1

Concentration and Aquatic Toxicity of RIFA Insecticides and Other

Organophosphates in Surface Water March 1999-June 2000

Dave Kim, Johanna Walters, Kean S. Goh

August 29, 2000Irvine, CA

Outline

• Introduction • Monitoring • Concentration vs toxicity • Urban vs. Nurseries• Irrigation Runoff vs. Storm Runoff • Runoff mitigations• Conclusions

The Insecticides

• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®)• Fenoxycarb (Award®)• Hydramethylnon (Amdro®)• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)• Diazinon

Aquatic Toxicity (LC50 ppb)

1.141.8170Malathion

na 400>325Pyriproxyfen

na 1140160Hydramethylnon

na4001600Fenoxycarb

0.510.962600Diazinon

0.131.73Chlorpyrifos

na0.160.15Bifenthrin

C. dubia D. magnaR. TroutChemical

Newport Bay Watershed

• Bee Canyon (el modeno) @ Portola Pkwy• Hines Channel (Hines)• Marshburn (Bordiers) @ Irvine Blvd • San Diego Creek @ Campus Dr. • Bonita Creek @ San Diego Ck • Westcliff Park Channel

2

Irrigation Runoff

Bee Canyon

0123456789

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinonmalathion

Bee Canyon

0123456789

10

Jun-99Sep-99Oct-99 Dec-99

Jan-00Feb-00 Mar-00

Apr-00 May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

diazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrinfenoxycarbchlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatemalathion

Central Irvine/ Hines Channel

0

1

2

3

4

5

May-99

Jun-99

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Month

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifosfenoxycarbbifenthrin% mortality

Marshburn Slough

0

1

2

3

Feb-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

bifenthrin

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

3

Marshburn Slough

0

1

2

3

4

Feb-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondiazinonchlorpyrifosbifenthrin% mortality

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99Se

p-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

) chlorpyrifosdiazinondimethoatefonofosmalathion

San Diego Creek

0

1

2

Mar

-99

Apr

-99

May

-99

Jun-

99Se

p-99

Oct

-99

Dec

-99

Jan-

00Fe

b-00

Mar

-00

Apr

-00

May

-00

Jun-

00

Con

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

tali

ty o

f C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathionfonofosdimethoatediazinonchlorpyrifos% mortality

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Mar-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb) diazinon

malathion

Bonita Creek

0

1

2

Sep-99

Oct-99

Dec-99

Jan-00

Feb-00

Mar-00

Apr-00

May-00

Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathiondiazinon% mortality

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pb)

chlorpyrifos

diazinon

malathion

4

Westcliff Park

0

1

2

3

Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00 Apr-00 May-00 Jun-00

Con

cent

rati

on (

ppb)

0102030405060708090100

Mor

talit

y of

C. d

ubia

(%

)

malathion

diazinon

chlorpyrifos

% mortality

Storm Runoff

Hines Channel

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bifen

thrin

conc

entra

tion

(ppb)

feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

Marshburn Slough

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Bifen

thrin

conc

entra

tion

(ppb)

feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

San Diego Creek

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

Westcliff Park

0

0.5

1

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Sampling Interval

Conc

entra

tion (

ppb)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

feno xyca rb hydramethylno n pyripro xyfenchlo pyrifo s diazino n mala thio n

bifenthrin

5

Mitigation

Application Runoff

6

Conclusions

Detections: Irrigation Runoff

• Single detect: hydramethylnon, pyriproxyfen

• Nursery: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Dimethoate <8 ppb

• Urban: Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos <1.5 ppb

Detections: Storm Runoff

• Nursery–bifenthrin, diazinon, malathion,

chlorpyrifos, fenoxycarb <6 ppb• Urban

–diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos <1.5 ppb

Toxicity: Irrigation Runoff• Nursery sites:

– 18: Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion

– 1 unknown– 2 non toxic

• Urban and integrated sites:– 27:Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos – 27 unknown – 21 non toxic

Toxicity: Storm Runoff

• Nursery– All 18 samples 100% mortality

• Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos

• Urban– All 18 samples 100% mortality

• Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos • Unknown

7

Prevention & Mitigation

Insecticide Formulation & Application Irrigation ManagementTailwater RecoveryBuffer Strip

Acknowledgments

California Dept of Food and Agriculture Center for Analytical Chemistry Department of Fish and Game

UC Cooperative ExtensionCounty Dept of Agriculture

Nurseries