Chapter 17 – TherapyFinal Exam Review

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (Cont’d)

Only 20% of norepinephrine is released from the adrenal glands, while the other 80% is released from terminal fibers (neuron ends) throughout the entire body

Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques?

25%

25%

25%

25%a) Counterconditioning

b) Systematic desensitization

c) Stress inoculation training

d) The token economy

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30

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

EM

DR

Clie

nt-cen

tred th

erap

y

Cogni

tive

ther

apy

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

y

25% 25%25%25%a) EMDR

b) Client-centred therapy

c) Cognitive therapy

d) Behaviour therapy

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30

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or:

25%

25%

25%

25%a) Dopamine

b) Lithium

c) Norepinephrine

d) acetylcholine

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30

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of?

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Schizophrenia

b) Depression

c) Personality disorders

d) Anxiety disorders

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Which of the following is the mood-stabilizing drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?

Ativ

an

Chlo

prom

azin

e

Xan

ax

Lith

ium

25% 25%25%25%a) Ativan

b) Chlopromazine

c) Xanax

d) Lithium

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30

During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly

embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of:

Tra

nsfer

ence

Insi

ght

Men

tal r

epre

ssio

n

Res

ista

nce

25% 25%25%25%

a) Transference

b) Insight

c) Mental repression

d) Resistance

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Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behaviour and an

unpleasant experience is known as:

Ave

rsiv

e co

nditioni

ng

Sys

tem

atic

des

ensi

ti...

Tra

nsfer

ence

Ele

ctro

convu

lsiv

e th

...

25% 25%25%25%a) Aversive conditioning

b) Systematic desensitization

c) Transference

d) Electroconvulsive therapy

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Carl Rogers was a ______ therapist who was the creator of _____.

25%

25%

25%

25%a) Behaviour; systematic desensitization

b) Psychoanalytic; insight therapy

c) Humanistic; client-centred therapy

d) Cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

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30

The technique in which a persona is asked to report everything that comes to his or her

mind is called ______; it is favoured by

____therapists.

Act

ive

liste

ning;

cogn.

..

Spont

aneo

us re

mis

s...

Fre

e as

soci

atio

n; p

s...

Sys

tem

atic

des

ensi

tiz...

25% 25%25%25%

a) Active listening; cognitiveb) Spontaneous remission;

humanisticc) Free association;

psychoanalyticd) Systematic

desensitization; behaviour

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30

During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane’s behaviour in terms of a ____ of her feelings toward her

father.

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Projection

b) Resistance

c) Regression

d) Transference

0

0

30

Given that Jim’s therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy,

she is probably practicing:

Psy

choa

nalys

is

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

y

Cogni

tive

ther

apy

Clie

nt-cen

tred th

erap

y

25% 25%25%25%a) Psychoanalysis

b) Behaviour therapy

c) Cognitive therapy

d) Client-centred therapy

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30

Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature?

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Psychoanalysis

b) Humanistic therapy

c) Behaviour therapy

d) Cognitive therapy

0

0

30

Which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis?

It e

mpha

size

s th

e ex

i...

It p

rovi

des

inte

rpre

ta...

It is

gen

eral

ly a

ver

y ...

It g

ives

ther

apis

ts to

...

25% 25%25%25%

a) It emphasizes the existence of repressed memories

b) It provides interpretations that are hard to disprove

c) It is generally a very expensive process

d) It gives therapists too much control over patients

0

30

Which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others?

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Cognitive therapy

b) Family therapy

c) Self-help group

d) Support group

0

0

30

Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual

therapies?

They

tend to

take

les.

..

They

tend to

cos

t le.

.

They

are

more

effe

ctiv

e

They

allo

w the

clie

nt ..

25% 25%25%25%a) They tend to take less time for the therapist

b) They tend to cost less money for the client

c) They are more effective

d) They allow the client to test new behaviours in a social context0

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Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Psychosurgery

b) Electroconvulsive therapy

c) Drug therapy

d) Counterconditioning

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Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual’s inherent potential for self-

fulfillment?

25%

25%

25%

25%

a) Behaviour therapy

b) Psychoanalysis

c) Humanistic therapy

d) Biomedical therapy0of30

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients’ perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found?

Clie

nts’ p

erce

ptions

a..

Whe

reas

clie

nts’ p

erc.

..

Whe

reas

stu

dies

affir

...

Clie

nts’ p

erce

ptions

...

25% 25%25%25%

a) Clients’ perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy

b) Whereas clients’ perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results

c) Whereas studies affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress

d) Clients’ perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy

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Although Moniz won the Nobel prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not

widely used today because:

25%

25%

25%

25%

0

0

30

a) It produces a lethargic, immature personality

b) It is irreversible

c) Calming drugs became available in the 1950s

d) All of the above reasons

The results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that:

No s

ingl

e ty

pe of t

he...

