Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil WarWho gains control of China

and why?

VS

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War(1945-1949)(1945-1949)

Mao Zedong (CCP) Chiang Kai-Shek (KMT)Communists Common NameCommon Name Nationalists

Northern China Area controlledArea controlled Southern China

Soviet Union Foreign SupportForeign Support United States

Communism Domestic PolicyDomestic Policy Capitalism

Strong support from peasants

Public SupportPublic Support Support from wealthy landowners

Experienced, motivate, guerilla warfare

Military OrganizationMilitary Organization Ineffective, corrupt, poor morale

Truce During WW IITruce During WW II• Most of the fighting in WW II was done by Mao’s Red Army

• During the war US gave $1.5 billion to Nationalists to fight Japan

• Most of this money is wasted or “stolen”

Mao’s Red Army (CCP) vs. Chiang’s Nationalist Army (KMT)Mao’s Red Army (CCP) vs. Chiang’s Nationalist Army (KMT)

• US gives additional $2 billion to help Nationalists beat Communists

• Nationalists winning at first but China’s economy worsens

• Chinese people upset w/ Nationalists

• Nationalists troops begin defecting to Red Army

• By 1949, Mao controls most of China• Chiang & what is left of his army flee to Taiwan

People’s Republic of China vs. Republic of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China vs. Republic of China• US upset over loss of China, but helps Chiang set up a gov on Taiwan

• Mao signs a friendship treaty with Soviet Union

• Chiang says Taiwan is legit gov of China “Republic of China”

• Mao insists legit govt is in China “People’s Republic of China”

• UN doesn’t recognize Mao’s “People’s Republic of China” as legitimate

Mao Expands ChinaMao Expands China•1950: Red Army invades Tibet. Mao promises self rule, but forcesTibet into communism.

•Tibetans protest, Mao’s Red Army crushes protest. Dalai Lama flees.

•1950: China invades Inner Mongolia and annexes it

Life in Mao’s ChinaLife in Mao’s ChinaDomestic Policy (1951)Domestic Policy (1951)• Mao gives private land to the peasants• Mao has one million landowners killed

who resist• Mao nationalizes all businessesGreat Leap Forward (1958-1961)Great Leap Forward (1958-1961)• Large collective farms are formed• Poor planning results in a famine that

kills 20 million people

Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)• Wants to create more social equality• Forms the Red Guards who were HS & college students loyal to Mao

• Red Guards terrorize & re-educate those with an advantage(esp. intellectuals)

Let 1000

flowers bloom

Nuclear Age (1964)Nuclear Age (1964)• Mao’s govt successfully tests a nuclear weapon – upset Soviets won’t share tech

Containment Policy

Truman Doctrine Marshall

Plan

US Cold War Foreign Policy

Berlin Airlift

Aid to ROC