Create an Art Movement

IB 2nd Years Critique Monday October 30th

Art Movement: An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years.

Description: Students will create an art movement by:

1. Choosing 1 or more art movements to study that will inform their movement a. These MUST correspond with the student’s ‘thread’ they already created b. Perform an advanced level critique of many works of art

2. Decide if this movement is in isolation or in a group a. Are there other students whose thread is similar enough to yours that you can

collaborate to form a group? 3. Drawing a ‘family tree’ to explain how their movement grew out of previous movements 4. Writing a manifesto which explains the conceptual and technical rules to follow to be part of

the group 5. Each student must create their own work which follows the rules of the manifesto but interprets

the manifesto differently. a. Will you emphasize tradition? b. Will you emphasize experimentation?

Graded according the above info and the IB Rubrics for both Process Portfolio and Artmaking – be sure to take the time to visit my website to review the IB Rubrics

schedule Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday/Sunday

2 3

4 Receive Assignment and watch History of Modern Art & Annotate – finish as homework

5 Get 10 pts for annotations and decide on Art Movement to learn about- be thinking about your manifesto

6 Moodboard and analysis

7/8 Homework?

9 – 1 HR Early Moodboard and analysis

10 Visual Response and possible proposal

11 Visual Response and possible proposal Homework: Write your manifesto

12 Write Your Manifesto

13 No School 14/15 Homework?

16 10 pts Read Manifesto to other 2nd Years And hang a copy in the window

17 Work on Final Project

18 2hr early Work on Final Project

19 Work on Final Project

20 No School

21/22 Homework?

23 Work on Final Project

24 Work on Final Project Document progress!

25 Work on Final Project

26 Work on Final Project

27 Work on Final Project and make a final reflection page in art journal with a color pic

28/29 Probably have homework

30 Critique for 10 pts if artwork is complete and you are present Turn in completed art journal and artwork for no loss of points

31 Dress up as your favorite artist for class photo

Guided videos as a whole group:

Write a 1 page Manifesto!=An art manifesto is a public declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an artist

or artistic movement

a. Dada Manifesto 1918 TRISTAN TZARA (document) b. http://www.mariabuszek.com/kcai/DadaSurrealism/DadaSurrReadings/TzaraD1.p

df c. Dada Manifesto 1918 (video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSXYb5Q_TXw d. Bauhaus Manifesto 1919

http://www.thelearninglab.nl/resources/Bauhaus-manifesto.pdf

A Contemporary spin on the assignment:

Cyrcle Street Art Manifesto: http://www.cyrcle.com/

Links to research art movements The art history books on your desks The new book in my collection about art movements The art story: http://www.theartstory.org/index.htm MOMA: Art in Themes: https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes Google Arts and Culture (art movements search) https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/category/art-movement An Explanation and List of Manifestos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_manifesto

Watch this video and annotate the notes below – making notes about what you like/dislike for each movement

The History of Modern Art

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPL-Mm9v8ck

Annotate These Notes Associated with “The History of Modern Art”

Modern Art: describes a style and/or philosophy of art in which the traditions of the past have

been thrown aside in the spirit of experimentation.

Modernism: 1860-1970

● Marks a drastic change is experimentation in our history

● Goes from realistic paintings, to surrealism because of the invention of the camera and use of

photography

● Artists can now stop focusing on making things look real as a way to record history, and more

on what they wanted their art to look like and represent

Aesthetics: The philosophy of beauty

Avant-garde: the idea of being ahead of the times, and thus not yet understood or accepted

EX: Like the hunger games capitol style

● Many modern artists were considered this, and thus hated and rejected by the public

EX: Hitler deemed it unacceptable and destroyed many modern

pieces

● Was called Degenerate Art

*********Trends that are followed must contrast with previous styles to be “new”********

Reasons for art: Personal and Cultural

● For spiritual/religious purposes

● To honor people

● Political purposes

● To record history and events

● Self-expression

● Aesthetic

● To represent a culture

Art history showcases the emotion and connect of cultures and events. They keep cultures alive for

decades after. They also increase your awareness of different cultures, ethnicities, or religious beliefs

in the world you live in.

Art Movements

Impressionism: started in France, 1830-1900 [But also had connections in Pennsylvania]

● To capture the effect of light on objects

● How light plays off objects and people in different settings

● To capture the personal impression of what is seen rather than painting accurately

Choppy brush strokes and light pastel colors

Artists:

● Walter Emerson Baum---- new hope impressionism, landscape in Delaware

● Claude Monet----- landscapes/nature, light at different times of day

● Edgar Degas---- ballet dancers, express a voyeur view point

● Pierre-Auguste Renoir---- most famous impressionist

● Mary Cassatt---- lives of women, mothers and children

● Edouard Manet---- cafes and social life, referred to “painted snapshots” urban settings and

people: bohemianism

Post-impressionism:

Mimicked impressionism, but rejected its limitations

● Thick paint

● Use of unnatural colors

● Use of geometric shapes

● Distorted forms for expressionistic effect

Artists:

● Georges Seurat and Paul Signac---- experimented with color mixing, developed

Pointillism

● Henri Rousseau---- Jungle scenes, however he never left France. Animal vs. animal

● Paul Cezanne---- Creator/inspiration of cubism, abstract forms from basic shapes

● Vincent van Gogh---- Ate paint, cut off ear, mentally ill, inspiration of expressionism,

only sold one painting in his lifetime.

