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NAWS-CL TP 008
Coso Monitoring Program October 1995 Through September 1996
by S. D. Lager
B. R. Johnson Public Works Department
JANUARY 1997
^o
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NAVAL AIR WEAPONS STATION CHINA LAKE, CA 93555-6100
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
DTIC QUALHY INSPECTED 1
Naval Air Weapons Station
FOREWORD
This report presents the status of the Coso Monitoring Program conducted for the period October 1995 through September 1996 by the Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS), China Lake, Calif. The investigation, funded under the NAWS Coso Geothermal Development Program, is being conducted to provide baseline information on hydrology and surface geothermal activity in the Coso Hot Springs area.
This report was reviewed for technical accuracy by Allan M. Katzenstein and Steven C. Bjornstad (NAWS 83GOOD).
Approved by Under authority of W. OSTAG S. DOUGLASS Capt., U.S. Navy Capt., U.S. Navy Public Works Officer Commanding Officer 15 January 1997
Released for publication by J. DODD Capt., U.S. Navy Director, Shore Station Management
NAWS-CL Technical Publication 008
Published by Public Works Department Collation Cover, 26 leaves First printing 175 copies
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188
Public repotting burden tor this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and
maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information,
including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services. Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington,
VA 22202-4302. and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.
1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE
January 1997 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
Final Oct1995-Sep 1996 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Coso Monitoring Program October 1995 Through September 1996 (U)
5. FUNDING NUMBERS
6. AUTH0R(S)
S. D. Lager and B. R. Johnson
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESSES)
Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, CA 93555-6100
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER
NAWS-CL TP 008
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, CA 93555-6100
10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12A. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
A Statement; public release, distribution is unlimited. 12B. DISTRIBUTION CODE
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum ZOO words)
(U) The Coso Monitoring Program is a continuing effort in support of the Navy's geothermal resources within the Coso Known Geothermal Resource Area (Coso KGRA). A substantial body of reports has been established on this project (15 technical publications) and the project is essentially the same year to year, therefore much of the text of each report reiterates previously published information. This year's report concentrates on data presentation and interpretation; the reader is referred to the 1993/1994 summary report (NAWS-CL TP 006) for detailed descriptions of the overall project and the individual sites monitored.
14. SUBJECT TERMS
Coso Monitoring Program Steam Flow, Coso Hot Springs Barometric Pressure Environmental Monitoring Water Analysis Ambient Temperature Geothermal Development Water Level, Coso Hot Springs Relative Humidity
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
48
16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT
UNCLASSIFIED
18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
UNLIMITED
NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102
UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
Standard Form 298 Back (Rev. 2-89) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
NAWS-CL TP 008
CONTENTS
Introduction 3
Steam How and Temperature Monitoring 6 Devils Kitchen 6 Stove Pipe Eight-Inch Steam Well (4H-4) 6 Schober's Wells (4A-2 and 4A-3) 6
Coso Hot Springs Mudfield Photographic Record 9
Water Level Monitoring 14 Observation Wells 14 South Pool 19
Rainfall at Coso Resort Area and Rose Valley 22
Coso Hot Springs Mini-Weather Recording Station 27
Water Analysis of Coso Hot Springs Area 29
Temperature Recordings of the Coso Resort Area Wells 30
Other Geothermal Activity at Coso Hot Springs 35 West Canyons 35
Discussion and Summary 36
References 38
Appendix: Daily Steam Flow 39
Figures: 1. Coso Known Geothermal Resource Area Monitoring Sites 5 2. Devils Kitchen Steam Flow, October 1995 Through September 1996 7 3. Well 4H-4 Steam How, October 1995 Through September 1996 7 4. Wells 4A-2 and 4A-3 Steam How, October 1995 Through September 1996 8
1
NAWS-CL TP 008
5. Resort Mud Pot Area, August 1996 9 6. South Pool, High Water Level, May 1996 10 7. South Pool, Low Water Level, September 1996 10 8. Schober's Resort Area, March 1996 11 9. West Canyon, Looking West Up Canyon, March 1996 11 10. Northern West Canyon Land Slump, March 1996 12 11. Northern West Canyon Land Slump, October 1996 12 12. Nichol Prospect Warm Pool, March 1996 13 13. Nichol Prospect Warm Pool, August 1996 13 14. Water Levels in Coso Observation Wells, January 1980 Through September 1996 16 15. Shut-in Wellhead Pressure, Coso No. 1, November 1993 Through September 1996 18 16. South Pool Elevation and Temperature, January 1988 Through September 1996 20 17. South Pool Elevations, January 1980 Through September 1996 21 18. Comparison of Total Rainfall at Coso Basin and Rose Valley, 1979 Through 1995 24 19. Comparison of Total Rainfall at IWV, Rose Valley, and Coso Basin Sites,
1967 Through 1995 26 20. Weather Station One, Hourly Data, 19 January 1994 Through 30 September 1996 28 21. Temperature Profiles 33
Tables: 1. Monitoring Functions and Locations 4 2. Observation Well Water Level Data 15 3. Shut-in Wellhead Pressure, Coso No. 1 17 4. South Pool Elevation and Temperature Changes 19 5. Rainfall Recorded at the Coso Rain Stations and Rose Valley 22 6. IWV, Rose Valley, and Coso Basin Rainfall 25 7. Chemical Analysis of Coso Area Surface and Near-Surface Thermal Waters 29 8. Temperature Recordings at Well 4K-1 30 9. Temperature Recordings at Well 4P-1 31 10. Temperature Recordings at Coso No. 1 32
NAWS-CL TP 008
INTRODUCTION
The Coso Monitoring Program was initiated in 1978 to gather baseline data on the surface and near-surface geothermal activity at Devils Kitchen and Coso Hot Springs located inside the boundaries of the Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS), China Lake, Calif., the main thermal sites within the Coso Known Geothermal Resource Area (Coso KGRA). This report represents the nineteenth year of continuous data collection.
The format of the report for the current reporting period hasn't been changed from last year's report. A substantial body of reports has been established on this project (15 technical publications) and the project is essentially the same year to year, therefore much of the text of each report reiterates previously published information. This year's report concentrates on data presentation and interpretation and the reader is referred to the 1993/1994 summary report (Reference 1) for detailed descriptions of the overall project and the individual sites monitored.
Seasonal and diurnal variations of the thermal activity in these hot spring areas continue to be evident. Overall, the level of activity has been very stable during this reporting period.
Monitoring sites of the Coso Hot Springs area and type of data collected at each site are presented in Table 1. The location of each site is shown in Figure 1.
NAWS-CL TP 008
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400
350
300
Daily High Daily Low Daily Ave.
Oct-95 Nov-95 Dec-95 Jan-96 Feb-96 Mar-96 Apr-96 May-96 Jun-96 Jul-96 Aug-96 Sep-96 Oct-96
FIGURE 2. Devils Kitchen Steam Flow, October 1995 Through September 1996.
400
350
Q.300 Q.
200
150
A Daily High » Daily Low Daily Ave.
Oct-95 Nov-95 Dec-95 Jan-96 Feb-96 Mar-96 Apr-96 May-96 Jun-96 Jul-96 Aug-96 Sep-96 Oct-96
FIGURE 3. Well 4H-4 Steam How, October 1995 Through September 1996.
NAWS-CL TP 008
Daily High * Dialy Low —^ Daily Ave.
750 Oct-95 Nov-95 Dec-95 Jan-96 Feb-96 Mar-96 Apr-96 May-96 Jun-96 Jul-96 Aug-96 Sep-96 Oct-96
FIGURE 4. Wells 4A-2 and 4A-3 Steam Flow, October 1995 Through September 1996.
NAWS-CL TP 008
COSO HOT SPRINGS MUDFIELD PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORD
A weekly photographic record was initiated in January 1978 to document the fluctuation in fluid levels in several of the more prominent mud pots in the Coso KGRA. Over the years the photo record has provided a clear picture of this hot springs thermal activity. It has demonstrated the sensitivity of the hot springs to both seasonal weather changes and individual weather events, such as summer thunderstorms. It has also chronicled the changes in thermal activity that occurred throughout the Coso Hot Springs area in the late 1980s. This weekly photo record was continued through this reporting period and is catalogued and stored at the Geothermal Program Office.
Selected photographs. Figures 5 through 13, show the typical level of thermal activity in the hot springs area throughout the past year.
FIGURE 5. Resort Mud Pot Area, August 1996.
NAWS-CL TP 008
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FIGURE 6. South Pool, High Water Level, May 1996.
FIGURE 7. South Pool, Low Water Level, September 1996.
10
NAWS-CL TP 008
FIGURE 8. Schober's Resort Area, March 1996.
