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Chapter Five
Focus 5-1
The Age of Exploration
Classroom Discussion
Summary
- Europeans wanted more and
more goods as time went on
- As a result of the spread of
ideas across Europe many new
materials, spices, scents,
precious stones, ivory, furs, etc.
were wanted
- these things were in huge
demand and there was a lot of
money to be made
- England, France, Spain and
Holland began to go beyond
their countries by crossing the
huge oceans in ships
- trade was increasing and so
was manufacturing or making
new things out of raw materials
- the humanists valued
questioning and exploration and
as these ideas spread many
people wanted to sail the
oceans and find out what was
out there
- certain countries began to
send out explorers
- some of the kings and queens
of the time (1400’s-1500’s)
wanted to finance these trips
- one of the most famous was
Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand of Spain who
financed Christopher
Columbus.
- in 1492, Christopher
Columbus had three ships -
The Nina, the Pinta, the
Santa Maria
- they set out trying to find a
shorter route to the East in
order to bring back the
expensive goods that Europe
wanted
- these early explorers ran into
several problems:
a. -poor navigation so they often
went off course
b. - security was a problem in
that they faced many unknown
dangers - (weather, animals,
unknown people and cultures,
the sea and many other
dangers)
c. - poor attitude on the part of
the Explorers - they were
superior and believed they had
the right to take what they
wanted. Other cultures were
often seen as inferior or being
animal-like. They were there
to serve the Europeans.
- as a result of several wars in
the East, many of the traditional
trade routes were no longer safe
- Mongol Empire collapse made
passage to China dangerous
- When the Muslim Turks took
over Constantinople, trade with
Europe was in danger of stopping
- these are only two reasons why
explorations was necessary
Europe Needed More Gold
And Silver
- money in Europe was made
of gold and silver
- the mines in Europe were
running out of these metals
- in order to make more money
they needed more metal
- they needed to start going
further and further away to
find these metals. Their
economies depended on it.
Europeans Wanted To Spread
Christianity
- in Mark 16:15 in the Bible
is says,” Go into all the world,
and proclaim the good news to
the whole creation.”
- Europeans believed it was
their job to spread Christianity
to other nations
- they believed it was what
Jesus would have wanted to
spread the gospel
- list the Five Pillars of Faith
found in the Qur’an.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- the Muslims believed that
they were to spread their faith,
as well.
- this lead to many conflicts
between Christians and
Muslims which continues
today
Europeans Wanted to Demystify
The World
- with the humanist ideas about
wanting to know things,
exploration became important
- Europeans wanted to know
what was out there beyond all
that water
- they hoped there would be new
things that they didn’t know
about that would make
European culture better
- humanist thinking made them
curious
Expanding Navigational
Technology
- technology used while out on
the sea was not perfect
- by travelling more, this
technology began to improve
- Prince Henry of Portugal
was one of the first people to
take this seriously and work on
inventing new technology that
improved sailing
- ship design also began to
change and improve as
Europeans learned how
challenging the sea really was
- the attitude known as
“expansionism” became
important
- this is the idea or belief that
one wants to increase power
and territory by taking over
other lands
- the expansionist mentality
changed European behavior in
other countries
- this expansionist thinking
caused Europeans to be very
aggressive and often mean and
cruel in order to do a complete
take-over.
- Europeans went from sailing
nearby seas to sailing the entire
world within a hundred years.
- Portugal was the first nation
to really begin exploration
- other European countries
followed soon
- these countries began
“colonizing” other lands all
over the world
- some famous explorers were
Christopher Columbus and
Ferdinand Magellan,
- this expansionism caused
Europeans to end up living all
over the world. New colonies
were developed and these
slowly expanded and took over
the lands they were in.