygroundtherefor

- Thefailureoftheaccusedtoassertanygroundofamotiontoquashbeforehepleadstothecomplaintorinformation(didnotfileamotiontoquashorfailedtoallegethe

sameinsaidmotion)

o Shallbedeemedawaiverofanyobjections(exceptthoseunderSec3(a),(b),(g)&(i))

RULE118PRE-TRIAL Sec1Pre-trial;mandatoryincriminalcases

1. InallcriminalcasescognizablebytheSB/RTC/MeTC/MT/MCTC,2. Thecourtshall,afterarraignmentANDwithin30daysfromthedatethecourtacquires

jurisdictionover theperson ofthe accused, (unlessa shorter periodis provided forin

speciallaws/circularsoftheSC),orderapre-trialconferencetoconsiderthefollowing:

a. Pleabargaining

b. Stipulationoffacts(notmandatory,noobligationtostipulate)todoawaywith

provingthesameagainintrialc. Markingforidentificationofevidenceofthepartiesd. Waiverofobjectionstoadmissibilityofevidence

e. Modificationoftheorderoftrialiftheaccusedadmitsthechargebutinterposesalawfuldefense

f. Suchmattersaswillpromoteafairandexpeditioustrialofthecriminalandcivil

aspectsofthecase

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Allwitnessesshouldbenamedinthepre-trialbriefandalldocumentsmustbemarked.Otherwise,it

willnotbeallowedbycourtunless,intheinterestofjustice


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Kindsofpreliminaryconference

1. PreliminaryconferenceundertheGuidelinesandModesofDiscoveryof2004 (beforetheclerkofcourt;summaryprocedure)

a. Markingofevidences(preliminarymarking)

a. Evidence will have value during trial not yet considered asevidenceinitsstrictsense(authenticated,examined,identified,etc.)

b. Admissions

c. Namingofwitnessesd. Identificationoftrialdates

2. PreliminaryconferenceintheCA(Rule48)

3. PreliminaryconferenceintheSCa. Stipulationoffactsincasesoforiginalactions

b. Grantformotionfornewtrial

GR:Youcannotcompromisecriminalcasesanofferofcompromiseofanaccusedisanadmissionof

liability(Rule130Sec27)

E:Judicialdisputeresolutionof2006 certaincriminaloffensesthatbyitsnatureareallowedby

theSCtobecompromisedastoitsCIVILASPECT

1. Theft

2. Libel3. B.P.224. Criminalnegligence

Ifthecivilaspectiscompromisedthecriminalcasewillnotbedismissedbutthedefensemustobtain

an affidavit of desistance fromtheoffendedparty (notbecause theoffendedpartyisno longer

interestedbuttoshowthatthecrimewasnotactuallycommitted)

Theaccusedmust notmove forthe dismissalof thecase basedfromthe compromiselet the

prosecutionbetheonetomovetheaffidavitfordoublejeopardytobaranotherprosecutionfor

thesameoffense

Sec2Pre-trialagreement

1. Allagreementsoradmissionsmadeorenteredduringthepre-trialconferenceshallbe:a. Reducedinwritingb. Signedbytheaccusedandcounsel

Otherwise,theycannotbeusedagainsttheaccused

2. TheagreementscoveringthemattersreferredtoinSec1shallbeapprovedbythecourt

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Rulesonadmissionsbytheaccuses(PeoplevAncheta)

1. Mustbeinwriting2. Signedbytheaccusedandhiscounsel

Sec3Non-appearanceatpre-trialconference

- Ifthecounselfortheaccusedortheprosecutor:o Doesnotappearatthepre-trialconference

o DoesnotofferanacceptableexcuseforhislackofcooperationThecourtmayimposepropersanctionsorpenalties

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Rulesonabsences

1. Iftheaccusedisabsentduringpre-trialheprosecutionCANNOTpresentevidenceex-parteviolationofdueprocess

a. Evidenceex-parteappliesonlytocivilcases2. Iftheprosecution/offendedpartyisabsentthecasewillnotbeaffected

a. Theoffendedpartyisonlyacomplainingwitness

b. Sanctions/penaltiesmaybechargedagainsthim

Sec4Pre-trialorder

- Afterthepre-trialconferencethecourtshallissueanorderreciting: o Theactionstaken o Thefactsstipulated

o Evidencemarked- Suchordershall:(unlessmodifiedbythecourttopreventmanifestinjustice )

o Bindtheparties, o Limitthetrialtomattersnotdisposedof o Controlthecourseoftheactionduringthetrial