FIGURE 9. West Canyon, Looking West Up Canyon, March 1996.
11
NAWS-CL TP 008
FIGURE 10. Northern West Canyon Land Slump, March 1996.
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NAWS-CL TP 008
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FIGURE 12. Nichol Prospect Warm Pool, March 1996.
FIGURE 13. Nichol Prospect Warm Pool, August 1996.
13
NAWS-CL TP 008
WATER LEVEL MONITORING
OBSERVATION WELLS
Groundwater levels are monitored in four wells. Weekly measurements are taken at wells 4P- 1, OB-1 and OB-2, while the water level of another well, Coso No. 1 (4H-8), is determined indirectly from temperature logs and weekly wellhead pressure readings. These level data are listed in Table 2. Figure 14 shows a summary graph of Coso observation well water levels from 1980 to the present. Depth to water data have been translated to true elevation.
The fluid level elevation in well 4P-1 continues to gradually rise, from 3590.5 feet above sea level (ASL) at the beginning of the monitoring program in 1978 to 3613.3 feet ASL at the end of September 1996. Well 4P-1 is a hot, steam condensate well and is located on the upthrown side of the Coso Hot Springs fault, about 150 feet from the fault line, toward the south end of the hot springs area. It is completed in alluvial fill material. As discussed in Reference 2, this well appears to tap a small perched aquifer that is not directly connected to the regional aquifer.
Observations wells OB-1 and OB-2 are water wells located in the Upper Coso Basin, about three-quarters of a mile east of the fault line. Both of these wells are completed in sedimentary, valley fill material. The water level elevation in OB-1 continues the decline described in previous reports, dropping from about 3432 feet ASL in 1988 to about 3386.8 feet ASL by September 1996. The water level in OB-2, however, rose about 10 feet during 1989 and 1990. This level appears to have stabilized at about 3365 feet ASL.
Coso No. 1 is located toward the north end of the Coso Hot Springs fault and is completed in bedrock. The fluid level in Coso No. 1 declined slightly from 3473 to about 3465 feet ASL between 1978 and October 1987. At that lowered fluid level, the well began to boil. The fluid level dropped rapidly to about 3410 feet ASL by September 1988, and the wellbore became plugged with salt and scale. Coso No. 1 was rehabilitated in 1993 and shut-in to reduce boiling and scaling. The current fluid level (determined from the temperature gradient log) is at about 3300 feet ASL.
Shut-in wellhead pressures for Coso No. 1 are recorded weekly from both the 4-inch wellbore and the 7-inch intermediate casing around the wellbore. The wellbore is completed to 370 feet in bedrock, while the intermediate casing is set to 194 feet at the alluvium/bedrock interface. Table 3 is a listing of the current year's recorded pressures. Figure 15 is a summary graph of these pressures from November 1993 to the present.
14
NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLE 2. Observation Well Water Level Data.
Water level elevations,
ft, AMSL
Ground level at well location, Ground level, ft, AMSL ft, AMSL
Date 4P-1 OB-1 OB-2 Coso 1
3662.0 3570.0 3560.0 3615.0
Water level measurements Water level3
4P-1 OB-1 OB-2 Coso 1
10Oct95 3612.1 3387.9 3366.6 17 0ct95 3612.1 3386.8 3366.6 24 Oct 95 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 31 Oct 95 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 7 Nov 95 3610.9 3386.8 3365.5
14Nov95 3610.9 3386.8 3365.5 24 Nov 95 3610.9 3386.8 3365.5 28 Nov 95 3612.1 3386.8 3364.3
5 Dec 95 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 3300.0 12 Dec 95 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5
3 Jan 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 9 Jan 96 3612.1 3385.6 3365.5
16 Jan 96 3612.1 3385.6 3365.5 24 Jan 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 31 Jan 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.3
7 Feb 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 14 Feb 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 21 Feb 96 3612.1 3386.8 3364.3 28 Feb 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5
6 Mar 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 13 Mar 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 20 Mar 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 27 Mar 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5
3 Apr 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 10 Apr 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 18 Apr 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 25 Apr 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 2 May 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 9 May 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5
15 May 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 23 May 96 3612.1 3386.8 3364.3 29 May 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5
5 Jun 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 12 Jun 96 3612.1 3386.8 3364.3 20 Jun 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 26 Jun 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5
3 Jul 96 3612.1 3386.8 3365.5 10 Jul 96 3612.1 3385.6 3365.5 17 Jul 96 3610.9 3385.6 3365.5 24 Jul 96 3610.9 3385.6 3365.5 1 Aug 96 3610.9 3385.6 3365.5 7 Aug 96 3613.3 3385.6 3365.5
14 Aug 96 3613.3 3386.6 3365.5 21 Aug 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 28 Aug 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5
4 Sep 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 11 Sep 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 18 Sep 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5 26 Sep 96 3613.3 3386.8 3365.5
Coso 1 water level is determined indirectly from temperature logs and weekly wellhead pressure readings.
15
NAWS-CL TP 008
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NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLE 3. Shut-in Wellhead Pressure, Coso No. 1.
Date 4-inch casing, psig
10Oct95 17 0ct95 24 Oct 95 31 Oct 95 7 Nov 95
14 Nov 95 24 Nov 95 28 Nov 95
5 Dec 95 12 Dec 95
3 Jan 96 9 Jan 96
16 Jan 96 24 Jan 96 31 Jan 96 7 Feb 96
14 Feb 96 21 Feb 96 28 Feb 96 6 Mar 96
13 Mar 96 20 Mar 96 27 Mar 96
3 Apr 96 10 Apr 96 18 Apr 96 25 Apr 96 2 May 96 9 May 96
15 May 96 23 May 96 29 May 96
5 Jun 96 12 Jun 96 20 Jun 96 26 Jun 96
3 Jul 96 10 Jul96 17 Jul 96 24 Jul 96 1 Aug 96 7 Aug 96
14 Aug 96 21 Aug 96 28 Aug 96
4 Sep 96 11 Sep 96 18 Sep 96 26 Sep 96
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.6 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.5
17
NAWS-CL TP 008
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NAWS-CL TP 008
SOUTH POOL
The South Pool water level has continued the pattern of seasonal fluctuations throughout this reporting period, ranging from a low of 3612.2 feet in October 1995 to a high of 3620.4 feet in March of 1996 (Table 4). The pool's temperature is periodically measured, as conditions permit. Water temperatures for this period continued to average above 200 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature and water elevations of the pool for January 1988 through September 1996, the period of increased activity, are shown graphically in Figure 16, while the pool elevation recorded for the entire monitoring program period is shown in Figure 17.
TABLE 4. South Pool Elevation and Temperature Changes.
Date Elevation, Temperature, Date Elevation, Temperature, ft °F ft °F
10 Oct 95 3616.4 200 18 Apr 96 3620.0 211 17 Oct 95 3616.3 198 25 Apr 96 3620.1 209 24 Oct 95 3616.2 199 2 May 96 3620.4 208 31 Oct 95 3616.5 187 9 May 96 3619.6 208 7 Nov 95 3616.9 190 15 May 96 3619.5 207
14 Nov 95 3616.9 190 23 May 96 3619.0 206 21 Nov 95 3617.2 189 29 May 96 3619.4 205 28 Nov 95 3617.2 182 5 Jun 96 3619.1 204
5 Dec 95 2617.2 183 12 Jun 96 3619.4 204 12 Dec 95 3617.2 182 20 Jun 96 3618.5 210
3 Jan 96 3618.1 190 26 Jun 96 3618.3 no data 9 Jan 96 3618.4 no data 3 Jul 96 3618.1 204
16 Jan 96 3618.6 195 10 Jul 96 3617.9 205 24 Jan 96 3618.8 212 17 Jul 96 3617.6 207 31 Jan 96 3619.0 no data 24 Jul 96 3617.3 206 7 Feb 96 3619.0 205 1 Aug 96 3617.0 203
14 Feb 96 3619.1 202 7 Aug 96 3617.1 201 21 Feb 96 3619.3 205 14 Aug 96 3616.7 203 28 Feb 96 3619.7 205 21 Aug 96 3616.6 201
6 Mar 96 3619.7 206 28 Aug 96 3616.4 207 13 Mar 96 3619.4 204 4 Sep 96 3616.2 no data 20 Mar 96 3620.0 205 11 Sep 96 3616.3 211 27 Mar 96 3620.4 207 18 Sep 96 3616.3 211
3 Apr 96 3620.0 210 26 Sep 96 3616.3 211 10 Apr 96 3619.6 209
19
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NAWS-CL TP 008
RAINFALL AT COSO RESORT AREA AND ROSE VALLEY
Rainfall in the Coso Hot Springs basin is monitored at five rain station sites, as mapped in Figure 1. Instrumentation at each site consists of a battery-operated long-term strip recorder that is triggered by a tipping bucket. The Rose Valley data are collected at the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Haiwee Reservoir Plant. This year there were no interruptions in rainfall data collection.
