Exploration and Expansionism
Exploration and ExpansionismChapter 6, Section
11ExpansionismEuropeans began to expand into the rest of the world
between 1500 and 1800.Portugal and Spain were first. Then the Dutch
Republic, England and France.2What is expansion?
3
4Motives for ExplorationWhat caused them to take such dangerous
journeys?1. To convert the natives2. for adventure3. for the riches
God, glory, and gold5Why did the Europeans want to explore and
expand?
6
7Portuguese Trading EmpirePortugal took the lead in European
exploration. In 1420, Portuguese fleets began probing southward
along the western coast of Africa. There they discovered
gold.8Which European country was first to explore?
9Portuguese Trading EmpirePortuguese sea captains heard reports
of a route to India around the southern tip of Africa. In 1488,
Dias rounded the tip, called the Cape of Good Hope. Later, Vasco da
Gama went around the cape and made it to India. He returned to
Portugal with spices and made a huge profit.
10What country was Portugal first interested in reaching?
11Portuguese Trading EmpireThe Portuguese continued to look for
the source of the spice trade. They gained control of Melaka on the
Malay Peninsula. Melaka was a thriving port for the spice trade.
Portugal gained control of the spice trade.12What did Portugal gain
control of that completed their empire?
13
14Voyages to the AmericasThe Portuguese sailed eastward through
the Indian ocean to reach the source of the spice trade. The
Spanish sought to reach it by sailing westward across the
Atlantic.
15How did the Spanish believe they could reach the spice
trade?
16ColumbusAn Italian explorer believed that the Earth was not as
large as others thought and believed he could reach Asia by sailing
West. Queen Isabella of Spain financed his mission in 1492.
Columbus reached Cuba and Hispaniola and believed he had found
Asia. 17Columbus explored for Spain but was actually from
__________.
18Read page 196 in bookQuestions:
Why did Columbus give the people of Hispaniola a thousand
handsome good things?How did the explorers take advantage of Native
Americans?To whom was Columbus writing this letter? How do you
know?
19The Line of DemarcationBoth Portugal and Spain feared one
another would claim the others newly discovered land. In 1494, the
Treaty of Tordesillas resolved the problem.They decided on a north
to south line through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part
of South America. Portugal claimed the unexplored territory east of
the line, and Spain to the west. 20What was the Treaty of
Tordesillas?
21
22Race to the AmericasOther countries realized that Columbus had
discovered a new frontier. Venetian John Cabot explored the New
England coastline for England and Florentine Amerigo Vespucci went
on several voyages. Europeans called these areas the New World even
though civilizations had been flourishing there for centuries.
23The Spanish EmpireSpanish conquerors of the Americas,
conquistadors , had much success taking over area in the Americas.
It took Hernan Cortes only three years to overthrow the Aztec
Empire in central Mexico. By 1550 Spain controlled northern Mexico.
In South America, Francisco Pizzaro took control of the Incan
Empire. By 1535, Queen Isabella declared that the natives, called
Indians were her subjects.24By 1550, what country was in control of
Mexico?
25The Spanish EmpireShe granted the Spanish encomineda, the
right to use the Native Americans as laborers. Mexicos population
dropped from 25 million to 3 million due to forced labor,
starvation and European disease. Catholic missionaries converted
and baptized many natives. The Native American social and political
structure was torn apart and replaced by European systems of
religion, language, culture and government.26Economic Impact and
CompetitionEuropeans sought gold and silver wherever they went. In
addition, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla and hides from livestock
flowed into Europe. The extensive exchange of plants and animals
between the Old and New World known as the Columbian Exchange
transformed the economic activity of both.
27Why was the exchange called the Columbian exchange?
28Trade, colonies and mercantilismEuropean nations in the 1500s
and 1600s established many colonies in the Americas and the East. A
colony is a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked
with the parent country by trade and government. The English
established colonies in North America and by 1700 the English had
established a colonial empire along the eastern coast.
29What will the English settlement in North America become?
30Trade, colonies and mercantilismColonies played an important
role in the theory of mercantilism. According to this theory, a
nations wealth depends on a large supply of gold and silver because
it gave a country a favorable balance of trade. This means that a
nation exports more than they import.Colonies were important as
sources of raw materials for the parent country and market for
goods.
31BIOPOEM Magellan pg. 188, Columbus pg. 196Line One: First
NameLine Two: Three or four adjectives that describe the personLine
Three: Important relationship (brother of, colleague of)Line Four:
2-3 things,, people, ideas that the person loved or was interested
inLine five: 3 feelings the person experiencedLine six: 3 fears the
person experiencedLine seven: Accomplishments (discovered)Line
eight: 2-3 places or people the person wanted to see or experiences
the person wanted to haveLine nine: His or her residence Line ten:
Last name32
