CHAPTER 19CHAPTER 19POSTWAR AMERICAPOSTWAR AMERICA

Section 1Section 1

THE EISENHOWER THE EISENHOWER ERAERA

Look up and define:Look up and define:

John Foster DullesJohn Foster Dulles

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship

Massive retaliationMassive retaliation

CIACIA

Nikita KhruschevNikita Khruschev

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

SEATOSEATO

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine

COLD WAR HOTSPOTSCOLD WAR HOTSPOTS May 1, 1960 the U.S sent a U-2 May 1, 1960 the U.S sent a U-2

aircraft into Soviet airspace to aircraft into Soviet airspace to inspect their military facilities.inspect their military facilities.

The Soviets shot down pilot Gary The Soviets shot down pilot Gary Francis Powers and he was captured.Francis Powers and he was captured.

Powers was freed in 1962 in Powers was freed in 1962 in exchange for the U.S. release of a exchange for the U.S. release of a captured Soviet spy.captured Soviet spy.

The incident greatly damaged U.S.-The incident greatly damaged U.S.-Soviet relations.Soviet relations.

VIETNAMVIETNAM

In 1954 France lost a bloody In 1954 France lost a bloody struggle to keep control of its struggle to keep control of its Southeast Asian colony in Vietnam.Southeast Asian colony in Vietnam.

In the battle of Dien Bien Phu the In the battle of Dien Bien Phu the French saw they could not win in French saw they could not win in Vietnam and left.Vietnam and left.

Many of the rebels there were Many of the rebels there were communists.communists.

An agreement was reached to An agreement was reached to divide Vietnam into north and divide Vietnam into north and south.south.

The north was under the control The north was under the control of communist leader Ho Chi Minh.of communist leader Ho Chi Minh.

The division was to be temporary The division was to be temporary and an election was to take place and an election was to take place in 1956.in 1956.

Eisenhower did not want the Eisenhower did not want the elections since he felt that the elections since he felt that the communists might win.communists might win.

He called his policy in He called his policy in southeast Asia thesoutheast Asia theDOMINO DOMINO THEORY: THEORY: You have a row of You have a row of dominoes set up, you kick dominoes set up, you kick over the first one, and what over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go the certainty that it will go over very quickly.over very quickly.

SEATOSEATO

This organization was formed to This organization was formed to address the threat of communism address the threat of communism in Asia.in Asia.

Its members included Australia, Its members included Australia, Great Britain, France, New Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and the U.S.Thailand and the U.S.

SEATO was AsiaSEATO was Asia’’s version of NATO.s version of NATO.

MIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EAST

Conflict in the middle East was Conflict in the middle East was between Arabs and Jews.between Arabs and Jews.

In 1948 Israel declared its In 1948 Israel declared its independence and was formed.independence and was formed.

IsraelIsrael’’s neighbors Egypt, Syria, s neighbors Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq immediately attacked Israel.immediately attacked Israel.

In 1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser In 1954 Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes the leader of Egypt.becomes the leader of Egypt.

He wants to destroy Israel and He wants to destroy Israel and Egypt the leader of this movement.Egypt the leader of this movement.

He was willing to seek the support He was willing to seek the support of the Soviet Union.of the Soviet Union.

In 1956 the U.S. withdrew its help In 1956 the U.S. withdrew its help to Egypt in building the Aswan to Egypt in building the Aswan Dam and the Soviets complied.Dam and the Soviets complied.

In response to the U.S. Nassser In response to the U.S. Nassser seized control of the Suez Canal.seized control of the Suez Canal.

In response Israel launched a In response Israel launched a military attack on Egypt.military attack on Egypt.

England and France sent England and France sent their troops to take control of their troops to take control of the canal and Russia the canal and Russia threatened to enter on the threatened to enter on the side of Egypt.side of Egypt.

Could this lead to a world Could this lead to a world war?war?

The crisis ended when Eisenhower The crisis ended when Eisenhower insisted that the invaders leave insisted that the invaders leave Egypt.Egypt.

The incident demonstrated the The incident demonstrated the leadership the U.S. had over its leadership the U.S. had over its European allies.European allies.

In January, 1957 President In January, 1957 President Eisenhower issuedEisenhower issued THE THE EISENHOWER DOCTRINE.EISENHOWER DOCTRINE.

This declared the right of the U.S. to This declared the right of the U.S. to help, on request, any nation in the help, on request, any nation in the Middle East trying to resist Middle East trying to resist Communist aggression.Communist aggression.

Part IIPart II

ATOMIC ATOMIC ANXIETYANXIETY

I have a surprise I have a surprise if youif you’’re good!re good!

It will show what atomic It will show what atomic anxiety was all about!anxiety was all about!