Chapter 5 Politics & Slavery WWhat was important to the economy and the society in the United States, especially in the South? SLAVERY WWhat did whites in the North as well as in the South believe about Blacks? They believed blacks were inferior to whites. What words are not found in the U.S. Constitution? Slave & Slavery What terms are used instead? all other persons or persons held to service or labor What question was usually avoided in political controversies and why? Slavery because it was a sensitive issue In what year did slavery become a primary issue of the day? 1819 Missouri Compromise What was the year of the Louisiana Purchase? 1803 What is the difference between a slave and a free state? Slave state = permitted slavery Free state = no slavery permitted At what latitude was the Missouri Compromise line drawn? 36 30 N Everything north of that line (36 30 N) was considered a free state. In what year was the Missouri Compromise passed? 1819 Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state. Antislavery Movement In what year was the American Colonization Society (ACS) formed? 1817 What did the ACS support? Freedom of slaves and removing them to Africa What grew out of the work of the ACS? Nation of Liberia in west Africa What is emancipation? Freedom What was the name of the antislavery newspaper and who published it? The Liberator published by William Lloyd Garrison Nullification Crisis What are states rights? Belief that the rights of states should prevail over rights of federal government What is a tariff? Tax on imported goods designed to keep out foreign competition Congress passed a bill that denied the states the right to nullify a law. TRUE Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition? John C. Calhoun Compromise of 1850 What party was formed in opposition to slavery? Republican What is popular sovereignty? Vote by the people living in an area on a specific issue What did the Compromise of 1850 state? California was admitted as a free state. Western territories were to be determined by popular sovereignty. Stronger fugitive slave law What did the Kansas/Nebraska Act declare? Permitted Kansas to vote on slavery even though north of 36 30 N Bleeding Kansas What is secession? Withdrawal from the Union 1860 Presidential Election How many political parties were there in the election of 1860? 4 Each party had a platform. What is a platform? Statement of the principles and policies a party supports Name the parties and their candidates. Republican Abraham Lincoln Platform: No slavery in the territories but would not interfere with slave states Democrat Stephen Douglas Platform: Supported popular sovereignty Southern Democrat John Breckinridge Platform: Wanted to preserve slavery Constitutional Union John Bell Platform: Wanted a peaceful way to save the Union WINNER What did the election of 1860 reveal to thousands across the country? There were deep divisions in the country. In what order did the states secede? 1 st - South Carolina 2 nd Mississippi* 3 rd Alabama 4 th Georgia 5 th Florida 6 th Louisiana 7 th Texas 8 th Virginia 9 th North Carolina 10 th Tennessee 11 th Arkansas Confederate States of America What was the new government called? Confederate States of America Who was elected president? Jefferson Davis from Mississippi What were the capitals of the Confederacy? Montgomery, AL then Richmond, VA How was the Confederate government different than the U. S. government? States rights & slavery protected; presidents term 6 yrs. WAR Where was the first shot fired? Fort Sumter, SC Why were the odds stacked against the South? The North had more resources, industry, railroads, and a larger population. How could the North win? They had to invade & conquer the South. What part did the Mississippi River play in the war? North could split the Confederacy & cut off western supply routes Battle of Shiloh Give the basic statistics of the Battle of Shiloh near Corinth, Mississippi Union/Confederate killed 16,420 wounded 3844 captured or missing What impression was made with the Battle of Shiloh? It would be a bloody war; frightened soldiers; made them more determined to finish it. With the fall of what two large cities did freedom to travel the Mississippi River come? Memphis & New Orleans Describe Farraguts attempt to get by Vicksburg in June, Came from New Orleans - past Vicksburg landed troops in Louisiana wanted to build a canal couldnt because MS River level was too low went back to New Orleans Describe the battle around Corinth in September of Gen. Price (CSA) chased Union to Corinth Union attacked Confederates retreated to Ripley joined with Gen. Van Dorn Port Gibson attacked Corinth Van Dorn retreated to Holly Springs How long was the Arkansas of use to the Confederacy? Why? 23 days; continued engine failures; eventually destroyed by the crew to keep from the Union Battle of Vicksburg What happened to Grants attempt to get to Jackson in October of 1862? Grant (USA) had to return to TN because Gen. Forrest (CSA) cut supply lines in TN & Gen. Van Dorn (CSA) destroyed Holly Springs Describe the steps Grant and Sherman used to finally get Vicksburg. Surrounded Vicksburg Enacted a siege to cut off Vicksburg from supplies & reinforcements What happened to the people of Vicksburg as a result of the siege? People had to live in caves; ate mules, rats, or anything else they could find Why was Meridian a good target for Gen. Sherman in 1864? Strategically junction of 2 railroads What happened to this Union campaign? Sherman (US) captured & destroyed rail facilities War Ends When was the war officially over? April 1865 How many Mississippians died? (MS lost the greatest percentage of men in the war.) 27,000 Economic Costs Northern wealth increased by 50%. Spent $1.3 billion on war. South lost 60% of wealth. Railroads & industry destroyed. 40% of livestock and cattle killed. Spent over $2 billion on war. Effects on Civilians Women Worked outside the home. Some disguised themselves as soldiers & fought in war. Over 4 million slaves freed. 13 th Amendment abolished slavery but gave no rights. Children Many lost parents. Some served as drummers, musicians, or soldiers in the war. Human Costs 600,000 dead Approximately 500,000 wounded South 800,000 fought 450,000 casualties (dead + wounded) North 2.2 million fought 640,000 casualties Soldiers After the War Many had the opportunity to travel for the first time. Joined veterans organizations Psychological scars from war Former black soldiers demanded FULL citizenship rights including voting rights.