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CISCO CARRIER ROUTING SYSTEM MANY SERVICES. ONE NETWORK. LIMITLESS POSSIBILITIES.
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CISCO CARRIER ROUTING SYSTEM
The Cisco® Carrier Routing System (CRS-1) is the first packet communications system that
enables service providers to increase business profitability, technical flexibility, and operational
efficiency while delivering a suite of services including data, voice, and video over a highly
available, highly scalable, converged packet infrastructure. The primary attributes of the Cisco
CRS-1 include:
UNPARALLELED SYSTEM LONGEVITYThe Cisco CRS-1 is the industry’s only carrier routing system that scales up to 92 terabits per
second (Tbps), powering the first OC-768c/STM-256c IP interface and supporting up to 1152
40-Gbps line-card slots. It simplifies today’s networks while protecting investments for decades
to come.
CONTINUOUS SYSTEM OPERATIONThe Cisco CRS-1 is built on Cisco IOS® XR Software, the industry’s only self-healing operating
system for multi-shelf, multi-terabit carrier infrastructure. This micro-kernel-based operating
system provides granular process independence, fault containment, and isolation. With these
unique capabilities, the Cisco CRS-1 can be maintained, upgraded, enhanced, and scaled without
any service interruptions.
UNPRECEDENTED SERVICE FLEXIBILITY WITH CISCO INTELLIGENT SERVICEFLEX DESIGNThe Cisco CRS-1 combines the Cisco Silicon Packet Processor (SPP), the world’s most
sophisticated 40-Gbps ASIC, and Cisco IOS XR Software with a unique Service Separation
Architecture and Service-Intelligent Switch Fabric—to provide maximum service flexibility and
capability. With comprehensive service separation and complete line-rate feature flexibility, the
Cisco CRS-1 provides the capabilities required to deliver converged network services today.
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NETWORK AND SERVICE CONVERGENCE FOUNDATION
Service providers have recognized that service-specific networks, complex network
architectures, and connectivity-only services do not adequately meet their business needs and
the growing demands of their customers. Until now, network point-of-presence (POP) functions
such as core, peering, aggregation, and edge have been handled by providers deploying
function-specific routing nodes to meet the individual needs of each network function. This
traditional POP design has required that providers redesign their networks every three to five
years to meet growth challenges and service demands. At the same time, to increase efficiency
and profitability, service providers must lower their capital and operating expenses while
increasing their customer reach and revenue.
To satisfy the service demands of customers and business metrics of shareholders, service
providers are looking to simplify their POP architecture while delivering network and service
convergence to meet their business, technical, and operational goals.
The Cisco CRS-1 is the first system to truly integrate multiple POP functions into a single system,
providing the scalability and reliability for network convergence and delivering robust service
intelligence for data, voice, and video service convergence. The Cisco CRS-1 blurs the traditional
lines of core, peering, aggregation, and edge functions—allowing service providers to think
beyond current network design limitations and capture the benefits of a single, reliable,
scalable routing system.
Service providers deploying the Cisco CRS-1 today can attain immediate benefits in their core
networks—a single Cisco CRS-1 16-Slot Shelf System can replace multiple existing routing
nodes in addition to the added reliability and service flexibility that was previously unavailable
in packet networks. Carriers can expand the scale, footprint and function of the Cisco CRS-1 to
include other POP functions such as peering, aggregation, and high-speed edge services to meet
network and service demands for decades to come.
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW AND ATTRIBUTES
SYSTEM OVERVIEWThe Cisco CRS-1 can be deployed in two configurations: a Single-Shelf System and a Multi-Shelf
System. The Single-Shelf System integrates the innovative multi-stage switching into a single
Line Card Chassis that delivers 1.2Tbps of switching capacity and 16 40G line card slots. The
Multi-Shelf System consists of up to 72 Line Card Chassis interconnected with up to 8 Fabric
Card Chassis to deliver up to 1152 40Gbps line card slots and 92 Tbps of total switching capacity.