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Themattersagreeduponduringthepre-trialconferenceasstatedinthepre-trialordershallbind

theparties(PeoplevGuzman)

RULE119TRIAL Sec1Timetopreparefortrial

- Afterapleaofnotguiltyisentered(Accused)

o Shallhaveatleast15daystopreparefortrial.- Thetrialshallcommencewithin30daysfromreceiptofthepre-trialorder

Sec2Continuoustrialuntilterminated;postponements

- Trialoncecommenced

o Shallcontinuefromdaytodayasfaraspracticableuntilterminated Itmaybepostponedforareasonableperiodoftimeforgoodcause

- Thecourt(afterconsultationwiththeprosecutoranddefensecounsel)o Setthecaseforcontinuoustrialonaweeklyorothershort-termtrialcalendarat

theearliestpossibletime(toensurespeedytrial)

Shallnotexceed180daysfromthe1stdayoftrial(exceptasotherwiseauthorizedbytheSC)

- Thetimelimitationsprovidedunderthissectionandtheprecedingsectiono ShallnotapplywherespeciallawsorcircularsoftheSupremeCourtprovidefor

ashorterperiodoftrial


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Sec3Exclusions

Thefollowingperiodsofdelayshallbe excludedincomputingthetimewithinwhichtrialmustcommence:

A. Otherproceedingsconcerningtheaccused(non-exclusive)a. Examinationofthephysicalandmentalconditionoftheaccusedb. Proceedingswithrespecttoothercriminalchargesagainsttheaccused

c. Extraordinaryremediesagainstinterlocutoryordersd. Pre-trialproceedings(thedelayshallnotexceed30days)

e. Ordersofinhibition/changeofvenueofcases/transferfromothercourtsf. Prejudicialquestiong. Accusedisactuallyunderadvisement(thedelayshallnotexceed30days)

B. Absenceorunavailabilityofanessentialwitnessa. Consideredabsentwhenhiswhereaboutsareunknownorcannotbe

determinedbyduediligence

b. Consideredunavailablewheneverhiswhereaboutsare knownbuthispresence

fortrialcannotbeobtainedbyduediligence

C. Mentalincompetenceorphysicalinabilityoftheaccusedtostandtrial D. Iftheinformationisdismisseduponmotionoftheprosecutionandthereaftera

chargeisfiledagainsttheaccusedforthesameoffense

a. Anyperiodofdelayfromthedatethechargewasdismissedtothedatethetimelimitationwouldcommencetorunastothesubsequentchargehadtherebeen

nopreviouschargeE. Accusedisjoinedfortrialwithaco-accused (overwhomthecourthasnotacquired

jurisdiction)orastowhomthetimefortrialhasnotrunandnomotionforseparatetrial

hasbeengranted

F. Continuancegrantedbyanycourtmotuproprio,oronmotionofeithertheaccused/counsel/prosecution

a. Ifthecourtgrantedthecontinuanceonthebasisofitsfindingssetforthintheorderthattheendsofjusticeservedbytakingsuchactionoutweighthebestinterestofthepublicandtheaccusedinaspeedytrial

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Exclusionstheportionsofdelay,whichisexcludedfromthetimerequiredbylawtocompleteacase

Burdenofproofisupontheprosecutiontoprovethattheexclusionsarepresent

Sec4Factorsforgrantingcontinuance

FactorsthatshallbeconsideredbyacourtindeterminingwhethertograntacontinuanceunderSec3(f)Rule119

1. Whetherornotthefailuretograntacontinuanceintheproceedingwouldmake:a. Acontinuationofsuchproceedingimpossible

b. Resultinamiscarriageofjustice2. Whetherornotthecasetakenasawhole:

a. Isnovel/unusualandcomplexduetothenumberofaccusedorthenatureoftheprosecution

b. Unreasonabletoexpectadequatepreparationwithintheperiodsoftimeestablishedtherein