● Paul Gauguin---- Left wife and children for Tahiti focused on Tahitian culture. Friend

of van Gogh, purpose for the ear incident, focused on pure color with contrast of heavy black

outlines

● Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec---- Green tones, depicted French nightlife, wealthy

aristocrat, and super small due to “pure-bloodlines”.

Art Nouveau (new art): 1890-1910. Reaction to the industrial revolution

● Nature influenced

● Influenced by industrial/technological advancements

● Household objects such as fabrics and dishes

● Young women in neo-classical robes

● Flowing, movement, soft, organic

● Alphonse Mucho---- Illustrations of young women with luxurious robes and lots of flowers

● Aubrey Beardsley---- Known for delicate pen and ink illustrations that mimicked the style of

Japanese prints

● Gustav Klimt---- Large murals with glass and tile. Many of his pieces were destroyed by Nazis.

But had printed reproductions of his work in books

● Louis Comfort Tiffany----- Elaborate stained glass pieces. Tiffany Lamps

● Charles Rennie mackintosh----influenced by art-deco.

Art Deco:

● Hard geometric shapes

● Strong influence in architecture and magazines

Artists:

● Cassandre---- Commercial artist known for his bazar magazine covers

● William Van Alen---- Designed the Chrysler building in New York

● Erte---- Japanese style prints. Fashion and theater designer.

Japonism:

After the long period of isolation and closed borders, merchant ships came to Japan and began to

import their art.

Affected by World War 1 and 2: Europe

People were torn down and many lives for flipped completely around due to the wars. These art

movements were made and supported as a coping mechanism and way of expressing the new mind set

of the world. A way to support the reconstruction of society

● Cubism---- Abstract, surreal

● Constructivism---- Took place during Russian Revolution. Included propaganda,

supremacism

● Futurism--- From Italy. Similar to cubism. Looking and an object over time, movement.

Favored speed, youth culture, violence everything associated with the “New World”

● Bauhaus---- “house of building”. Comes from Germany. Trying to create more than art.

Functional objects (furniture). Reduced to somethings simplest form.

● DeStijl-- Had a universal appeal. Simplest form. Appeal to everyone in every culture. A

way to bring everyone together to pick up pieces of war.

Artists:

● Pablo Picasso-----cubism, drawn influence from ruined cities of war

● Paul Klee---- Abstract, influence of cubism and, used simple lines and color contracts

● Fernand Leger---- Abstract artists. Painted people from distorted lines and shapes. Complex

use of lines.

● Alexander Calder---- Sculptor, simple structures with an emphasis on the use of color

● Marc Chagall---- Distorted view of people and animals. Unusual use of color and shapes

Dada and surrealism: dada came from surrealism

Dadaism: Stated in 1916

Anti-art movement. Ready-mades forces viewers to question the need for art. What makes art? What

doesn’t? Defied the art was viewed and made in society. Tried to break ALL the rules and limitations

of art as society knew it to be. “Art Pranks”

Ready-Mades: Found object used as art. Added to or changed, but the object would be the center of

the piece, if not the only material used

● Forced us to question the nature of art itself

Artists:

● Marcel Duchamp---- Invented the concept of the “ready-made” sculpture. Protested against

“Popular art”

● Hugo Ball---- Nonsense poetry (sound poetry), people believed he was mocking poetry

● Emmy Hennings

● Sophie Tauber

● Hannah Hoch

● Tristan Tzara

● Jean Arp---- Collage with square arrangements. Laws of chance to create art. Created art pieces

and poetry. Collages that represented men disfigured from war.

Assemblage: Found object put together in unusual ways to make sculptures

● Robert Rauschenberg---- Neo-Dadaist artist

Surrealism:

Contained dream-like qualities. Psychoanalysis of artists and society

Artists:

● Sigmund Freud-----research of subconscious and the mind. Dream interpretation

● Salvador Dali---- Known for the striking images and flamboyant personality

● Frida calla---- Self-portraits that depicted pain and suffering caused by traumatic life events

● Rene Magritte--- Witty and thought provoking images that challenged observers to rethink

their views of reality.

● Remedios Varo---- Allegorical painter that was influenced by the renaissance era

● Leonora Carrington---- Depicted ritual mysticism and animals as psychic guides

● Dorothea Tanning---- Precise renderings of dream-like situations

● M.C. Esther------not an official surrealist.

Fauvism:

Artists employed the use of unusual and random color use. Was considered inappropriate and wild.

Fauve: French for wild beast

Expressionism: Represented the 20th century reaction to industrialism. With all the hardships people

faced, artists choose to focus on emotional representations. Focused on feelings and self-expressions

Artists:

● Henri Matisse---- Rival of Picasso. Developed the concept of “Painting with Scissors”

● Ernst Ludwig Kirchner---- Expressive/figurative landscape paintings. Destroyed by Nazis

● James Ensor---- Creepy carnivals, masks, puppets, and skeletons

● Edvard Munch---- “The Scream” painter, but still has a variety of other great works

● Kathe Kollwitz---- Empathy for the less fortunate and for those who were starved, or in

poverty due to war inspired her art.