UNPARALLELED SYSTEM LONGEVITY The Cisco CRS-1 scales seamlessly from a single-shelf to multi-shelf system without service
disruption enabling service providers to plan, design, trial, and deploy services over a single
system for decades to come. The Cisco CRS-1 completely separates control, data, and
management planes allowing the system to uniquely scale with capabilities such as:
Control planeIndividual system processes can be placed on specific route processors or be given an “affinity”
between a range of route processing resources. Distributed Route Processors (DRPs) can
be added to any available line card slot in the system – providing nearly infinite control
plane scalability.
Data planeWith support for up to 1152 OC-768c/STM-256c, 4608 OC-192c/STM-64c, and 18,432 OC-48c/
STM-16c interfaces only the CRS-1 can scale up to 92Tbps without service disruption.
Management planeThe Cisco CRS-1 management database provides native management of the system via either
CLI or XML-based interfaces. The XML-based Craft Works Interface (CWI) is a visual management
tool that can seamlessly manage single-shelf or multi-shelf systems.
CONTINUOUS SYSTEM OPERATION Incorporating 20 years of Cisco networking experience in hardware and software innovations,
the Cisco CRS-1 delivers continuous system operation. Building upon this reliable foundation,
providers can offer services over a self-healing network that is always available. System
components, including service cards, route processors, controller cards, power units, and fans,
are fully redundant. Built with Cisco IOS XR Software—the industry’s first memory-protected,
micro-kernel-based operating system for multi-terabit carrier infrastructure—the Cisco CRS-1 can
be maintained, upgraded, enhanced, and scaled without any service interruption.
Self-healing softwareCisco IOS XR Software acts in a self-healing manner to first contain any fault or system error and
then use automated process recovery features to safely restart and restore full process operation.
In-service system upgradesCisco IOS XR Software enables granular software upgrades, from software maintenance
updates to major feature upgrades, with no service interruption. Only specific processes that
have been modified in an upgrade package are altered, reducing the test cycle and increasing
system reliability.
In-service capability enhancementsProviders can add new service packages, such as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) or
multicast, to the Cisco CRS-1 through software package upgrades without taking the system
offline or interrupting existing traffic and services. This enables providers to introduce services
incrementally. In addition, Distributed Route Processors (DRPs) can be placed in any available
line-card slot to scale services and distribute processes.
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SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES
Self-defending systemThe self-defending nature of the Cisco CRS-1 system allows it to automatically recognize
distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and prevent system overload even under attack.
With an embedded event manager and secure audit trails, the Cisco CRS-1 can proactively
monitor and defend against attacks, while providing tools to trace network security violations.
In-service scalingThe Cisco CRS-1 system can be scaled, while in service, from 1.2 to 92 Tbps with the addition
of line-card shelves that are interconnected with switch fabric shelves—all without any
service interruptions.
System operation and managementThe Cisco CRS-1 provides an enhanced command-line interface (CLI) and Route Policy
Language (RPL); offline configuration development and error check as well as customizable
configuration rollback; automated, proactive system monitoring; and role-based management.
CISCO INTELLIGENT SERVICEFLEX DESIGNUsing the Cisco Intelligent ServiceFlex design, the Cisco CRS-1 is the only routing system to
combine all beneficial elements of service-specific networks with the comprehensive service
flexibility and scale of IP/MPLS networks. With the Cisco CRS-1, carriers can be completely
responsive to their business strategy without increasing capital or operating expenditures.
The Cisco Intelligent ServiceFlex design includes:
Cisco Service Separation ArchitectureThe Cisco Service Separation Architecture provides total separation of traffic and network
operations on a per-service or per-customer basis within the Cisco CRS-1 system. This unique
implementation allows carriers to isolate the control, data, and management planes along with
Line Cards and Route Processors (RP) to create logical routers that operate independent from
the rest of the system. This Service Separation Architecture gives carriers the flexibility to test,
deploy, and implement a comprehensive offering of converged services with the confidence that
they can meet customer service-level agreements.
