3-Collision Avoidance ( Jones)

Denise R. Jones

Collision Avoidance for Airport Traffic

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2National Aeronautics and Space Administration Collision Avoidance for Airport Traffic

Supporting Programs

Surface collision avoidanceflight deck technologies (information integration and presentation) for current and future NAS operations

Aircraft-based airport traffic collision avoidancealgorithms for current andfuture NAS operations

NGATS ATM -Airportal Project

Safe & Efficient SurfaceOperations

(SESO)

AvSAFE Integrated Intelligent Flight

Deck Project

Crew Vehicle Interfaces(CVI)


DetectionIV. Know when a mistake occurs(Immediately alert flight crew & ATC)

Runway Incursion Prevention System

HUD Guidance

Warning, Traffic 34RCaution, Traffic Departing 25

Crossing HoldOff Route

I. Know where you areOwn-ship position awareness

(GPS & airport database)

II. Know where others areTraffic position awareness(ADS-B or TIS-B data link)

III. Know where to goRoute awareness

(Taxi route from ATC)

Approach Surface Map

Taxi Surface Map

Avoidance

* Runway Incursion Prevention: A Technology Solution. Proceedings of the Flight Safety Foundation 54th Annual International Air Safety Seminar, 2001.


Aircraft-based algorithms:

Runway Safety Monitor (RSM) - NASA in-house (Lockheed Martin) Generic approach, not scenario dependent Warning alerts generated

PathProx Era Corporation (formerly Rannoch Corp.) Developed under NASA Cooperative Research Agreement and SBIR Handles 40+ specific incursion scenarios Warning and cautionary alerts generated

Conflict resolution advisories not provided

Incursion Detection Methods

* Runway Safety Monitor Algorithm for Single and Crossing Runway Incursion Detection and Alerting, NASA CR-2006-214275.* Safety Benefits of PathProx A Runway Incursion Alerting System, Proceedings of the AIAA/IEEE 22nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2003.


Runway Incursion Alert on Approach


Recent Publications

Runway Incursion Prevention for General Aviation Operations

Jones, Denise R.; and Prinzel, Lawrence J., III: Runway Incursion Prevention for General Aviation Operations. Proceedings of the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Portland, OR, Oct. 15-19, 2006

Prinzel, Lawrence J., III; and Jones, Denise R.: Cockpit Technology for the Prevention of General Aviation Runway Incursions. Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Dayton, OH, April 23-26, 2007


Objectives: For general aviation operations, evaluate incursion detection algorithm

performance, surface awareness and alerting display concepts, pilot performance during runway incursion event

Method: Testing conducted in two phases

Rare Event Testing Usability Study

16 general aviation pilots

Runway Incursion Prevention for General Aviation Operations Simulation Study (RIPS-GA)

Airport Surface Map

Baseline Instrumentation


RIPS-GA Display Configurations

Baseline (B) B + Baseline Surface Map with Ownship only

B + Baseline Surface Map with Ownship and Traffic

Warning, traffic approaching 34R

Caution, traffic 16R

B + Audible Alerts

Warning, traffic departing 7

B + Baseline Surface Map with Ownship and

Audible Alerts

Warning, Traffic 16R

B + Perspective Surface Map and Alerts

Warning, traffic 16R

B + Baseline Surface Map with Ownship, Traffic, and Alerts


RIPS-GA Results Summary

Severe risk of collision occurred despite presentation of traffic on surface map (1 pilot, rare event study)

Traffic presentation marginally beneficial unless alerting provided

Alerts provided sufficient time to avoid potential conflict On approach: Caution 35 seconds (5800) from traffic

Warnings 25 seconds (4100) from traffic

Alerting provides greater safety margins on departure Aborted sooner, 2 to 6 seconds

Audible alert minimum required, alert with map and traffic optimal

Pilots prefer:

- Earlier alerting on approach with caution and warning alerts

- Simple, quick alerting for departure and taxi

- Descriptive alert with location and maneuver guidance


Current & Future Research Objectives

Continue and expand research in aircraft-based conflict detection and resolution (CD & R) concepts to ensure safe terminal area operations for current and future NAS operations

Surface collision avoidance flight deck technologies (IIFD)- Crew/vehicle interface concepts- NGATS operations requirements- Mixed fleet equipage and operations- ATC interactions- Complementary airborne and ground conflict detection and alerting

Aircraft-based airport traffic collision avoidance algorithms (Airportal)- Runway, taxi, and low altitude detection and alerting- Conflict resolution advisory feasibility


Taxi Conflict Detection


Supporting Activities

NRA Ohio University Sensor Technology Model Development and Evaluation for an

Integrated Intelligent Flight Deck External Hazard Monitor Co-funded by IIFD & Airportal Objectives:

Identify and characterize hazards Characterize potential sensors Develop models to use to evaluate various external hazard monitors

Focus on sensors for automatic detection of objects on or near runway during approach under adverse weather conditions

RTCA SC-186 WG-1 participation Develop an application description for initial flight deck-based traffic

indications and alerting to an actual or potential high speed conflict on or near the airport surface that uses traffic surveillance information (for example, ADS-B)


FY08 CAAT Test Plans

Usability study to obtain feedback on CAAT algorithms and alerting displays

Part of CVI piloted simulation study to evaluate critical safety issues associated with emerging NextGen concepts

CAAT piloted simulation to evaluate conflict detection and alerting algorithms and pilot interface

Funded by Airportal Project CVI research objectives included

Documents

3-Collision Avoidance ( Jones)