● Wassily Kandinsky---- Used music to guide his paintings. Used Automatism

Abstract Expressionism:

Important cultural milestone because it was the first specifically American Movement to achieve

national influence. Look rather unimpressive if not seen in person due to size and use of texture.

Non-Objective work through which the artist seeks to create visual harmony among the elements and

principles of design

Artists:

● Jackson Pollock---- Famous for his unconventional method of dripping paint onto a

canvas, now known as “Splatter Painting”

● Willem De Kooning---- Horrific abstract paintings of women

● Mark Rothko---- Color field paintings. Colors fading into one another, or the placement

specific colors next to each other

● Cy Twombly---- Abstract scribbles and blotches of paint, underappreciated due to the

simplicity of his work

● Franz Kline---- Large white canvas with heavy black lines

● Georgia O’Keefe---- Painted close up images of flowers and animal bones

Pop Art: 1960’s

Reflected American life and culture. Watching television daily was becoming a societal norm, and

being bombarded with advertisements was a constant factor in this art movement. Altering and

glorifying images from pop culture. Represented the lack of presence in our society with the mass

production of merchandise.

Artists:

● Andy Warhol---- “Stealing” images from pop culture and turning them into art. Discovered

stencils and used this process to create his paintings. An icon in pop culture. Had a following

of urban youth in New York

● James Rosenquist---- Billboard painter and eventually created large paintings that reflected

society and everyday life

● Claes Oldenburg---- Sculptor known for making large replications of everyday objects.

● Wayne Thiebaud---- Delicious looking images of desserts. Less known for his landscape

paintings, however they are equally as beautiful

● Jasper Johns---- Used a wax/paint mix. Used icons symbols, numbers, and letters.

● Roy Lichtenstein---- Taking comic scenes, enlarging them and adding dot work to imitate

printing methods. Create large scale comic panels.

1970’s: Marked the end of both pop and modern art. Was a transition into postmodern art

Minimalism: To stripe everything down to its essential qualities in order to achieve simplicity

● Eva Hesse

● Donald Judd

Happenings and Performance Art: Event or situation meant to be considered art.

● Improv Everywhere---- a group based in New York City created in 2001. They strive to

cause a scene of chaos and joy.

Conceptual Art: The idea or concept is more important than the process or art itself. All planning

and decisions are made beforehand, and then the idea becomes the machine that makes the art.

● Yukinori Yanagi---- Flag ant farm

Land/Earth Art: Made using natural materials. Sculpture are not placed in the landscape, rather the

landscape is the means of the sculptures creation.

● Andy Goldsworthy---- sculptures in nature that are photographed before nature destroys it.

Installation Art: 3D works that are site-specific designed to transform the perception of the space.

● Sandy Skoglund---- transformed the room by painting it and placing animal sculptures

in it.

Street/Activist Art: Created outside galleries/ in public spaces. Includes political and social messages

surrounding it.

● Shepard Fairey

● Banksy

● Keith Haring

Installation Art, Conceptual Art, and Street/Activist Art are considered both postmodern and

contemporary

Critique an art movement of your choice from the early 20th century – Make a double page spread

The final destination for all work must be in your art journal – but you may use your Ipad and then print. Consider a clear but interesting layout – see

art magazines for inspiration

Find an art movement or two that you are interested in studying and create moodboards of several/many collected images

You will perform a critique for the overall stylistic approach of the movement on the same page as the images:

On the same page of the Moodboard do the following:

1. Basic Contextual Information – include a timeline of art movements that lead up to the one you chose. Go to the Art Story for assistance.

2. Describe the symbols and imagery used

3. Analyze for elements and principles of design and the rules for making the works

4. Interpret for meaning and function – what are the rules for joining the movement? What are they responding to?

Include the manifesto and annotate or include an article and annotate – be sure to cite sources

5. Judge and Connect – Connect – explain how can you connect to the ideas of

the movement? How will you connect to the aesthetics of the work? - this may be with drawings, diagrams, and writing!

On a new double page spread: Visually respond and make a visual proposal (this could be that same thing, if not, make a proposal after you write your manifesto below

Create a visual response, describing connections to the movement but also showing new ideas that fit into your theme.

Use this chart to clearly state how you will respond to the movement Work Studying Work Creating

Materials Technique Composition Meaning Function

Materials Technique Composition Meaning Function

Write/attach a manifesto for your art movement (your first artist statement)

Create a New Movement (by yourself or in small groups)

Name it what you want or (neo….) Address what your group believes, what it does not believe in, and what rules of

expression it will follow. You will need to address rules on o Materials, o Techniques, o Composition, o Meaning, and o Function of the art produced

See this link to brief descriptions of different movements: https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/article/ten-game-changing-manifestos

Testers: Have you shown skill development to this point? If not – you should do more media exploration and create a refined proposal.

Get started and document your process on your project (required for testers) Reflect on successes and struggles while using as many art specialist words as possible (required for all)