Early Childhood Education

Inclusion of Children with Special Needs

Meeting the Needs of Children and Families - Part

One

ECEP 233

Section 062

 For: Lisa McCaie-Watters

From: Yanjiao Deng

Due Date: April 2, 2013

Conduct Disorder

Hi, my name is Billy. I am a school age

children, and I am living with my Fathers.

When I am at school, I do not know what’s

happen with myself. All my teachers are

feeling very frustrated with me in the

program. One day, my Fathers had a meeting

with the teacher, and they told her that I had

been diagnosed with Conduct Disorder.Video Time: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g58qUHEq6fU

Contents

Introduction to the child and family

……………………………………………………… 4

Introduction to the individual special need

………………………………………………7

Meeting the needs in the child care center

…………………………………………… 18

Overview of referred agencies/resources

……………………………………………….. 21

References …………………………………………………………………………………

23

Introduction to the child and family

Child:

• Billy (name)

• School age

• Conduct disorder

Family:

• Same-sex couple

(males)

Key Information

Introduction to the child and family

• Attachme

ntThe needs of the child

• Medication

• Treatments

• Quality child care

• A safe, secure and nurturing environment

• Social Skills Training

• Respect, Support and Encouragement

• Friends

Introduction to the child and family

Training and Therapy:

• Parent Management

Training

• Parenting skills Training

• Family Therapy

Research and

Observation:

• Get accurate information

about conduct disorder

from libraries, Internet,

hotlines, or other sources

• Pay careful attention to

the signs, try to

understand the

underlying

reasons/causes

Communication:

• Talk with a mental health or social

services professional (teacher,

counselor, psychiatrist, or psychologist

specializing in childhood disorders)

• Talk with the child

• Talk to other familiesThe needs of

the family

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

1. DefinitionConduct Disorder is “generally used to describe a pattern of repeated and persistent misbehaviour. This misbehaviour is much worse than would normally be expected in a child of that age. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)”1

disobedient aggressive antisocial challenging behaviour oppositional defiant delinquent conduct problems

The essential feature is, “a persistent pattern of conduct in which the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms and rules are violated (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)”1.

“Conduct disorder is just a way to pathologize kids who misbehave.”2

√ While all children act out and are sometimes unkind, children with conduct disorder misbehave repeatedly and persistently, and this misbehaviour is more worse than normal children do.

“Children with conduct disorder are just bad children.” 2

√ Children with conduct disorder has “difficulty following rules and behaving in a socially acceptable manner”3, and they need time and practice to improve their social skills.

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

2. Myths and Facts

“Conduct disorder is the result of not enough discipline.”2

√“Lax discipline doesn’t cause conduct disorder.” 2 Setting clear limits， clear consequences for misbehaviour and positive reinforcement for desired behaviors can help behave appropriately.

“Conduct disorder is the result of too much discipline.” 2

√ Very harsh discipline does not always lead to conduct disorder. “Many children who develop it come from families with ordinary parenting styles.” 2

2. Myths and Facts

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

“Parents want their children on medicine so they'll be docile.” 2

√“Medication isn't a treatment recommended for conduct disorder, but it may be helpful when kids also have other disorders, such as depression, ADHD, or post-traumatic stress disorder. ” 2

2. Myths and Facts

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

Firstly, conduct disorder is the common children’s public mental health problems.

• “Approximately 5.5% of Ontario children aged 4 to 16 years are affected.”4

• “Affects 5-15% of school age children, more common in boys”5

3. Prevalence

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

Secondly, “each year, approximately 10% of Canada’s 2 million youths aged 12 to 17 years have contact with the police because of their criminal activities.” 4

Thirdly, “the costs of conduct disorder to human services and justice systems are heavy, as are the costs of lost human potential and costs to victims. ” 4

4. Signs and Symptoms

1) Children with Conduct Disorder act aggressively to people and animals.5

often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others often initiates physical fights has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to

others (e.g., a bat, brick, broken bottle, knife, gun) has been physically cruel to people or animals has stolen while confronting a victim (e.g., mugging, purse

snatching, extortion, armed robbery) has forced someone into sexual activity

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

2) Destruction of property5 :

has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing harm

has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting)

3) Deceitfulness or theft5 :

has broken into someone’s house, building, or car often lies to obtain goods or favours or to avoid obligations (i.e.,

“cons” others) has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim

(e.g., shoplifting, forgery)

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

4. Signs and Symptoms

Conduct Disorde

r

4) Serious violation of rules5 :

often stays out at night starting before age 13 years has run away from home overnight at least twice (or once

without returning for a lengthy period) is often truant from school starting before age 13 years

4. Signs and Symptoms

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

the presence of any three (or more) of the above criteria in the past 12 months, with at least one

criterion present in the past 6 months

Research shows that “no specific cause of conduct disorder has been identified”6.