Data from the Coso rain stations and the Rose Valley data from the Haiwee power plant are presented in Table 5 and Figure 18. Comparative rainfall data for the Indian Wells Valley (IWV), Rose Valley, and Coso Basin for the period 1967 through 1995 are shown in Table 6 and Figure 19. IWV data were gathered at Armitage Field, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWPNS), and provided by a NAWCWPNS meteorologist.
TABLE 5. Rainfall Recorded at the Coso Rain Stations and Rose Valley.
Coso Hot Springs area Rose Valley
Date Tipping bucket stations (rainfall, in.)
Date Rainfall,
1 2 3 4 5 in.
03 Oct 95 0.02 26 Nov 95 0.01
12 Dec 95 0.07 12 Dec 95 0.05 17 Dec 95 0.01 13 Dec 95 0.40 18 Dec 95 0.09 14 Dec 95 0.08 23 Dec 95 0.03 23 Dec 95 0.34 24 Dec 95 0.10 30 Dec 95 0.15 31 Dec 96 0.03 21 Jan 96 0.04 19 Jan 96 0.82 16 Jan 96 0.01 25 Jan 96 0.03 30 Jan 96 0.02 28 Jan 96 0.12 31 Jan 96 0.18 0.38 01 Feb 96 0.04 0.02 31 Jan 96 0.01 17 Feb 96 0.01 01 Feb 96 0.20 19 Feb 96 0.02 0.03 0.01 02 Feb 96 0.01 20 Feb 96 0.04 0.14 0.20 20 Feb 96 0.48 23 Feb 96 0.02 21 Feb 96 0.20 26 Feb 96 0.05 28 Feb 96 0.04 0.02 01 Mar 96 0.01 02 Mar 96 0.03 07 Mar 96 0.08 05 Mar 96 0.06
22
NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLE 5 . (Contd.)
Coso Hot Springs area Rose Valley
Date Tipping bucket stations (rainfall, in. ) Date Rainfall,
1 2 3 4 5 in.
09 Mar 96 0.06 10 Mar 96 0.07
12 Mar 96 0.08 0.04 13 Mar 96 0.11 0.21 0.07 13 Mar 96 0.06 17 Mar 96 0.02 14 Mar 96 0.13 18 Mar 96 0.09 15 Mar 96 0.05 19 Mar 96 0.04 29 Mar 96 0.06 02 Apr 96 0.02 07 Apr 96 0.04 14 Apr 96 0.02 01 Apr 96 0.01 17 Apr 96 0.01 17 Apr 96 0.02 21 Apr 96 0.02 18 Apr 96 0.11
25 May 96 0.06 25 May 96 0.12 29 May 96 0.01 26 May 96 0.13 26 Jun 96 0.02 0.03 0.03 27 Jun 96 0.01 12 Jul96 0.03 13 Jul 96 0.26 30 Jul 96 0.01 28 Jul 96 0.10
14 Aug 96 0.01 0.01 14 Sep 96 0.01 19 Sep 96 0.01 1.31
TOTAL 0.64 0.68 1.13 0.16 0.30 TOTAL 3.8
23
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NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLE 6. IWV, Rose Valley, and Coso Basin Rainfall.
Year IWV Rose Valley Coso Basin
1967 4.28 4.32
1968 3.16 3.26
1969 5.55 8.80
1970 3.74 6.45
1971 1.47 2.87
1972 1.24 1.90
1973 2.58 4.56
1974 7.46 9.19
1975 1.64 2.79
1976 3.74 8.50
1977 4.67 8.34
1978 10.68 12.61
1979 5.56 4.97 2.67
1980 6.31 7.75 7.34
1981 4.49 6.34 4.28
1982 4.73 5.26 4.05
1983 10.56 12.14 10.70
1984 5.95 7.84 3.23
1985 1.29 3.42 1.42
1986 3.68 4.68 4.19
1987 4.43 4.77 5.04
1988 3.76 5.36 1.51
1989 0.94 1.85 1.51
1990 1.78 3.53 2.24
1991 7.83 9.41 5.15
1992 8.10 8.40 4.38
1993 0.94 2.83 1.04
1994 6.76 9.69 4.78
1995 7.88 3.80 0.69
25
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26
NAWS-CL TP 008
COSO HOT SPRINGS MINI-WEATHER RECORDING STATION
Barometric pressure, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and wind direction are recorded at Weather Station One, located adjacent to observation well OB-1. In March 1996 this station was integrated into the base-wide weather monitoring network. During this transition the data from January 1996 through March 1996 were lost. This site is now maintained by NAWCWPNS Geophysics Operation personnel.
Barometric pressure, ambient temperature, and relative humidity were collected hourly at Weather Station One from 19 January 1994 through 30 September 1996; these data have been consolidated into a graph (Figure 20). Actual hourly data are expansive and will not be published. It is available from the Geothermal Program Office upon request.
27
NAWS-CL TP 008
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28
NAWS-CL TP 008
WATER ANALYSIS OF COSO HOT SPRINGS AREA
Water samples were collected from several sites in the Coso Hot Springs area. These samples were analyzed for a suite of geothermal constituents by NAWCWPNS' Environmental Analysis Facility. The results are provided in Table 7. Wells 4K-1, Coso No. 1 (4H-4), 4P-1, and 4K-1, as well as sites at Devils Kitchen, South Pool, West Canyon, Nichol Pool, Nichol Prospect and the West Canyon were analyzed.
TABLE 7. Chemical Analysis of Coso Area Surface and Near-Surface Thermal Waters.
4A-1 4K-1 4P-1 Coso Well Devils Nichol South West No. 1 Kitchen Pool Pool Canyon
Constituents Units 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96 2/28/96
Aluminum mg/L a 0.06 0.07 0.31 15.2 2.54 61.4 0.22 Antimony mg/L a a a 8.80 a a a a Arsenic mg/L a a 0.07 4.47 0.16 0.76 0.44 a Barium mg/L 0.09 a 0.11 0.09 a 0.09 a 0.06
Bicarbonate mg/L 84.30 41.50 86.90 223 a a a 1.32 Boron mg/L 0.05 0.205 0.09 1.35 3.35 49.3 9.12 0.11 Bromide mg/L a 0.160 0.191 3.56 a 3.42 a a Calcium mg/L 27.00 3.21 92.00 3.10 55.3 48.9 148 78.5
Carbonate mg/L 0.269 0.854 0.290 1520 a a a a Chloride mg/L 2.00 4.27 18.9 881 3.34 1140 5.16 6.51 Conductivity jimhos/cm 350 238 1400 18400 5180 5060 3070 1250 Copper mg/L a a a a a 0.05 0.55 a
Fluoride mg/L 0.04 1.29 a 69.00 a 0.086 a 0.158 Hydroxide mg/L 0.012 0.008 0.012 25.388 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Iron mg/L 0.09 1.66 0.99 0.14 51.50 30.5 141 2.98 Lithium mg/L a 0.06 0.08 51.5 0.08 3.59 0.11 0.05
Magnesium mg/L 0.13 0.12 0.83 a 21.4 8.05 64.00 13.2 Manganese mg/L 0.06 a 0.46 a 1.44 1.16 4.28 3.02 Mercury mg/L a 0.00109 0.00438 a a 0.00115 a 0.00067 pH pH units 7.84 7.65 7.86 11.17 2.00 2.40 2.50 4.94
Potassium mg/L 2.33 7.19 80.00 270 32.5 115 24.2 30.3 Selenium mg/L 0.05 1.41 0.05 1.92 a 0.903 a a Silica mg/L 84.2 118 125 3340 277 316 241 263 Sodium mg/L 54.8 41.9 163 3860 37 720 41.00 108
Strontium mg/L 0.33 a 1.36 0.89 0.08 0.16 0.06 0.20 Sulfate mg/L 98.3 63.3 532 1510 1110 478 1880 557 TDS mg/L 327 429 1460 14900 1640 2980 2930 1160 Thallium mg/L a a a 0.04 a a a a Zinc mg/L 3 0.15 0.35 2.76 0.14 0.15 1.34 0.12 a None detect Bd.
29
NAWS-CL TP 008
TEMPERATURE RECORDINGS OF THE COSO RESORT AREA WELLS
The temperature logs from Wells 4K-1,4P-1, and Coso No. 1 are graphed in Figure 21, with the data listed in Tables 8 through 10. These data were recorded using the TD Probe System, manufactured by Natural Progress Instruments, Dallas, Texas.
TABLE 8. Temperature Recordings at Well 4K-1.
Depth, ft Elevation, ft AMSL Temperature °F on 12/06/96
0 3658 206.0
-5 3653 206.0
-10 3648 206.0
-15 3643 206.0
-20 3638 206.0
-25 3633 206.0
-30 3628 206.0
-35 3623 206.0
-40 3618 206.0
-45 3613 206.0
-50 3608 206.0
-51 3607 206.0
-52 3606 206.0
-53 3605 207.9
-54 3604 208.9
-55 3603 208.9
-60 3598 211.0
-65 3593 211.0
-70 3588 211.0
-75 3583 212.1
-80 3578 212.1
30
NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLES ». Temperature Recordin gsatWell4P-l.
Depth, ft Elevation, ft AMSL Temperature °F
on 12/6/96
0 3662 195.7
-5 3657 205.8
-10 3652 205.8
-15 3647 205.8
-20 3642 205.8
-25 3637 205.8
-30 3632 205.8
-35 3627 205.8
-40 3622 205.8
-45 3617 205.8
-50 3612 205.8
-51 3611 205.8
-52 3610 206.9
-53 3609 207.9
-54 3608 207.9
-55 3607 208.9
-56 3606 211.0
-57 3605 211.0
-58 3604 212.1
-59 3603 212.1
-60 3602 213.2
-65 3597 219.0
-70 3592 222.8
-75 3587 222.8
-80 3582 224.2
-85 3577 225.5
-90 3572 226.9
-95 3567 234.7
-100 3562 239.9
-102 3560 243.7
-105 3557 249.9
31
NAWS-CL TP 008
TABLE 10. Temperature Recordings at Coso No. 1.
Depth, ft Elevation, ft AMSL Temperature °F on 12/6/96
0 3615 251.5 -10 3605 251.5 -20 2595 251.5 -30 2585 252.0 -40 2575 252.0 -50 2565 252.0 -60 2555 252.0 -70 2545 252.0 -80 2535 252.1 -90 2525 252.1
-100 2515 252.1 -110 2505 252.1 -120 2495 252.1 -130 2485 252.2 -140 2475 252.2 -150 2465 252.2 -160 2455 252.2 -170 2445 252.2 -180 2435 252.2 -190 2425 252.3 -200 2415 252.3 -210 2405 252.3 -220 2395 252.3 -230 2385 252.4 -240 2375 252.4 -250 2365 252.4 -260 2355 252.4 -270 2345 252.4 -280 2335 252.4 -290 2325 252.4 -300 2315 252.4 -305 2310 252.4 -310 2305 252.4 -315 2300 252.4 -320 2295 255.8 -321 2294 257.3 -322 2293 257.7 -323 2292 258.8 -324 2291 259.0 -325 2290 259.4 -326 2289 259.6 -327 2288 259.9 -328 2287 260.1 -329 2286 260.1 -330 2285 260.7 -331 2284 261.0 -332 2283 261.3 -335 2282 261.9 -340 2281 263.0 -345 2276 264.3 -350 2271 264.9 -355 2266 265.4 -356 2267 | 265.8
32
NAWS-CL TP 008
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34
NAWS-CL TP 008
OTHER GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY AT COSO HOT SPRINGS
WESTCANYONS
The two west canyons are located approximately 0.7 km west of the Coso Resort area and on a course perpendicular to the strike-slip fault that runs north and south through the Coso Hot Springs area (Figure 1).
The southerly canyon (Figure 9), which has rain station No. 2 located at the west end, consists of hydrothermal alteration and scattered thermal activity both in the canyon and a wide area at the mouth of the canyon. The geology of this canyon indicates an extensive period of thermal activity, as well as historic fluctuation of these thermal features. The prominent area of activity in the canyon includes an active steam vent bordering a vigorously boiling pool. At a greater distance up the canyon are two diminutive steam vents, small springs and fossil hot spring terrace deposits. Thermal activity in these areas is sporadic, depending upon climatic conditions. No notable changes in the level of thermal activity have occurred here during this reporting period.
The northerly west canyon (Figures 10,11) holds an extensive area of hydrothermal alteration and fossil hot spring deposits. Present thermal activity is limited to warm-to-hot ground with a small number of steam vents. The earth slump, first noted in NAWS-CL TP 001, has continued to stabilize during the past year. Much of the slump area is warm-to-hot, with steam emanating from multiple vents, specifically along the face of the slump. The small pools of mud and steam condense, noted in last years summary, are still present to the west of the slump.
One of the indicators of newly heated ground is the die-off of vegetation. The distribution of plant life in these canyons has stayed essentially unchanged. As a whole, these sites appear to be unchanged from last year.
35
NAWS-CL TP 008
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
The data recovered from each of the steam flow monitoring sites: Devils Kitchen, Well 4H-4, and Schober's Resort are considerably less erratic this year than the data recovered in the past several years. This may be due to the new recording equipment and a formal periodic maintenance and calibration schedule, although this apparent stability could also be due to a stabilization of the thermal flux in the hot springs area. Continued monitoring of these sites may better define this issue.
The water level in well 4P-1 slowly continues to rise—about 21 feet since the beginning of the monitoring program in 1978. Most of this water level rise has occurred since 1989. The water in this well is predominately a steam condensate and probably represents a small perched water table.
In contrast to well 4P-1, the water level in well OB-1 continues to drop slightly. Well OB-1 is located adjacent to the south side of Coso Wash and is clearly set in valley fill sediments, so it is unclear why the level has dropped some 40 feet since 1988. While water analyses indicate a partial geothermal fluid component, the predominant water source is clearly inflow of meteoric water from the mountains to the north and east. The groundwater around well OB-1 may still be responding to relatively low rainfall conditions in the region from 1985 through 1990, or the groundwater may just be seeking equilibrium with groundwater on the north side of the wash (represented by well OB-2).
As discussed in previous monitoring reports, the water level in Coso No. 1 is clearly influenced by the thermal activity along the hot springs fault. The level has dropped about 175 feet since 1984 due to a significant influx of heat and boiling-off of water. Since the wellhead was repaired and the well shut in, the water level appears to have stabilized.
There has been no significant change in thermal activity at the South Pool this past year. The water level continues to fluctuate seasonally, as does the water temperature, which exhibits about a fifteen degree (F) seasonal variation.
Additional observations:
During this reporting period, the central Coso Fault thermal area has remained very stable. The thermal area includes the old corrosion array, the Coso Resort mudfield, the South Pool, and the smaller pool and pots in between. No new mud pots have appeared here and the existing mud pots, craters, and fumaroles have not changed in appearance.
The surface ground temperatures at previously recognized hot spots both around the Upper Coso Wash Valley and along the periphery of the Coso Fault system have remained stable during the monitoring period. A hot spot is identified by warm-to-hot near-surface temperatures, discolored (cooked) soil, and/or die-off of vegetation. The shallow-rooted grasses, scrubs and deep-rooted creosote bushes that grew in these hot spots have remained the same since the last monitoring period. Some specific vegetation recovery areas are: along the fault line North of
36
NAWS-CL TP 008
Schober's Resort, in the northerly west canyon, around and south of well 4P-1, and in several areas in the valley east of Schober's Resort.
This year's data, particularly data obtained from the surface pools, pots, fumaroles, and hot spots, indicate seasonal fluctuation in temperatures and water levels; however, no significant increase or decrease of activity is occurring or has occurred during this monitoring period. Continuance of this monitoring program will enable us to determine if this stable trend continues.
37
NAWS-CL TP 008
REFERENCES
1. Naval Air Weapons Station. Coso Monitoring Program, October 1993 Through September 1994, by S. C. Bjomstad, Public Works Department, J. H. Monahan, J. K. Sprouse and D. M. White, Comarco Weapons Support Division, Ridgecrest, Calif. China Lake, Calif., NAWS-CL, January 1995. 106 pp. (NAWS-CL TP 006, publication UNCLASSIFIED.)
Coso Monitoring Program, October 1991 Through September 1992, by J. H. Monahan and K. L. Larson, Comarco Weapons Support Division, Ridgecrest, Calif. China Lake, Calif, NAWS-CL, December 1992. 123 pp. (NAWS-CL TP 001, publication UNCLASSIFIED.)
38
NAWS-CL TP 008
Appendix
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G0C0G>0)C7)0?0>0)O0)0)OO0)0).C7>0>0)0>C7>C7)O0)0)G)G>0)0)G>O0)0> oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
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