Chapter 2

PopulationKey Issue 2

Key Issue 2Where has the World’s Population Increased?

Population increases QUICKLY in places where…. More people are born than die

Population increases SLOWLY in places where…. Number of births exceed number of

deaths by small margin Population decreases in places where…

deaths outnumber births

Natural Increase Geographers use 3 measures to

examine population change

CBR: total number of live births in a year for every 1000 alive in society

CDR: total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 alive in society

Natural Increase NIR: Percentage by which population

grows in a year. Convert CBR & CDR into percentages

CBR of 20 = 2%, CDR of 5 is 0.5% Subract CDR from CBR 2% - 0.5% = ______%

1.5% NIR

Natural Increase 2000-2010: World NIR was 1.2 Current population is over 7billion What will the population be in 2 years?

Natural Increase

Small percentage makes HUGE difference

2006 population: 6.6 billion x 1.2 NIR = 80 million people

(about 1/4 of US pop)

NIR affects doubling time = amount of time it takes to double a population

At current NIR rate of 1.2, global population will reach 24 billion by 2100

Natural Increase Almost 100% of increased population is

in LDCs: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Mid East

Exceeds 2% in most LDCs 0% growth in Europe (negative #)

Natural Population is declining (does NOT include migration)

NIR in LDCs

Natural Increase Most of world’s additional people live in

countries that CANNOT support them

Fertility Highest CBRs are in sub-Saharan Africa

(40), lowest in Europe (10) TFR: total fertility rate measures

average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing age (15-49) Predicts future behavior

TFR in Sub-Saharan Africa = 6+ TFR in Europe = >2

Total Fertility Rate

Mortality In addition to CDR, IMR and life

expectancy are used to measure mortality

IMR: annual number of deaths of infants under 1yrs old, compared to live births

Highest IMR in sub-Saharan Africa, lowest in W.Europe

Infant Mortality Rate IMR exceeds 100 in Africa

10% of babies die before 1st bday Reflects a country’s health-care system

Low IMRs have well-trained Drs, modern hospitals, medicine

Why does US have higher IMR than Canada & Europe???? Minorities & poverty often cannot afford

good healthcare

Life Expectancy Measures average number of years a

newborn infant can expect to live More favorable in wealthy countries (W

Europe), lower in poor countries (Africa) Western Europe = 70s Sub-Saharan Africa = 40s

MDCs vs LDCs Natural Increase Rate Crude Birth Rate Total Fertility Infant Mortality Life Expectancy

ALL follow similar trends!!!!MDCs vs LDS

Crude Death Rate Does not follow familiar pattern Which has higher CDR?

US or Mexico? Denmark or Mongolia?

Populations are at different states in the Demographic Transition (Key Issue 3)

Key Issue 2 Summary Virtually all the world’s natural increase is

concentrated in the relatively poor countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In contrast, most European and North American countries now have low population growth rates and some are experiencing population declines. The difference in natural increase between MDCs and LDCs is attributable to differences in CBRs rather than in CDRs

What is crude birth rate? Total number of live births in a year for

every 1,000 people

With a partner… Analyze each map in Key Issue 2 Each of you comes up with a question

comparing the data. Ask each other your questions to be

answered

What is crude death rate? Total number of deaths in a year for

every 1,000 people alive in the society

What is NIR? The percentage by which a population

grows in a year (subtract CDR from CBR)

What is the NIR today? 1.2 for the first decade of the 21st

century

When did global NIR peak? 1963 with a peak of 2.2%

About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year?

About 80 million people

Define doubling time Number of years needed to double a

population (assuming a constant rate of natural

increase)

In what world regions is most growth occurring? Clustered in LDCs Africa, Asia, Latin America & the Middle

East NIR exceeds 2% Negative NIR in Europe

Define total fertility rate The average number of children a

woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly ages 15 to 49)

Define infant mortality rate The annual number of deaths of infants

under 1 year of age compared with total live births

Define life expectancy Measures the average number of years

a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels