NOTES:CHAPTER 10 SECTION 3 AND 4

“America Expands Influence”

I.) Territory of Puerto Rico

A. During Spanish-American War controlled by military

1. General Nelson A. Miles

B. Territory seen as strategically important1. U.S. presence in Caribbean/protection of future canal

C. Foraker Act (1900): passed by Congress that ended military rule in Puerto Rico & set up civil govt.1. governor, upper house, lower house2. 1917 given U.S. citizenship

II.) Territory of Cuba

A. Teller Amendment (1898): states U.S. has no intention of taking over Cuba

B. Treaty of Paris: ends Spanish-American war; declares Cuba’s independence1. Jose Marti: Cuban patriot fears U.S. will dominate

politics of Cuba2. American military govt. aides Cuban people & economy

C. 1900 Cuban Constitution is adopted1. Platt Amendment(1901): U.S. provisions added to

Cuban Constitution & Cuba become U.S. “protectorate” WHY? To protect American business interests!!!

III.) Territory of the Philippines

A. Treaty of Paris calls for U.S. annexation of PhilippinesOutcome: Filipino outrage leads to revolt lead by Emilio

Aguinaldo in 1899 B.Philippine-American War: takes U.S. 3 years to halt rebellion; claimed 4,000 lives; cost 400 million Outcome: new govt. set up with: president, upper

house, and lower houseC. Becomes independent republic July 4, 1946

IV.) Foreign Influence in China

A. China seen as potential market for American products1. Europe has been claiming colonies in China for years

B. U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issues the “Open Door Notes” in 18991. proposed nations share trading rights in China; no one

nation will have a monopoly over trade w/China

C. Boxer Rebellion: Cause: secret Chinese groups who resented Western

domination; attack missionaries/foreignersOutcome: combined forces march to capital & halt rebellion

D. Effect of Boxer Rebellion1. U.S. fears European nations will attempt to gain more 2. John Hay issues second series of “Open Door” notes

E. Open Door Policy: foundation of American foreign policy1. U.S. economy depended on exports2. U.S. has right to intervene to keep foreign markets open3. closing of a country to U.S. threatened U.S. survival

V.) Opposition to Imperialism

A. William McKinley re-elected in 190o shows majority of Americans favored his policies

B. Anti-Imperialist League: opposed Imperialism; U.S. should not rule other people without their consent

C. Election of Theodore Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson will continue U.S. influence around the world