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Copyright 2008Digital-2000 Inc.
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1010EEPPOFFICE AND COMPUTER
ERGONOMICS
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DEFINING ERGONOMICS AND HOW IT APPLIES TO YOU
Ergonomics The science of
arranging and adjusting the work environment to fit the employee's body - The Human Factor.
Various authors define ergonomics as: discovering the
capabilities and limitations of the human body
the art and science that addresses workers' job performance and well-being in relation to their job, tasks, tools, equipment and environment
the study of the relationship between people and machines or between employees and their environment
the study of the interaction between the worker and the process at the workplace
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How does compatibility between the work environment and people influence safety? Since accident
statistics have been maintained, we've learned that human error causes: poor productivity poor quality illness accidents
Equipment, objects, and environmental characteristics influence human behavior. Optimal performance
is obtained when products, equipment, workstations, and work methods are designed while keeping human capabilities and limitations in consideration.
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HOW DO WE CONTROL WORKPLACE HAZARDS?
Controlling workplace hazards can take many forms. Ergonomics and
industrial hygiene are closely related.
Types of workplace controls typically instituted to reduce risk to employees:
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Engineering Controls Work station design Equipment
selection and design
Operation modification
Administrative Controls Training programs Job rotation and/or
enlargement Task pacing Policy and
procedures
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Personal protective equipment Wrist supports Back supports Eye protection Gloves
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WHAT DO ERGONOMIC IMPROVEMENTS MEAN TO YOU?
Each person is different with different body shapes, heights, and reach capabilities. In short, since we can't change most of our physical characteristics, the work environment must adjust to us. This is the basis of Office Ergonomics.
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WHAT ARE SOME OF THE PROBLEMS THAT PROPER ERGONOMICS CONTROLS CAN
PREVENT?
Most of the injuries typically associated with poor ergonomic conditions include tendonitis Carpal Tunnel
Syndrome Tension Neck
Syndrome
Musculoskeletal Disorders can begin as mildly aggravating and with the continuance of bad habits may quickly progress to be debilitating.
Muscle pain and discomfort in the back and shoulders are also typical of poor office conditions.
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What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? a specific, severe,
and debilitating form of MSD squeezing of the
median nerve as it runs into the hand nerve is squeezed
by swollen tendons surrounding it as they cross through a bony passage or carpal tunnel at the inside of the wrist
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What are the symptoms of CTS Tingling of the
hands/wrists Tightness Discomfort Stiffness Soreness Burning in the
hands, wrists, fingers, forearms, or elbows
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Feeling of a need to massage your hands, wrists, and arms
Pain that wakes you up at night
Clumsiness Loss of strength and
coordination in the hands
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What should you do if you're experiencing symptoms of CTS? Correct your
work or typing technique
work posture workstation to make
sure it is positioned properly and adjusted for your body size, height, arm reach, and overall comfort
Reduce the amount of force and repetition associated with your work to reduce injuries
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Job enlargement is another way to reduce strain on the body. if you rotate the
type of work you do with co-workers, you can do different types of work that exercise different muscle groups and bones
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COMPONENTS OF THE ERGONOMICALLY CORRECT COMPUTER STATION
Adjustment period after ergonomic improvements are implemented 10-20 days for your
muscles to become comfortable with changes in your work station
The goal is SAFETY AND INJURY PREVENTION
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Some of the specific things that can be done to improve comfort, productivity, and the overall health of people who work at computer workstations: Placement of an
anti-glare device on your monitor
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Placing the monitor at a comfortable/correct eye height
Using a paper holder to reduce neck movement
Selecting an ergonomic keyboard
Using a wrist support with your keyboard
Using a wrist support with your mouse pad
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Properly aligning your body to your keyboard/work
Ensuring that your elbows are level with your keyboard
Using a fully adjustable work surface
Using a fully adjustable task chair
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Using a tactile, comfortable floor surface under your chair
Using a footstool to support your lower back/legs
Proper usage of task lighting for fine work
Proper usage of indirect lighting in your work area
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Proper usage of natural lighting in your work area
Arranging work to diminish the glare caused by natural light
The use of adjustable shelves to place frequently used items
Adjusting shelves to a height no lower than knees
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Adjusting shelves to a height no higher than shoulders
Using work dividers to reduce interoffice noise
Procuring headsets versus shoulder-use phones
Providing ample room in your work area for chair movement
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BREAKS AND PERSONAL EXERCISE
For the purpose of Office Ergonomics, we separate breaks into two different categories Active breaks
Should be taken at least every 30 minutes, especially for those who perform more than 2-3 hours of keyboarding a day
Getting up and walking and stretching periodically
Micro breaks Should occur more
often than an Active break
Occurs when you stop keyboarding to do other things
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LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND IMPROVEMENTS
Body Strengthening and Exercise Stretching and
strengthening active muscles promotes relaxation Important for
prevention of MSD symptoms
Diet and Personal Habits Cut down on
stimulants like coffee, sweets, nicotine
Spread healthy snacks and water intake throughout the day
Keep water at your desk for micro/mini breaks
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First symptom of dehydration is fatigue, not thirst
Fruit and vegetable snacks prevent mid-morning and mid-afternoon blood sugar drops. Dips affect alertness,
mood, productivity, and decision-making
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Diet emphasizing complex carbohydrates, reliable sleeping patterns, and time for yourself.
Habits and practices that promote relaxation and physical fitness stop the threat of MSD.
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QUICK REVIEW
Musculoskeletal Disorders: MSD Cause
repetitive motions awkward postures,
contact stress vibrations forceful exertion
Work Breaks and Exercises: Take micro/mini-breaks
and active breaks Exercise
Early Injury Reporting All employees should
fully understand their job responsibilities in preventing accidents
Includes how to prevent MSDs like tendonitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Ergonomics should be a part of work, not a requirement of work.
Safety is your responsibility.