Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1 Overview of four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Nervous tissue:

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.1 Overview of four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

Nervous tissue: Internal communication• Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement• Muscles attached to bones (skeletal)• Muscles of heart (cardiac)• Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)

Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters• Skin surface (epidermis)• Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs

Connective tissue: Supports, protects, bindsother tissues together• Bones• Tendons• Fat and other soft padding tissue


Figure 4.1a Types of epithelial tissues. (1 of 2)


Figure 4.1a Types of epithelial tissues. (2 of 2)


Figure 4.1b Types of epithelial tissues.


Figure 4.5 Types of multicellular exocrine glands. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW DETAILS)

Compound duct structure(duct branches)

Simple tubular

ExampleIntestinal glands

Simple branchedtubular

ExampleStomach (gastric)glands

Compound tubular

ExampleDuodenal glands of small intestine

Compound alveolarExampleMammary glands

Simplealveolar

ExampleNo importantexample in humans

Simple branchedalveolar

ExampleSebaceous (oil)glands

Compoundtubuloalveolar

ExampleSalivary glands

Tubularsecretorystructure

Alveolarsecretorystructure

Surface epithelium Duct Secretory epithelium

Simple duct structure(duct does not branch)


Nuclei of simple squamous cell Red blood cells

Lumen of venule



Simple squamous cells


Simple squamous cell

Nucleus



Figure 4.3c Epithelial tissues.

(c) Simple columnar epithelium

Description: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action.

Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),gallbladder, and excretory ducts of someglands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regionsof the uterus.

Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epitheliumof the stomach mucosa (860X).

Simplecolumnarepithelialcell

Basementmembrane

Microvilli

NucleusSimple columnar cell

Simple columnar cellGoblet cell

Microvilli

Goblet cells (secreting)

Simple columnar epithelial cells


Figure 4.4 Goblet cell (unicellular exocrine gland).

(b)(a)

Microvilli

Secretoryvesiclescontainingmucin

Golgiapparatus

Rough ER

Nucleus





Figure 4.3 Fibrous connective tissue. (DON’T NEED TO KNOW THE CELL TYPES, EXCEPT FOR FIBROBLAST.)


Table 4.1 Types of connective tissues




Dense irregular connective tissue Collagen fibers


Figure 4.8e Connective tissues.

(e) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular

Description: Primarilyirregularly arranged collagenfibers; some elastic fibers;major cell type is the fibroblast.

Function: Able to withstandtension exerted in manydirections; provides structuralstrength.

Location: Fibrous capsules oforgans and of joints; dermis ofthe skin; submucosa ofdigestive tract.

Photomicrograph: Dense irregularconnective tissue from the dermis of theskin (400x).

Collagenfibers

Nuclei offibroblasts

Fibrousjointcapsule


Figure 4.8f Connective tissues.

(f) Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, elastic

Description: Dense regularconnective tissue containing a highproportion of elastic fibers.

Function: Allows recoil of tissuefollowing stretching; maintainspulsatile flow of blood througharteries; aids passive recoil of lungsfollowing inspiration.

Location: Walls of large arteries;within certain ligaments associatedwith the vertebral column; within thewalls of the bronchial tubes.

Elastic fibers

Aorta

HeartPhotomicrograph: Elastic connective tissue inthe wall of the aorta (250x).




Figure 4.5a Examples of special connective tissues.






Figure 4.5b Examples of special connective tissues.

Covering and lining membranes

• Epithelial

– Cutaneous (skin)

– Mucous (body cavities that open to the exterior

– Serous (closed body cavities)

• Synovial (connective tissue)


Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes.

Cutaneous membrane(skin

Mucosa of nasalcavity

Mucosa of lungbronchi

Mucosa of mouth

Esophagus lining

Parietal pericardium

Visceral pericardium

(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface.

(b) Mucous membranes line body cavities open to the exterior.

(c) Serous membranes line body cavities closed to the exterior.

Parietalperitoneum

Visceralperitoneum

Parietal pleura

Visceral pleura

Synovial membranes

• Connective tissue, not epithelial

• Lines synovial cavities, which are fluid-filled (joints)

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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1 Overview of four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues. Nervous tissue: