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Timeline
• 1867 Alaska
• 1893 Hawaii
• 1898 Spanish-American War
– Puerto Rico
– Philippines
• 1899 Open Door Policy, China
• 1903 Panama
Taking Over Hawaii
• 8 main islands + >100 smaller ones
• Missionaries and Planters
• “A tale of 2 Constitutions”…
King Kalakaua
Taking Over Hawaii
• Planters import Asian labor
• Planters Rebel 1893
• Annexing Hawaii, 1898 … statehood 1959
Queen Liliuokalani
Tension in Cuba
• Cuba Libre!
– Tensions in Cuba since 1860s
– Lola Rodriguez de Tio
– José Marti
– Governor, General Weyler
– “reconcentration”
Tension in Cuba• American Opinion
Splits
– $$$ = sugar, rice plantations
– Would it hurt trade?
– Would we be supporting freedom fighters like our own founding fathers?
– Is it right for us to have colonies?
Americans Call for War
• Sensational Newspaper Stories
– Pulitzer’s World newspaper; Hearst’s Journal
– Atrocities
– Yellow journalism (“You supply the pictures, I’ll supply the war!”
– “Epidemic of insanity” (- Cleveland)
Americans Call for War• Remember the
Maine!
– Sent to protect US citizens & property in Havana harbor
– 15 Feb – BOOM! 260 / 350 dead
– Accident? – probably, but at the time…
– 25 Apr 1898 – war resolution passes
Spanish-American War
• Victory in the Philippines
– T Roosevelt = Assistant Secr Navy … Secretary of navy on vacation…
– Gge. Dewey: to sail into manila Bay… 30 Apr – sneak in – destroy Spanish fleet
– July – ground troops land
– Emilio Aguinaldo; rebels; together we…
Spanish-American War
• War in Cuba
– Troops land in Cuba
– Rough Riders (mixed; many cowboys and upper class adventure seekers)
– Buffalo Soldiers (African Americans)
– Santiago Bay – Sp fleet destroyed
Spanish-American War
• A Quick End
– 4 mos. - war over – 379 die in battle, 5,000 from disease
– “Splendid little war” (-Haye)
Ruling and Empire
• Cuba
– “OK, you can write your own constitution, BUT…” Platt Amendment
– Protectorate; Guantanamo Bay base
– Troops out by 1902, but return in 1906 and 1917
Ruling and Empire
• Revolt in the Philippines
– “The US using military force to prevent Filipinos from getting the same rights that the American people proclaimed more than a century ago.” – Aguinaldo
– War drags on for years – 60,000 US troops
War in the Philippines
– 1901 – Aguilando captured – end war
– 40,000 die Philippines war
– 200,000 die from famine, fighting, disease
– 1902 = US sets up gov’t in Philippines (not citizens b/c planned to grant independence)
– 1946 – granted Philippines independence
Panama canal
• TR’s plan
– “isthmus” = …
– Why? Commerce & navy
– Colombia owned it – no deal
– Rebels in Panama want to break free, so we help them
•
Panama canal
• Taking the canal zone
– Nov ’03 Nashville in port of Colon, Panama
– Rebellion, US troops keep Colombian troops from crushing rebellion
– Panama new gov’t agrees to let us build canal
Building the canal
• Conquering tropical disease
– Mosquito paradise
– Malaria
– Yellow fever
– Dr. Wllm. Gorgas, 1905 , to Panama
– 1906 – measures succeed
– High death toll, certain racial groups worse…
President T. Roosevelt• Assassination of McKinley
becomes Pres
– Was in Adirondacks when heard news
• Nobel Peace Prize
• Government should be the great arbiter of the conflicting economic forces in the Nation, especially between capital and labor, guaranteeing justice to each and dispensing favors to none
• steered the United States more actively into world politics
President H. Taft• caught in the intense battles
between Progressives and conservatives
• angry Progressive onslaught against him
• administration initiated 80 antitrust suits
• Federal income tax
• direct election of Senators.
• Interstate Commerce Commission was directed to set railroad rates
Trustbusting
• Click to edit Master text styles– Second level– Third level
• Fourth level– Fifth level
Trustbusting
• 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act
• criticized the wealthy class
• continued exploitation of public could result in violent uprising = destroy whole system.
• captains of industry arrogant – believe selves superior to elected government
• Northern Securities Company
– JP Morgan
• “good” versus “bad” trusts