The following are the possibly factors that may contribute to the development of conduct disorder:

1) Child Factors Genetics“It is likely that biochemical underpinnings and genetic vulnerabilities interact with environmental forces and individual characteristics to cause conduct disorders.”7

Brain damageMany conduct disordered children have learning problems, and this would leads to poor language skills, social skills and etc. Failure in school Traumatic life experiences

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

5. Causal Factors

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

2) Parenting Factors Poor parenting skills“There is a strong correlation between children diagnosed with conduct disorder and poor parenting practices.” 8

Mental health problems in parents Child abuse

3) Environmental Factors “Social disadvantage, homelessness, low socio-economic status,

poverty, overcrowding and social isolation are broader factors that predispose children to conduct disorder (Hausman & Hammen,1993; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1997; Carr, 1999).” 9

5. Causal Factors

1) Early intervention , including early parent or family interventions, school-based interventions and community interventions. “Prognosis may best be improved by prevention of conduct disorder before it becomes so resistant to treatment.”10

Introduction to the individual special need – Conduct Disorder

6. Prevention Strategies

2) Education and TrainingFor example, parent skills training that includes education about normal child development, child problem-solving and family communication skills.

3) FundingPrevention is also not without costs.

Meeting the needs in the child care center

Environment: Environment as the third teacher

• Create an environment with low staff/student ratios; most importantly, provide one to one opportunity

• Provide materials that are age-appropriate, positive, and relevant to the life of children

• Allow children with conduct disorder have equal play opportunities as the normal children

1

Meeting the needs in the child care center

Teaching Strategies:

• Have an appropriate level curriculum for the child with Conduct Disorder, or make a individual program plan for the child

• Praise the child with Conduct Disorder sincerely• Remain calm and respond the child with Conduct Disorder with

respect• Maximize the performance of children with conduct disorder

through the use of cues, prompting, chaining and shaping etc.• Systematically teach social skills - anger management, conflict

resolution strategies and an appropriate manner. For example, scripted stories can be used to help all children understand social interactions, expectations and social cue.

• Structure activities so the student with conduct disorder is not always left out or the last one picked

• Establish clear and fair classroom rules• Teach other children how to work with children with conduct

disorder

2

Meeting the needs in the child care center

For Parents:

• Help parents connect to the supporting agencies

• Provide information for parent through e-mail, posters, pamphlets, etc.

• Invite parents to participate in the program

• Provide parents education/training opportunities

3

1. Canadian Mental Health Association, Ontariohttp://www.ontario.cmha.ca/index.asp

Overview of referred agencies/resources

The Canadian Mental Health Association, Ontario works to improve services and support for people with mental illnesses and their families, and to promote mental health for all Ontarians.

Populations they serve:

Aboriginal People/First

Nations Children and Youth

Immigrants and

Refugees Women Seniors

Parents can: Get more information about

Conduct Disorder Find services and supports

through the website Access to education and training

programs ……

Overview of referred agencies/resources

http://acposb.on.ca/practice/intervention.html

2. The Association of Chief Psychologists with Ontario School Boards

A voluntary professional organization dedicated to the promotion and development of psychological services in schools in the best interests of the students, parents and the school community

Populations they

serve:

Students Parents Teachers Others

Parents can: Get more information about

Conduct Disorder Find services and supports

through the website ……

3. Conduct Disorder Services Guidelines: https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/service-guidelines/conduct-disorder-services-guidelines.pdf

References

1. http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/80_3.pdf

2. http://www.childmind.org/en/myths-about-conduct-disorder/

3. http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/what-is-conduct-disorder

4.

http://ww1.cpa-apc.org/French_Site/publications/CJP/supplements/october1999/s

up2-oct.pdf

5. Lisa, Handout – Children with Behavioural & Social/Emontional Disorders

6. http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/conduct-disorder-causes

7. http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/publication_store/your_child_conduct_disorders

8. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Conduct-disorder.html#ixzz2P8yaIgve

9. http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/files/samplechapter/80_3.pdf

10. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Conduct-disorder.html

References

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