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1 F. Loy July 2013
Cognitive Onboard Collision Avoidance Master Thesis
Fabian Loy
University of the Bundeswehr Munich (UBM) Institute of Flight Systems (IFS)
Naval Postgraduate School (NPS)
Center for Autonomous Vehicles Research (CAVR)
2 F. Loy
Project Certifiable Autopilot
Development of an autopilot for UAVs that can be certified for use in civil airspace
IFS research • Investigation of knowledge-based information processing
methods for autonomous decision making within safety-critical systems
• Development of an assistant system using cognitive automation à higher states of autonomy, higher safety
3 F. Loy
FCS / FMS ai
r seg
men
t gr
ound
seg
men
t
HMI
work objective
work system output
environmental conditions, information, material & energy supply
UAS Autonomy Architecture
• agent onboard of UAV • cooperative interaction between agent and operator
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Current available systems ACAS/TCAS • able to display Traffic Advisories
(TA, warning) and Resolution Advisories (RA, avoidance command)
• since altitude is defined most precisely with classic sensors, only vertical advisories are given
Problems concerning (small) UAV 1. position determination is based
primarily on GPS (high horizontal but bad vertical accuracy)
vertical avoidance not suitable à lateral avoidance
1. no pilot onboard to execute advisories
à cognitive element on board needed
avoid climbrate current climbrate advised climbrate
5 F. Loy
Algorithm of Collision Detection
own UAV (A) intruder UAV (B)
" = "↓0 + " ∙% & = &↓0 + & ∙%
' = & − "
|' |=|& − " |=|&↓0 − "↓0 +(& − " )∙% |
Calculate Distance:
6 F. Loy
Algorithm of Collision Detection
|' |
&
"
Distance below treshold
&↓0
"↓0
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Calculating of Avoidance Course
R
ΔΨ
ICAO Annex 2, 3.2 Avoidance of Collision
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Experimental Setup
HMI (GCS, PFD)
HAI (CAD) HMI (GCS)
UAV1 (own) UAV2 (intruder)
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PFD/CAD
safe flight warning operator substitute operator
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Hardware Setup
atom-mainboard
Ethernet HUB
Piccolo Wireless adapter
power converter
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Software Setup
12 F. Loy
Video Flight Test Camp Roberts
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Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?