3. ContinuanceunderSec3(f)Rule119shallNOTbegranted:

a. Congestionofthecourt'scalendar

b. Lackofdiligentpreparation

c. Failuretoobtainavailablewitnessesonthepartoftheprosecutor

IMPOSSIVIEW:Groundsforcontinuance:

1. WONtograntacontinuancewillleadtothemiscarriageofjustice2. WONtheissuespresentedinthecivilcaseissonovel/unusual/complexthatitwill

requiremoretimeforthepartiesandtheircounseltoprepare

Sec5Timelimitfollowinganorderfornewtrial

- Iftheaccusedistobetriedagainpursuanttoan orderforanewtrialo Trialshallcommencewithin30daysfromnoticeoftheorder

- Iftheperiodbecomesimpracticalduetounavailabilityofwitnessesandotherfactors

o Thecourtmayextendit(shallnotexceed180daysfromnoticeofsaidorderforanewtrial)

Sec6ExtendedtimelimitArraignmenttotrialtimelimits(reckoningpoint:fromSept.15,1998)

1. 1sttwelve-calendar-monthperiod180days2. 2ndtwelve-monthperiod120days3. 3rdtwelve-monthperiod80days

NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofSec1(g)Rule116&Sec1Rule119

IMPOSSIVIEW:

The110-daylimitfromarraignmenttotrial

Sec7Publicattorney'sdutieswhereaccusedisimprisoned

1. Ifthepublicattorneyassignedtodefendtheaccused knowsthatthelatterispreventively

detained,eitherbecauseheischargedwitha:

a. Bailablecrimenomeanstopostbailb. Non-bailablecrimec. Servingatermofimprisonmentinanypenalinstitution

2. Itshallbehisdutytodothefollowing:a. Shallpromptlyundertaketoobtainthepresenceoftheprisonerfortria lorcause

anoticetobeservedonthepersonhavingcustodyoftheprisoneradvisethe

prisonerofhisrighttodemandtrial

b. Uponreceiptofthatnotice(custodianoftheprisoner)i. Shallpromptlyadvisetheprisonerofthechargeandofhisrightto

demandtrial

ii. Ifprisonerinformshiscustodianthathedemandssuchtrial1. Thelattershallcausenoticetothateffecttobesent

promptlytothepublicattorney

c. Uponreceiptofsuchnotice(publicattorney)i. Shallpromptlyseektoobtainthepresenceoftheprisonerfortrial

Within30days Within80daysArraignment+pre-tial Trial


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d. Whenthecustodianoftheprisonerreceivesproperlysupportedrequestfor

theavailabilityoftheprisonerforpurposesoftriali. Theprisonershallbemadeavailableaccordingly

Sec8Sanctions

Inanycaseinwhichprivatecounselfortheaccused/thepublicattorney/theprosecutor:

A. Knowinglyallowsthecasetobesetfortrial(withoutdisclosingthatanecessarywitness

wouldbeunavailablefortrial)B. Filesamotionsolelyfordelay(knowsistotallyfrivolousandwithoutmerit)

C. Makesastatementforthepurposeofobtainingcontinuance( knowstobefalseandmaterialtothegrantingofacontinuance)

D. Willfullyfailstoproceedtotrialwithoutjustificationthecourtmaypunishsuch

counsel/attorney/prosecutor:

a. Imposingonacounselprivatelyretainedinconnectionwiththedefenseofanaccused

i. FinenotexceedingP20,000.00 b. Imposingonanyappointedcounseldeofficio/publicattorney/prosecutor

i. FinenotexceedingP5,000.00c. Denyinganydefensecounsel/prosecutortherighttopracticebeforethecourt

tryingthecaseforaperiodnotexceeding30days

IMPOSSIVIEW:

Privatecounsel Notexceeding20,000fine Notexceeding30daysprevention

Counseldeoficio/Public

attorney

Notexceeding5,000f ine Notexceeding30days

prevention

Sec9Remedywhereaccusedisnotbroughttotrialwithinthetimelimit

- IftheaccusedisnotbroughttotrialwithinthetimelimitrequiredbySec1(g)Rule116

&Sec1asextendedbySec6Rule119

o Theinformationmaybedismissedonmotionoftheaccuseddenialofright

tospeedytrial

Theaccusedburdenofprovingthemotion

Theprosecutionburdenofgoingforwardwiththeevidenceto

establishtheexclusionoftimeunderSec3 o Thedismissalshallbesubjecttotherulesondoublejeopardy