Speed-to-service elementsThe combination of the world’s most sophisticated ASIC—the 40-Gbps Cisco SPP—with Cisco
IOS XR Software, the industry’s first micro-kernel-based operating system for multi-terabit
carrier infrastructure, provides unprecedented service capabilities that speed service delivery
to customers. Each Cisco SPP combines 188 32-bit RISC processors onto a single, 100%
programmable chip. Cisco SPP implements massively parallel processing on the chip for flexible
service delivery with no performance compromises. The highly modular software of the Cisco
CRS-1 accelerates service delivery with individual packaging of feature sets to reduce
qualification and test time.
Service-Intelligent Switch FabricThe Cisco CRS-1 boasts a three-stage switch fabric, based on a Benes architecture, enhanced for
packet-based networking. This Service-Intelligent Switch Fabric is unique because it enhances a
traditional three-stage Benes architecture with native multicast replication and integrated
priority queues. With native multicast replication, service providers can efficiently scale to
deliver one service to a multitude of customers (such as video broadcast) without affecting
system or network performance. Additionally, the switch fabric incorporates traffic speedup,
which increases the flow of traffic 250% to guarantee that there is no system congestion
in the Cisco CRS-1.
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CISCOSPP
CISCOSPP
ROUTE PROCESSORS
Each active Route Processor (RP) in the Cisco CRS-1 is available to execute control-plane features such as Intermediate System-to- Intermediate System (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), MPLS, system management, and accounting. Each route processor man-ages shelf controller functions and supports up to 4 GB of DRAM plus a 40-Gbps hard drive for storing software images and dumps. A unique Distributed Route Processor (DRP), which can be placed in any available line-card slot, avoids memory or processing bottle-necks by scaling the control plane or adding new services as needed. The DRPs provide double the processing power of the route processors, using two dual PowerPC Symmetrical Multiprocessing CPU clusters in a symmetrical multiprocessing configuration. The route processors and DRPs support a N:M redundancy scheme whereby the function of each active route processor or DRP can be performed by a hot-standby route processor or a designated DRP in case of failure.
40-GBPS LINE CARDS
Each line card is separated by a mid-plane into two main components: the Interface Module and the MSC. Each Cisco CRS-1 line card maintains a distinct copy of the adjacency table and forwarding information databases, enabling maximum scalability and performance.
Interface ModuleThe Interface Module (IM) provides the physical connections to the network, including Layer 1 and 2 functions. Interface Modules for the Cisco CRS-1 include: 1-port OC-768c/STM-256c packet over SONET (POS), 4-port OC-192c/STM-64c POS, 16-port OC-48c/STM-16c POS, 4-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet, and 8-port 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
Modular Services CardThe MSC is the high-performance Layer 3 forwarding engine. Each MSC is equipped with two high-performance, flexible Cisco SPPs, one for ingress and one for egress packet handling. The MSC is responsible for all packet handling, including quality of service (QoS), classification, policing, and shaping, and it is equipped with three-level hierarchical queuing with a total of 16,000 queues.
CISCO CARRIER ROUTING SYSTEM
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CISCOSPP
CISCOSPP
SERVICE-INTELLIGENT SWITCH FABRIC
The switch fabric that provides the communications path between line cards is a three-stage, self-routed Benes architecture (a first for IP routers) with 1296 x 1296 buffering, non-blocking switching, and 1:N fabric redundancy between fabric planes. The Cisco CRS-1 performs 250% speed up and multicast replication in the switch fabric, and has separate priority queues for unicast and multicast traffic and control-plane messages.
The three stages of switching follow:Stage 1 (S1) is connected to the ingress line card, and delivers the cells across all Stage 2 fabric cards.
Stage 2 (S2) supports speedup and multicast replication, and delivers the cells to the appropriate Stage 3 fabric cards associated with the egress line-card shelf.
Stage 3 (S3) is connected to the egress line card for delivery to the appropriate interface(s) and subinterface(s).
CISCO IOS XR SOFTWARE
Because the Cisco CRS-1 has a memory- protected, micro-kernel-based software architecture, only essential processing elements, such as message passing, memory protection, and process scheduling, are done at the kernel level. The micro-kernel architecture and control-plane distribution allows for maximum resource usage, no resource bottlenecks, and excellent control-plane performance. In addition, processes such as routing and signaling protocols can run on a single route processor or be distributed over multiple route proces-sors. Regardless of where these processes are performed and which memory pool they use, they operate as if they were running on the same, single route processor. This unique software distribution capability enables control-plane scalability such that no CPU or memory usage can become a resource bottleneck.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
The Cisco CRS-1 is built with four key elements that enable it to deliver reliable services while scaling up to 92 Tbps. These key elements are: 40-Gbps Line Cards, Route Processors, a Service-Intelligent Switch Fabric, and Cisco IOS XR Software.
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SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES
OPERATIONALLY EFFICIENT MANAGEMENTThe Cisco CRS-1 has been engineered from its inception with management efficiency as a
primary design goal. Emphasis was placed on providing a single-router view even in large,
multi-shelf installations. The CWI takes full advantage of the Extensible Markup Language (XML)
interface on the Cisco CRS-1 to provide a standalone, multi-shelf router management tool. The
CWI provides intuitive GUI-based configuration and alarm management tools, along with a
full-screen configuration text editor. In addition, Cisco IOS
XR Software uses an element management system (EMS)—
a set of management elements that help enable a self-
monitoring, self-healing network and provide a consistent
interface and functions regardless of the access method—
a CLI, XML, or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Based on Cisco Transport Manager the EMS uses the same
management system as Cisco optical systems enabling
network managers to deploy the same EMS for both optical
transport and IP/MPLS routing.
CISCO SILICON PACKET PROCESSORThe Cisco CRS-1 uses the Cisco SPP—the most sophisticated ASIC in the world today. The Cisco
SPP consists of 188 32-bit RISC processors (each of which can work independently to perform
a discrete task) per chip, helping enable 100-percent flexible, 40-Gbps processing power. The
flexibility of Cisco SPP helps enable the loading of different features for core, edge, and peer
routing, based on software code, onto the same hardware. This eliminates the need to have
specific engines for core vs. edge routing, for example. Time-to-market delivery of new features,
services, and applications is significantly accelerated because of the ease of introducing new code.
PURPOSE-BUILT OPERATING SYSTEM FOR MULTI-SHELF CARRIER INFRASTRUCTURECisco IOS XR Software, the operating system (OS) of the Cisco CRS-1, uses a memory-protected,
micro-kernel-based architecture and control-plane distribution that allows the system to scale
from 1.2 to 92 Tbps. The micro-kernel internally processes only the most essential services of the
OS, such as message passing, memory protection, and process or thread scheduling. All other
elements, which are part of the kernel in traditional OSs, such as the file system,
network drivers, and process management, are implemented outside the kernel.
This modern OS architecture design provides the basis upon which Cisco IOS XR Software
can offer unprecedented availability and scalability as well as complete separation of the data,
control, and management planes. The granular modularity ensures that only the required
processes are restarted upon process failure or during software upgrades—enabling in-
service software upgrades (ISSUs). In addition, each process, such as BGP, IS-IS and OSPF is
further segmented into individual threads and can be distributed to different processing resources.
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SYSTEM ELEMENTS
CISCO CRS-1 MAIN COMPONENTS: Cisco CRS-1 16-Slot Line Card Chassis (LCC)
Cisco CRS-1 Fabric Card Chassis (FCC)
CISCO CRS-1 16-SLOT LINE CARD CHASSIS Sixteen 40-Gbps line-card slots—Using a midplane design, the 16-slot LCC
is loaded with 16 MSCs on the back of the chassis, each of which
is connected, through the midplane, to an Interface Module on the front
of the chassis.
Sixteen 40G line card slots
Two dedicated route-processor slots
Eight dedicated switch fabric card slots
Two dedicated shelf controller slots
Power supplies and fan trays
CISCO CRS-1 FABRIC CARD CHASSIS Twenty-four slots for up to 24 stage 2 fabric cards
Two dedicated slots for shelf controller
Power supplies and fan trays
OC-768c POS ROUTE PROCESSORMODULAR SERVICES CARD
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SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
The Cisco CRS-1 can be configured to work in two different modes. All capacity upgrades and
configuration changes are done with no service interruptions.
This configuration consists of a single, 16-slot LCC with total switching capacity of 1.2 Tbps. All three stages of the switching are done in switch fabric cards that support Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 switching.
SINGLE-SHELF SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
MULTI-SHELF SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
This configuration consists of 2 to 72 16-slot LCCs and 1 to 8 FCCs with a total switching capacity of up to 92 Tbps. The LCCs are connected only to the FCCs. Stage 1 switching is done in the ingress LCC, Stage 2 switching is done in the FCC, and Stage 3 switching is done in the egress LCC.
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CISCO NETWORK LIFECYCLE AND SUPPORT SERVICESCisco offers services that address the entire network lifecycle to assist in planning, design, implementation, operation and optimization of theCisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System deployments. These service offerings include:
• Advanced Services teams, using methodology and templates based on previous Cisco CRS-1 deployments, deliver and deploy the system in service provider environments.
• Technology Support Services for Cisco CRS-1 replacement, warranty and spares for next business day or onsite hardware replacement support. • Specially trained Technical Assistance Center engineers providing global 24-hour support on the Cisco CRS-1 with practical experience on
the support and features of the product.
SYSTEM CRS-1 System Overview Single-Shelf System Configuration
• Single 16 Slot Line Card Chassis• Integrated Switch Fabric — no Fabric
Chassis required• Switching Capacity: 1.2Tbps• Supports 16 40G line cards
- 16 OC-768c/STM-256 POS ports- 64 OC-192c/STM-64c POS/DPT ports- 64 or 128 10GbE ports- 256 OC-48c/STM-16c POS/DPT ports
Multi-Shelf System Configuration• 1 to 72—16 Slot Line Card Chassis• 1 to 8—Fabric Card Chassis• Switching Capacity: Up to 92Tbps• Support for up to 1152 40G line cards
- 1152 OC-768c/STM-256 POS ports- 4608 OC-192c/STM-64c POS/DPT ports- 4608 or 9216 10GbE ports- 18,432 OC-48c/STM-16c POS/DPT ports
Line Card Queues: • 8000 queues per ingress traffic
(hierachical queuing)• 8000 per egress traffic (hierarchical
queuing)
CHASSIS 16 Slots Line Card Chassis Design, slots and capacity
• Mid-plane design• Switching capacity: up 1.2 Tbps• Line card: 16 x 40G slots• Switch Fabric Card: 8 dedicated slots• Route Processor: 2 dedicated slots• Fan Controllers: 2 dedicated slots
Dimensions• Without cable-management and front
cover• (HxWxD) 84 x 23.6 x 36 in (213.36 x
59.94 x 91.44 cm)• With cable-management and front cover (HxWxD) 84 x 23.6 x 39.71 in (213.36 x
59.94 x 100.84 cm)Weight
• 939 lb (425 kg) as shipped, chassis only with fan trays installed
• 1008 lb (457 kg) chassis only as shipped, including power shelves, w/o pwr modules
• 1657 Lbs (751 Kg) maximum weight, chassis fully configured, using all card slots, power shelves, cable-management and front cover
Power• Maximum DC = 13.6KW@46,405 BTU/Hr• Maximum AC = 15.5KW@52,888 BTU/Hr
Fabric Card ChassisDesign, slots and capacity:
• Back-plane design• Switch Card: 24 slots• Shelf Controller: 2 dedicated slots
