THE COLD WARTHE COLD WAR

Cold War BackgroundCold War Background

Post WWII DevelopmentsPost WWII Developments

Truman’s Containment PolicyTruman’s Containment Policy

US Military Expands & US Military Expands & ModernizesModernizes

Korean WarKorean War

Background & LeadershipBackground & Leadership• Harry Truman(44): Farmer, WWI, Missouri Harry Truman(44): Farmer, WWI, Missouri

– judge, Senate, 1944 VP, pragmatic & flintyjudge, Senate, 1944 VP, pragmatic & flinty

• Churchill: loses election 1945Churchill: loses election 1945

• Stalin: Background- “man of steel,” 1928 Stalin: Background- “man of steel,” 1928 – 5 year plan of collective farms kills millions, 5 year plan of collective farms kills millions,

Purges of 1933-37 & 1937-38 kill 7m, Gulag Purges of 1933-37 & 1937-38 kill 7m, Gulag kills 4.5 m, secret protocols with Hitlerkills 4.5 m, secret protocols with Hitler

– Communist Ideology: No private property, Communist Ideology: No private property, material equality, no religion, totalitarian material equality, no religion, totalitarian government, closed society, call for world government, closed society, call for world wide revolution. wide revolution.

Harry S Truman: 1944-1953Harry S Truman: 1944-1953

Stalin: Soviet Leader 1924-Stalin: Soviet Leader 1924-19531953

Post War DevelopmentsPost War Developments• Japan: democracy, westernized, no armyJapan: democracy, westernized, no army

• Germany and Berlin: split into 4 zonesGermany and Berlin: split into 4 zones– US, English, French, and SovietUS, English, French, and Soviet– 1947 West side held elections, wanted unity1947 West side held elections, wanted unity

• United Nations created 1945: SF, Security United Nations created 1945: SF, Security Council w/ veto, General AssemblyCouncil w/ veto, General Assembly

• Soviets take Eastern Europe: E. Germany,Soviets take Eastern Europe: E. Germany,– Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, YugoPoland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugo– And Albania. Soviet: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania And Albania. Soviet: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania – March 1948 Soviets coup of Czechs March 1948 Soviets coup of Czechs

Truman: ContainmentTruman: Containment

• Truman stops Lend Lease to SovietsTruman stops Lend Lease to Soviets

• Kennan telegraph: “contain” RussiaKennan telegraph: “contain” Russia– Stalin is dangerous, Russia plans expansion.Stalin is dangerous, Russia plans expansion.

• Greece and Turkey: Civil War w/ RedsGreece and Turkey: Civil War w/ Reds

• Truman Doctrine: US will ”Aid free people” Truman Doctrine: US will ”Aid free people” – Against Soviet expansion, $400m Against Soviet expansion, $400m

• Marshall Plan: $17 billion, (after $9 b) Marshall Plan: $17 billion, (after $9 b) – US gives massive economic aid to EuropeUS gives massive economic aid to Europe

• Soviets Blockade Berlin: Truman airlifts tonsSoviets Blockade Berlin: Truman airlifts tons– of food and supplies to people of West Berlinof food and supplies to people of West Berlin

• NATO: Western Europe & US & Canada NATO: Western Europe & US & Canada – Form military alliance to protect Europe.Form military alliance to protect Europe.

George MarshallGeorge Marshall

Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949

US Military ExpandsUS Military Expands

• National Security Act 1947: Dept. National Security Act 1947: Dept. DefenseDefense– CIA, National Security CouncilCIA, National Security Council

• Russia steels the A-Bomb 1949Russia steels the A-Bomb 1949

• US develops H-Bomb 1952: Ed TellerUS develops H-Bomb 1952: Ed Teller

• NSC-68 1950: Acheson. US must spendNSC-68 1950: Acheson. US must spend– more on defense to fight Soviets. more on defense to fight Soviets. – Defense budget: increases to $50 billion, Defense budget: increases to $50 billion,

or or – 17% of GNP (today 3%)17% of GNP (today 3%)– Army grows to 3.5 million Army grows to 3.5 million

Dean Acheson: Sec of stateDean Acheson: Sec of state

China and KoreaChina and Korea

• China: Mao wins, Chiang flees to TaiwanChina: Mao wins, Chiang flees to Taiwan

• Korea: North communist Kim Il-Sung,Korea: North communist Kim Il-Sung,– Agrarian South democratic- 38Agrarian South democratic- 38thth parallel parallel– North invades South: Kim; Mao, StalinNorth invades South: Kim; Mao, Stalin– North pushes all they way to Pusan PerimeterNorth pushes all they way to Pusan Perimeter– Truman goes to UN, multinational force Truman goes to UN, multinational force – MacArthur: Inchon Landing, up to YaluMacArthur: Inchon Landing, up to Yalu– 300,000 Chinese push US to 38300,000 Chinese push US to 38thth parallel parallel– MacArthur wants to fight, fired by Truman.MacArthur wants to fight, fired by Truman.– Armistice: South Korea capitalistic democracy Armistice: South Korea capitalistic democracy

Korean War: June 1950Korean War: June 1950