Chinese Civil War & Chinese Civil War & Korean WarKorean War

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War

Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek Unified the Unified the

Nationalists in Nationalists in southern Chinasouthern China

Received about Received about $3 billion in aid $3 billion in aid from the U.S.from the U.S.

Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War Mao ZedongMao Zedong Leader of Leader of

Communists in Communists in northern Chinanorthern China

Wanted to make all Wanted to make all of China of China communist.communist.

Financial aid from Financial aid from Soviet Union.Soviet Union.

Civil WarCivil War Civil war broke out as early as 1946Civil war broke out as early as 1946

By 1949 Nationalists were losingBy 1949 Nationalists were losing

Nationalists forced off of mainland China Nationalists forced off of mainland China and onto Taiwan = REPUBLIC OF CHINAand onto Taiwan = REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Mao Zedong controlled Mao Zedong controlled ““PeoplePeople’’s s Republic of CHINA,Republic of CHINA,”” with communism. with communism.

WHY DID THE U.S. CARE?WHY DID THE U.S. CARE?

CHINA = COMMUNISTCHINA = COMMUNIST USSR = COMMUNISTUSSR = COMMUNIST USA = CAPITALISTUSA = CAPITALIST

CONTAINMENT HAD FAILED!!!!!CONTAINMENT HAD FAILED!!!!! IF CHINA COULD BECOME IF CHINA COULD BECOME

COMMUNIST SO COULD ANY COMMUNIST SO COULD ANY OTHER ASIAN COUNTRY.OTHER ASIAN COUNTRY.

WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THE WHAT THIS MEANS FOR THE U.S.U.S.

$$ ISN$$ ISN’’T THE SOLUTIONT THE SOLUTIONU.S. MUST DO MORE TO U.S. MUST DO MORE TO STOP COMMUNIST STOP COMMUNIST THREAT!THREAT!

NO MORE COMMUNIST NO MORE COMMUNIST COUNTRIES!!COUNTRIES!!

KOREAN WAR / Forgotten KOREAN WAR / Forgotten WarWar During WWII Japan During WWII Japan

had invaded Koreahad invaded Korea As the war closes in As the war closes in

on Japan & Asia the on Japan & Asia the Allies invade.Allies invade.

Soviets invade Soviets invade from Northfrom North

America invades America invades from South to the from South to the 38 parallel.38 parallel.

Forgotten WAR CONT…Forgotten WAR CONT… North of 38 parallel North of 38 parallel

became Communist = became Communist = NORTH KOREA NORTH KOREA (Pyongyang)(Pyongyang)

South of 38 parallel South of 38 parallel became Democratic = became Democratic = SOUTH KOREA (Seoul)SOUTH KOREA (Seoul)

Each government Each government claims to be the Real claims to be the Real versionversion

INVASION OF SOUTH INVASION OF SOUTH KOREAKOREA

July 25, 1950 – North Korea surprise July 25, 1950 – North Korea surprise attack against South Korea.attack against South Korea.

America caught off guardAmerica caught off guard Truman calls for naval and air Truman calls for naval and air

forces.forces. UN members send 520,000 troopsUN members send 520,000 troops 590,000 Korean troops590,000 Korean troops All troops were placed under All troops were placed under

MacArthurMacArthur’’s command.s command.

June 1950June 1950

AMERICAN FEARSAMERICAN FEARS

TRUMAN WAS AFRAID TRUMAN WAS AFRAID KOREAN WAR WOULD = KOREAN WAR WOULD =

INTERNATIONAL WARINTERNATIONAL WAR

SEPTEMBER 1950SEPTEMBER 1950

U.S U.S troops troops pushed pushed to to PUSANPUSAN

Next six weeks is desperateNext six weeks is desperate Bloody struggle as North Bloody struggle as North

Koreans threw everything Koreans threw everything at American and ROK at American and ROK (South Korean) forces in an (South Korean) forces in an effort to regain control. effort to regain control.

Attempt to gain complete Attempt to gain complete control over Korea. control over Korea.

October 1950October 1950

MacArthurMacArthur’’s s Miracle Miracle CounterattaCounterattackck

MacArthurMacArthur’’s Miracle s Miracle CounterattackCounterattack

MacArthur MacArthur changes the changes the course of warcourse of war

Communist China Communist China tries to warn North tries to warn North Korea, but NK Korea, but NK ignores warning.ignores warning.

Throws off North Throws off North KoreansKoreans

Double invasionDouble invasion

October 1950October 1950U.S. U.S.

forces forces invade invade North North KoreaKorea

Chinese ThreatChinese Threat Truman clamed by Truman clamed by

MacArthur…MacArthur…

"We are no longer "We are no longer fearful of their fearful of their intervention,...if the intervention,...if the Chinese tried to get Chinese tried to get down to Pyongyang down to Pyongyang there would be the there would be the greatest slaughter." greatest slaughter."

GUESS GUESS WHAT????WHAT????

NOVEMBER 1950NOVEMBER 1950

300,000 300,000 CHINESE CHINESE FORCES FORCES INVADE INVADE NKNK

THE CHINESE ARE THE CHINESE ARE COMING!!!COMING!!!

Chinese push U.S. Troops Chinese push U.S. Troops backback

Past 38 ParallelPast 38 Parallel Seoul changes hands Seoul changes hands

again= 3again= 3rdrd time time

JAN-MAR 1951JAN-MAR 1951

““MEATGRINDERMEATGRINDER”” Slowly U.S. troops push NK & Slowly U.S. troops push NK &

Chinese back to 38 parallelChinese back to 38 parallel Seoul changes hands (for 4Seoul changes hands (for 4thth and and

last time)last time) Inflicted heavy casualties on the Inflicted heavy casualties on the

Chinese and North Koreans Chinese and North Koreans MacArthur fired by Truman for MacArthur fired by Truman for

insubordination insubordination

END OF WAR?END OF WAR?

Stalemate lasted Stalemate lasted for 2 more yearsfor 2 more years

54,000 54,000 Americans killedAmericans killed

More than 2 More than 2 million Intmillion Int’’ll

Armistice signed Armistice signed July 27, 1953July 27, 1953

WE ALSO LEARNED WE ALSO LEARNED

#1 Local conflict stays local = NO #1 Local conflict stays local = NO WORLD WARWORLD WAR

#2 Leaves inconclusive decisions.#2 Leaves inconclusive decisions. Ex: Did we stop communism?Ex: Did we stop communism? EX: Did we help anyone?EX: Did we help anyone? EX: Was it worth it?EX: Was it worth it? Only time can tell.Only time can tell.

RESULTS OF THE WARRESULTS OF THE WAR

Still a NK & SKStill a NK & SK NK is nuclear threatNK is nuclear threat SK surviving SK surviving

economicallyeconomically NK struggling with NK struggling with

food food storages/energystorages/energy

U.S. still has about U.S. still has about 40,000 troops there.40,000 troops there.

2000 SUMMER OLYMPICS2000 SUMMER OLYMPICS N & S KOREA unveiled a unified flag and N & S KOREA unveiled a unified flag and

marched into Olympic stadium TOGETHER.marched into Olympic stadium TOGETHER. Currently experimenting with a SINGLE Currently experimenting with a SINGLE

Korea, but still talks very difficult.Korea, but still talks very difficult.