Chapter 7Chapter 7

Section 1: The Early Years of the Section 1: The Early Years of the WarWar

Section 2: The War ExpandsSection 2: The War Expands

After the Proclamation of After the Proclamation of 17631763

After the Stamp ActAfter the Stamp Act After the Quartering ActAfter the Quartering Act After the Sugar ActAfter the Sugar Act After the Stamp ActAfter the Stamp Act After The Townshend ActsAfter The Townshend Acts After the Tea ActAfter the Tea Act After the Intolerable ActsAfter the Intolerable Acts After the Boston MassacreAfter the Boston Massacre After Lexington and After Lexington and

ConcordConcord After Bunker HillAfter Bunker Hill After the Book After the Book ““Common Common

SenseSense”” is published is published After the Declaration of After the Declaration of

Independence is WrittenIndependence is Written

It looks like It looks like therethere’’s a good s a good

chance of a war chance of a war with Englandwith England

At the beginning of the American At the beginning of the American Revolution:Revolution:

The colonists were fighting for:The colonists were fighting for: Their rights under English lawTheir rights under English law A revision (change) of certain lawsA revision (change) of certain laws

Remember: Just writing the Declaration of Remember: Just writing the Declaration of Independence did not make the colonies an Independence did not make the colonies an independent country – they had to have a independent country – they had to have a

revolutionrevolution

1/3 1/3 1/3 rule:1/3 1/3 1/3 rule: There are three groups of people There are three groups of people

usually involved in political decisions.usually involved in political decisions.

Those who are for Those who are for the issue.the issue.

Those who are Those who are against the issue.against the issue.

Those who donThose who don’’t t really have a really have a strong opinion.strong opinion.

In the American In the American Revolution:Revolution:

About 30% were About 30% were LoyalistsLoyalists

(loyal to England).(loyal to England). About 40% were About 40% were PatriotsPatriots (wanted (wanted

independence).independence). About 30% were About 30% were neutral neutral (no side).(no side).

The Americans did form an The Americans did form an ArmyArmy

(The Continental Army)(The Continental Army) And… George And… George

Washington became Washington became commandercommander

Most men were only signed Most men were only signed up for a year (and then just up for a year (and then just went home).went home).

These soldiers were very These soldiers were very low on supplies (blankets, low on supplies (blankets, shoes, food, and even guns shoes, food, and even guns and ammunition).and ammunition).

They were just not a very They were just not a very good army.good army.

The British didnThe British didn’’t feel they t feel they had enough men, and they had enough men, and they even used even used mercenaries:mercenaries: professional soldiers hired professional soldiers hired to fight in another countryto fight in another country

There were some famous There were some famous battles battles

Battle of the Battle of the MohawkMohawk

Fort TiconderogaFort Ticonderoga The Battle of The Battle of

BrandywineBrandywine The Battle of The Battle of

Saratoga Saratoga – the – the turning point in turning point in the Revolutionary the Revolutionary WarWar

And… many And… many othersothers

But things didnBut things didn’’t start getting t start getting better for the colonists until…better for the colonists until…

An An ““allyally”” came to their came to their aide.aide.

France also didnFrance also didn’’t like the t like the British and had problems British and had problems with them in the past ( and with them in the past ( and still wanted revenge).still wanted revenge).

They formed an They formed an alliancealliance and helped by sending and helped by sending funds, supplies, and funds, supplies, and troops.troops.

The French – also The French – also convinced Spain to help convinced Spain to help the Americans – even the Americans – even Poland and Germany sent Poland and Germany sent some help.some help.

This forced the British to This forced the British to fight several enemies at fight several enemies at once – and in several once – and in several places at once.places at once.

A country with a common goal

An agreement to work together

One of the more famous places / times One of the more famous places / times

of the Revolution: winter at Valley of the Revolution: winter at Valley Forge Forge

WashingtonWashington’’s army was very s army was very short on supplies.short on supplies.

Men even slept in shifts Men even slept in shifts because there werenbecause there weren’’t enough t enough blankets.blankets.

Men even shared clothing – Men even shared clothing – whoever was on guard duty whoever was on guard duty took the others clothes to stand took the others clothes to stand out in the weather. The others out in the weather. The others sat by the fire and waited.sat by the fire and waited.

They ran out of shoes and used They ran out of shoes and used old hats on their feet.old hats on their feet.

Soldiers sometimes went days Soldiers sometimes went days without food and when they did without food and when they did eat, it was often flour and water eat, it was often flour and water mixed and cooked.mixed and cooked.

““Feet and legs froze until they Feet and legs froze until they were black, and it was often were black, and it was often necessary to amputate them.necessary to amputate them.

1/4 of the men died from the 1/4 of the men died from the weather.weather.

The name Valley Forge came The name Valley Forge came to stand for the great to stand for the great hardships that Americans hardships that Americans endured in the Revolutionary endured in the Revolutionary War.War.

The war was also foughtThe war was also fought On the frontierOn the frontier (This was more than half (This was more than half

the total size of the United the total size of the United States)States)

At seaAt sea

(But America didn(But America didn’’t have itt have it’’s s own ships.own ships.

American privateersAmerican privateers attacked attacked British merchant ships.British merchant ships.

Privately owned American Privately owned American ships that were given ships that were given permission to capture British permission to capture British ships, take their cargo and ships, take their cargo and keep the money they made.keep the money they made.

In one famous sea battle In one famous sea battle against the British:against the British:

John Paul JonesJohn Paul Jones was commander of the was commander of the ““Bonhomme Bonhomme Richard.Richard.””

Jones and the British ship Jones and the British ship ““the Serapisthe Serapis”” were in the middle were in the middle of a great battle.of a great battle.

The British commander demanded that Jones surrender.The British commander demanded that Jones surrender. Jones responded Jones responded ““I have not yet begun to fightI have not yet begun to fight”” The kind of successes inspired the AmericansThe kind of successes inspired the Americans

JOHN PAUL JONES, 1747-1792, JOHN PAUL JONES, 1747-1792, U.S. NAVY, 1775-1783. U.S. NAVY, 1775-1783.

HE GAVE OUR NAVY ITS EARLIEST TRADITIONS OF HEROISM AND HE GAVE OUR NAVY ITS EARLIEST TRADITIONS OF HEROISM AND VICTORY. VICTORY.

In a marble crypt in Annapolis, Maryland, at the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel, lies an American hero. In death, as in life,

John Paul Jones commands the deepest affection of his fellow countrymen.