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Chapter 7 “A View of the Cell”Chapter 7 “A View of the Cell” p. 170 – 193p. 170 – 193
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campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/cells/index.htmwww.ndpteachers.org/perit/biology_image_galle...www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../BioBookAnimalTS.html types of organ tissue cellswww.answers.com/topic/cell-organization
COMMON CELL TRAITSCOMMON CELL TRAITS A A cellcell is the is the
smallest unit that is smallest unit that is capable of capable of performing performing life life functionsfunctions..
COMPARING CELLSCOMPARING CELLS
The The sizesize & & shapeshape of of a cell relates to its a cell relates to its functionfunction. (job it does). (job it does)
Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells cells withoutwithout membrane- membrane-bound structuresbound structures
EXEX: : bacteriabacteria
pond scumpond scum
Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk) (yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells cells withwith membrane-bound membrane-bound structuresstructures
EX: EX: animalsanimals, , plantsplants, , fungifungi and and protistsprotists
protectsprotects the cell the cell gives gives shapeshape is made of is made of cellulosecellulose A cell wall is found in A cell wall is found in plantsplants, , algaealgae, , fungifungi, ,
& most & most bacteriabacteria..
CELL WALLCELL WALL
PLASMA MEMBRANEPLASMA MEMBRANE
Outer covering, Outer covering, protective protective layerlayer around around ALLALL cells cells
For cells with cell walls,the For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is cell membrane is inside the inside the cell wallcell wall
Allows Allows foodfood, , oxygenoxygen, & , & waterwater into the cell & into the cell & wastewaste products out of the cell.products out of the cell.
CYTOPLASMCYTOPLASM
gelatin-likegelatin-like inside cell membrane inside cell membrane constantly constantly flowsflows aka aka protoplasmprotoplasm
CYTOSKELETONCYTOSKELETON
scaffoldingscaffolding-like -like structure in cytoplasmstructure in cytoplasm
helps the cell helps the cell maintainmaintain or or changechange its shape its shape
made of made of proteinprotein
NUCLEUSNUCLEUS Directs all Directs all cell cell
activitiesactivities Contains Contains instructionsinstructions
for everything the cell for everything the cell doesdoes
These instructions are These instructions are found on a found on a hereditaryhereditary material called material called DNADNA
Usually the Usually the largestlargest organelleorganelle
NUCLEAR MEMBRANENUCLEAR MEMBRANE
separates separates nucleusnucleus from from cytoplasmcytoplasm
controls movement of controls movement of materials materials in & outin & out of of nucleusnucleus
NUCLEOLUSNUCLEOLUS
Aka “Aka “little nucleuslittle nucleus” ” Found in the Found in the nucleusnucleus Ribosomes made Ribosomes made
herehere
CHROMATINCHROMATIN
contains contains genetic codegenetic code that controls cell that controls cell made of made of DNADNA & & proteins proteins (deoxyribonucleic acid) (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Cell StructureCell Structure
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CHLOROPLASTSCHLOROPLASTS
GreenGreen organelles that organelles that make foodmake food
found only in found only in plantplant cells cells
CHLOROPHYLLCHLOROPHYLL
A green A green pigmentpigment that that gives leaves & stems gives leaves & stems their their colorcolor
Captures Captures sunlightsunlight energy that is used to energy that is used to produce produce foodfood called called glucoseglucose
Glucose is a type of Glucose is a type of sugarsugar
MITOCHONDRIAMITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release Organelles that release energyenergy from from foodfood This energy is released by breaking down food This energy is released by breaking down food
into into carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energyenergy
from from foodfood Some Some musclemuscle cells cells
have 20,000 mitochondria have 20,000 mitochondria
RIBOSOMESRIBOSOMES
Make Make proteinsproteins Float freelyFloat freely or or
attached to the attached to the endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are Ribosomes are made in the made in the nucleolusnucleolus
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A series of A series of folded folded
membranesmembranes that that move move materials materials (proteins) (proteins) around in a cellaround in a cell
like a like a conveyor beltconveyor belt Smooth ERSmooth ER – –
ribosomes not attached ribosomes not attached to ERto ER
Rough ERRough ER – – ribosomes ribosomes attachedattached to ER to ER
GOLGI BODIESGOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee) (GAWL jee)
Stacked Stacked flattenedflattened membranesmembranes
SortSort and and packagepackage proteins proteins
VACUOLESVACUOLES
Temporary Temporary storage storage spaces spaces
Store Store foodfood, , waterwater, , wastewaste
LYSOSOMESLYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz) (LI suh sohmz) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill
body." body." The purpose of the lysosome is to The purpose of the lysosome is to
digestdigest things. They might be used to things. They might be used to digest digest foodfood or break down the cell or break down the cell when it dies.when it dies.
Break down Break down foodfood molecules, molecules, cell cell wasteswastes & & worn outworn out cell parts cell parts
FROM CELL TO ORGANISMFROM CELL TO ORGANISM
CellThe basic unit of life
TissueGroup of cells working together
OrganGroup of tissues working together
OrganismAny living thing made of 1 or more cells
Organ SystemGroup of organs working together
NAME THE ORGANELLENAME THE ORGANELLE
d. Mitochondria
b. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body a. Nucleus
1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles
7- ER
8- Cell Membrane
Scientific DrawingsScientific Drawings
Line drawings Line drawings smooth continuous smooth continuous
lines (simple)lines (simple) No shadingNo shading Left of centerLeft of center Labels on rightLabels on right
Ruler linesRuler lines PrintPrint
Micro or macroMicro or macro http://awbionotes.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/2-3-1.png
Liver Cell (1000x)
Cottonwood Poplar Leaf (text p 560)Cottonwood Poplar Leaf (text p 560)
TitleTitle Scale or Scale or
magnificationmagnification
http://cnx.org/content/m47405/latest/Figure_30_04_01.jpg
Cottonwood Leaf(Actual size)
Field of View (p 1098)Field of View (p 1098)
Micrometer slideMicrometer slide Ruler Ruler
http://i01.i.aliimg.com/wsphoto/v0/1212502279/0-1mm-Stage-micrometer-microscope-slide-font-b-calibration-b-font-object-micro-fine-font-b.jpg
Magnification (p1098)Magnification (p1098)
Eyepiece x objective lensEyepiece x objective lens 40x40x 100x100x 400x400x
http://www.mr-damon.com/experiments/1ib_bio/micrometer_scope_slide3.jpg
Wet MountWet Mount