1

RIFA Insecticides and Other Organophosphates: Use Pattern, Concentration and Toxicity in Runoff

Water, Source Identification, and Mitigation Measures

March 1999-June 2000

Dave Kim, Johanna Walters, Kean S. GohDepartment of Pesticide Regulation

www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/rifaSeptember 21, 2000

Santa Ana RWQCB, Riverside

Outline

• Introduction • Monitoring • Runoff • Sources • Mitigation • Conclusions

The Insecticides: RIFA

• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®)• Fenoxycarb (Award®)• Hydramethylnon (Amdro®)• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)• Diazinon

Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 ppb)

1.141.8170Malathion

na 400>325Pyriproxyfen

na 1140160Hydramethylnon

na4001600Fenoxycarb

0.510.962600Diazinon

0.131.73Chlorpyrifos

na0.160.15Bifenthrin

C. dubia D. magna

R. TroutChemical

San Joaquin Marsh Preserve

Newport Bay Ecological Reserve

2

Irrigation Runoff:base flow

el modeno gardens

0123456789

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion

el modeno Gardens

0123456789

10

Jun-99Sep-99Oct-99 Dec-99

Jan-00Feb-00 Mar-00

Apr-00 May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

diazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatemalathion

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality

3

Bordier's

0

1

2

3

4

5

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrinchlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99Se

p-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

) chlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatemalathion

San Diego Creek

0

1

2M

ar-9

9A

pr-9

9M

ay-9

9Ju

n-99

Sep-

99O

ct-9

9D

ec-9

9Ja

n-00

Feb-

00M

ar-0

0A

pr-0

0M

ay-0

0Ju

n-00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

tali

ty o

f C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifos% mortality

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb

) diazinonmalathion

4

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppb

)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondiazinon% mortality

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

East Garden Grove Channel

0

1

2

3

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

chlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion

5

East Garden Grove Channel

0

1

2

3

Jun-99 Sep-99 O ct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Bolsa Chica Channel

0

1

2

3

Apr-99

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

diazinon

dimethoate

malathion

Bolsa Chica Channel

0

1

2

3

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99Se

p-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cent

rati

on (

pp

b)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

tali

ty o

f C

. du

bia

(%

)malathiondimethoatediazinon%mortality

Arroyo Trabuco

0

1

2

Mar

-99

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99Se

p-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(pp

b)

bifenthrinfenoxycarbhydramethylnon pyriproxyfenchlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion

Arroyo Trabuco

0

1

2

3

Mar

-99

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99S

ep-9

9O

ct-9

9D

ec-9

9Ja

n-00

Feb-

00M

ar-0

0A

pr-0

0M

ay-0

0Ju

n-00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

tali

ty o

f C

. du

bia

(%

)

malathiondiazinonchlorpyrifospyriproxyfenhydramethylnon fenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality

6

San Juan Creek

0

1

2

Apr

-99

May

-99

Sep-

99O

ct-9

9D

ec-9

9Ja

n-00

Feb-

00M

ar-0

0A

pr-0

0M

ay-0

0Ju

n-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

San Juan Creek

0

1

2

Apr

-99

May

-99

Sep

-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Storm Runoff

G- Drain at Bee Canyon

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Samp ling Interval

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

F- Hines Channel

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bifen

thrin

conc

entra

tion

(ppb

)

Marshburn Slough

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bifen

thrin

conc

entra

tion

(ppb)

feno xycarb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

7

San Diego Creek

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

feno xycarb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

D- Bonita Creek

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

S a mp ling Int e rv a l

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Westcliff Park

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

feno xycarb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

Insecticide Use Pattern

Bifenthrin Use Reported, Orange Co. 1999 (5,180 lbs ai)

SOIL APPLICATION

(RIFA)75%

STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL

6%STRAWBERRY

2%

RIGHTS OF WAY2%

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE

2% NURSERY 13%

Diazinon Use Reported in Orange Co. 199924,323 lbs ai

STRUCTURAL PEST

CONTROL91%

LANDSCAPE 3% VEGETABLES

1%NURSERY

5%

8

Chlorpyrifos Use in Orange Co. 199979,306 lbs ai

LANDSCAPE 1%

STRAWBERRY1%

LEMON1%

NURSERY3%

STRUCTURAL PEST

CONTROL94%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Orange Co. Use Report 1999 (lb ai)

PYRIPROXYFENFENOXYCARBHYDRAMETHYLNON

Mitigation

9

10

Canna Filter Strip (June 2000)

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

bife

nthr

in

diaz

inon

met

hida

thio

n

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (p

pb

)

Inflow Outflow Conclusions

Detections

• Single detect: hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen

• Nursery: Bifenthrin, Fenoxycarb, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Dimethoate

• Urban: Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos Malathion, Dimethoate

Toxicity• Nursery sites:

– 18: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion

– 1 unknown– 2 non toxic

• Urban and integrated sites:– 27 Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos – 27 unknown – 21 non toxic

Prevention & Mitigation

Insecticide Application Irrigation ManagementWater RecoverySediment Pond Buffer Strip

Acknowledgments

California Dept of Food and Agriculture Center for Analytical Chemistry Department of Fish and Game

Orange County Dept of AgricultureRegional Water Quality Control Board

UC Cooperative ExtensionBordiers Nursery

el modeno GardensHines Nursery

www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/rifa