Concentration and Aquatic Toxicity of RIFA Insecticides and Other

Organophosphates in Surface Water March 1999-June 2000

Dave Kim, Johanna Walters, Kean S. Goh August 29, 2000

Irvine, CA

Outline

• Introduction

• Monitoring

• Concentration vs toxicity

• Urban vs. Nurseries

• Irrigation Runoff vs. Storm Runoff

• Runoff mitigations

• Conclusions

The Insecticides

• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)

• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®)

• Fenoxycarb (Award®)

• Hydramethylnon (Amdro®)

• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)

• Diazinon

Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 ppb)

Chemical R. Trout D. magna C. dubia

Bifenthrin 0.15 0.16 na

Chlorpyrifos 3 1.7 0.13

Diazinon 2600 0.96 0.51

Fenoxycarb 1600 400 na

Hydramethylnon 160 1140 na

Malathion 170 1.8 1.14

Pyriproxyfen >325 400 na

Newport Bay Watershed

• Bee Canyon (el modeno) @ Portola Pkwy

• Hines Channel (Hines)

• Marshburn (Bordiers) @ Irvine Blvd

• San Diego Creek @ Campus Dr.

• Bonita Creek @ San Diego Ck

• Westcliff Park Channel

Irrigation Runoff

Bee Canyon

0

12

34

56

78

9

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

bifenthrin

fenoxycarb

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

Bee Canyon

0123456789

10

Jun-99Sep-99Oct-99 Dec-99

Jan-00Feb-00 Mar-00

Apr-00 May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0

1020

30

40

5060

70

8090

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

fenoxycarb

bifenthrin

% mortality

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

bifenthrin

fenoxycarb

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

malathion

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0

1020

30

40

5060

70

8090

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

dimethoate

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

fenoxycarb

bifenthrin

% mortality

Marshburn Slough

0

1

2

3

Feb-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb) bifenthrin

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

Marshburn Slough

0

1

2

3

4

Feb-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

bifenthrin

% mortality

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

dimethoate

fonofos

malathion

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C.

dub

ia (%

) malathion

fonofos

dimethoate

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

diazinon

malathion

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

diazinon

% mortality

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb) chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

100

Mor

talit

y of

C

. dub

ia (%

)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Storm Runoff

Hines Channel

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Co

ncen

tratio

n (

pp

b)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bif

en

th

rin

co

ncen

tratio

n

(p

pb

)

fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen

chlopyrifos diazinon malathion

bifenthrin

Marshburn Slough

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Co

ncen

tratio

n (

pp

b)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bif

en

th

rin

co

ncen

tratio

n

(p

pb

)

fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen

chlopyrifos diazinon malathion

bifenthrin

San Diego Creek

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Co

ncen

tratio

n (

pp

b)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen

chlopyrifos diazinon malathion

bifenthrin

Westcliff Park

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Co

ncen

tratio

n (

pp

b)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

fenoxycarb hydramethylnon pyriproxyfen

chlopyrifos diazinon malathion

bifenthrin

Mitigation

Application Runoff

Conclusions

Detections: Irrigation Runoff

• Single detect: hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen

• Nursery: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Dimethoate <8 ppb

• Urban: Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos <1.5 ppb

Detections: Storm Runoff

• Nursery–bifenthrin, diazinon, malathion,

chlorpyrifos, fenoxycarb <6 ppb

• Urban –diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos

<1.5 ppb

Toxicity: Irrigation Runoff • Nursery sites:

– 18: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion

– 1 unknown– 2 non toxic

• Urban and integrated sites:– 27:Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos – 27 unknown – 21 non toxic

Toxicity: Storm Runoff

• Nursery– All 18 samples 100% mortality

• Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos

• Urban– All 18 samples 100% mortality

• Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos • Unknown

Prevention & Mitigation

Insecticide Formulation & Application

Irrigation Management

Tailwater Recovery

Buffer Strip

Acknowledgments

California Dept of Food and Agriculture Center for Analytical Chemistry Department of Fish and Game

UC Cooperative ExtensionCounty Dept of Agriculture

Nurseries