Dimensions• Without cable-management and
front cover• (HxWxD) 84 x 23.6 x 35 in (213.36 x
59.94 x 88.9 cm)• With cable-management and
front cover• (HxWxD) 84 x 23.6 x 41 in (213.36 x
59.94 x 104.2 cm)Weight
• 644 lbs (292 Kg) as shipped, chassis only with fan trays installed
• 712.8 Lbs (323 Kg) chassis only as shipped, including power shelves, w/o power modules
• 1559 Lbs (707 Kg) chassis fully con-figured, using all card slots, power shelves, cable-management and front cover
Power• Maximum DC = 9.1KW@31,050 BTU/Hr• Maximum AC = 10.4KW@32,668 BTU/Hr
SUPPORTED HARDWARE Components
• Route Processor • 1 x OC-768c/STM-256c POS Interface
Module (SR) • 4 x OC-192c/STM-64c POS/DPT
Interface Module (VS,SR,IR,LR)• 4 x 10GbE Interface Module (LR) • 8 x 10GbE Interface Module (LR) • 16 x OC-48c/STM-16c POS/DPT
Interface Module • 1-Port OC-48c/STM-16c Pluggable Optic
Module, 1310 nm SM-SR-LC• 1-Port OC-48c/STM-16c Pluggable Optic
Module, 1550 nm SM-LR2-LC Extended Temperature
• Modular Services Card
MEMORY Modular Services Card 2 GB of default route memory1 GB of packet buffer memory per side
(2 GB total per line card [ingress and egress])
Route Processor 4 GB of default route memory64 MB of boot Flash 2 MB of nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) One 1GB Flash Drive (removable)One 40-GB hard drive
PROTOCOLS POS/SDH RFC 1619/2615, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
over SONET/SDH RFC 1662, PPP in High-Level Data Link
Control (HDLC)—like framing RFC 2615, PPP over SONET/SDH HDLC
FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS IP Features
• Control Plane Packet Handling• IPv4 Host Services• IPv4 Unicast Forwarding• IPv4 ECMP• IPv6 Host Services
• IPv6 Forwarding Services• IPv6 ECMP
Forwarding Features• (X)ACLs• QoS/CoS using MQC• IP packet Classification/Marking• Queuing - Both Ingress and Egress• Policing (Both Ingress and Egress)• Diagnostic / Network Management Support
Routing Features• MP-BGP v4• OSPFv2• OSPFv3• IS-IS• Static routes• Route Policy Language (RPL)
IPv4 Multicast Features• Dynamic Registration using IGMP • Multicast Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)• PIM-SM• PIM-SSM• AutoRP• MSDP• MBGP• Bi-directional PIM• Source Specific Multicast w/IGMP v3• Explicit Tracking of Hosts, Group, and
Channels for IGMPv3• Multicast NSF
MPLS Features• MPLS Forwarding and load balancing• LDP• RSVP• MPLS Traffic Engineering features• UNI• LMP
High Availability Features• RP Redundancy Support• NSF – ISIS, OSPF, BGP, Multicast, LDP, RSVP• SONET APS (1:1)• Line Card OIR Support • Fabric Card OIR Support• Out of Resource Management
Security Features • MD5• SSL• SSH/SFTP• SHTTP Support• Control packet policing• IPSEC
Manageability Features• Alarms Management• Configuration Management• Accounting and Statistics Management• Performance Management• Control Point & Network Management—
Generic Requirements• Terminal Services Enhancements• Enhanced CLI• XML Interface• XML Schemas (see specification
table above)• Craft Works Interface• CORBA Support• SNMP and MIB support
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
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cisco.com/go/crs
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Americas HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.170 West Tasman DriveSan Jose, CA 95134-1706USAwww.cisco.comTel: 408 526-7660Fax: 408 527-0883
Asia Pacific HeadquartersCisco Systems, Inc.168 Robinson Road#28-01 Capital TowerSingapore 068912www.cisco.comTel: +65 6317 7777Fax: +65 6317 7799
Cisco Systems has more than 200 offices in the following countries and regions. Addresses, phone numbers, and fax numbers are listed on theC i s c o . c o m W e b s i t e a t w w w . c i s c o . c o m / g o / o f f i c e s .
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