- Failureoftheaccusedtomovefordismissalpriortotrialwaiveroftherighttodismissunderthissection

Sec10LawonspeedytrialnotabartoprovisiononspeedytrialintheConstitution

- NoprovisionoflawonspeedytrialandnoruleimplementingthesameshallbeinterpretedasabartoanychargeofdenialoftherighttospeedytrialguaranteedbySec14(2)Art3

1987Constitution

Sec11OrderoftrialThetrialshallproceedinthefollowingorder:

A. Theprosecutiona. Presentevidencetoprovethecharge

b. Civilliability(inpropercases)B. Theaccused

a. Presentevidencetoprovehisdefenseanddamages(arisingfromtheissuanceof

aprovisionalremedyinthecase)C. Theprosecutionandthedefense

a. Mayinthatorder,presentrebuttalandsur-rebuttalevidencei. Unlessthecourtpermitsthemtopresent additionalevidencebearing

uponthemainissue

D. Uponadmissionoftheevidenceofthepartiesa. Thecaseshallbedeemedsubmittedfordecision

i. Unlessthecourtdirectsthemto argueorallyortosubmitwrittenmemoranda

E. Whentheaccusedadmitstheactoromissionchargedinthecomplaintorinformationbutinterposesalawfuldefense

a. Theorderoftrialmaybemodified

IMPOSSIVEIW:

Orderofpresentationofevidencetheordermaybereversedwhentheaccusedpresentsself-

defenseorexculpatorydefenses(subjecttothecourtsdiscretion)

1. Theprosecutionpresentsevidence

2. Theaccusedpresentsevidence3. Presentationofrebuttalandsur-rebuttalevidence

a. Rebuttal(subjecttothediscretionofthecourt)theseare newmatters

presentedbytheaccusedinitspresentationofevidence(ex.alibi,self-defense,

prescription,etc.)

4. Memoranda/memorandum5. Resolution

Sec12Applicationforexaminationofwitnessforaccusedbeforetrial

- Whentheaccusedhasbeenheldtoanswerforanoffenseo Hemay(uponmotionwithnoticetotheotherparties)havewitnesses

conditionallyexaminedinhisbehalf

- Themotionshallstate:o Nameandresidenceofthewitness

o Substanceofhistestimonyo Thewitnessis:

Sick

Infirm(reasonablegroundforbelievingthathewillnotbeableto

attendthetrial)

Residesmorethan100kmfromtheplaceoftrialandhasnomeanstoattendthesame

Othersimilarcircumstancesexist(unavailable/preventedtoappear)

Themotionshallbesupportedbyanaffidavitoftheaccusedandsuchotherevidenceas

thecourtmayrequire


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Sec13Examinationofdefensewitness;howmade

- Ifthecourtissatisfiedthattheexaminationofawitnessfortheaccusedisnecessaryo Ordershallbemadedirectingthatthewitnessbeexaminedata

Specificdate

Time

Place

Thatacopyoftheorderbeservedontheprosecutoratleast3days

beforethescheduledexamination- Theexaminationshallbetakenbefore:(intheorderofpracticability)

o Ajudgeo AmemberoftheBardesignatedbythejudgeo Inferiorcourtiftheorderbemadebyacourtofsuperiorjurisdiction

- TheexaminationshallPROCEEDnotwithstandingtheabsenceoftheprosecutormustbe

dulynotifiedofthehearing- Awrittenrecordofthetestimonyshallbetaken

Sec14Bailtosecureappearanceofmaterialwitness

- Whenthecourtissatisfiedthatamaterialwitnesswillnottestifywhenrequired

o Mayorder(uponmotionofeitherparty)thewitnesstopostbailinsuchsumasmaybedeemedproper

- Uponrefusaltopostbail

o Thecourtshallcommithimtoprisonuntilhecomplies,orislegallydischargedafterhistestimonyhasbeentaken

Sec15Examinationofwitnessfortheprosecution

- Whenitsatisfactorilyappearsthatawitnessfortheprosecutionis:

o