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

ies

a..

Cogni

tive

ther

apie

s a.

.

All

of the

above

are

true

25% 25%25%25%a) No single type of therapy is considered superior

b) Behaviour therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias

c) Cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions

d) All of the above are true

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30

To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into his face each time he inhaled.

Which technique is the therapist using?

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Exposure therapy

b) Behaviour modification

c) Systematic desensitization

d) Aversive conditioning

0

0

30

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of

anxiety-arousing situations?

25%

25%

25%

25%

a) Cognitive therapy

b) Aversive conditioning

c) Counterconditioning

d) Systematic desensitization0of30

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive

symptoms are:

A re

flect

ion

of irra

tion.

.

Condi

tioned

resp

onses

Exp

ress

ions

of unfu

lf...

All

of the

above

25% 25%25%25%a) A reflection of irrational thinking

b) Conditioned responses

c) Expressions of unfulfilled wishes

d) All of the above

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30

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by locking the receptor sites for:

25%

25%

25%

25%a) Dopamine

b) Epinephrine

c) Norepinephrine

d) Seratonin 0

0

30

Psychologists who advocate a _____ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be

prevented by changing the disturbed individual’s _____.

Bio

med

ical

; die

t

Fam

ily; b

ehav

iour

Hum

anis

tic; f

eelin

gs

Pre

ventiv

e; e

nviro

nmen

t

25% 25%25%25%

a) Biomedical; diet

b) Family; behaviour

c) Humanistic; feelings

d) Preventive; environment

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An eclectic psychotherapist is one who:

Tak

es a

nondi

rect

ive.

..

Vie

ws

psych

ologic

al ..

.

Use

s one

partic

ular t

...

Use

s a

varie

ty o

f tec

...

25% 25%25%25%

a) Takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems

b) Views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as biological abnormality

c) Uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders

d) Uses a variety of techniques, depending on the problem and the client

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30

The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviours are rewarded with points or

poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called:

Count

erco

nditionin

g

Sys

tem

atic

des

ensi

ti...

A to

ken e

conom

y

Exp

osure

ther

apy

25% 25%25%25%a) Counterconditioning

b) Systematic desensitization

c) A token economy

d) Exposure therapy

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30

The techniques of counterconditioning are based on principles of:

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Observational learning

b) Classical conditioning

c) Operant conditioning

d) Behaviour modification

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Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most

likely a:

Clin

ical

psy

cholo

gist

Psy

chia

trist

Psy

chia

tric

soci

al w

o...

Clin

ical

soc

ial w

orker

25% 25%25%25%

a) Clinical psychologist

b) Psychiatrist

c) Psychiatric social worker

d) Clinical social worker

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30

Light-exposure therapy has proven useful as a form for people suffering from:

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Bulimia

b) Seasonal affective disorder

c) Schizophrenia

d) Dissociative identity disorder

0

0

30

One variety of ______ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often

attribute failures to ______.

25%

25%

25%

25%a) Humanistic; themselves

b) Behaviour; external circumstances

c) Cognitive; external circumstances

d) Cognitive; themselves

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A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You should tell your relative that:

Psy

chot

hera

py does

...

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

y is

...

Cogni

tive

ther

apy

is t.

.

No o

ne ty

pe of t

herap

...

25% 25%25%25%a) Psychotherapy does not work

b) Behaviour therapy is the most effective

c) Cognitive therapy is the most effective

d) No one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

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30

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective

manner is called:

25%

25%

25%

25%

a) Active listening

b) Free association

c) Systematic desensitization

d) Meta-analysis0of30

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviours rather than on discovering

their underlying causes?

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

y

Cogni

tive

ther

apy

Hum

anis

tic th

erap

y

Psy

choa

nalys

is

25% 25%25%25%a) Behaviour therapy

b) Cognitive therapy

c) Humanistic therapy

d) Psychoanalysis

0

30

In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane’s therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering

stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane’s therapist is using the technique

called:

Sys

tem

atic

des

ensi

ti...

Ave

rsiv

e co

nditioni

ng

Shap

ing

Fre

e as

soci

atio

n

25% 25%25%25%a) Systematic desensitization

b) Aversive conditioning

c) Shaping

d) Free association0of30

In an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know

whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the ______ technique.

Met

a-an

alys

is

With

in-s

ubject

s

Doubl

e-blin

d

Sin

gle-b

lind

25% 25%25%25%a) Meta-analysis

b) Within-subjects

c) Double-blind

d) Single-blind

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30

Unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy:

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems

b) Offers interpretations of patients’ feelings

c) Focuses on current relationships

d) Does all of the above

0

0

30

Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is:

The

offer o

f a th

erap

e...

The

expec

tatio

n am

o..

The

chan

ce to

dev

elop..

All

of the

above

25% 25%25%25%a) The offer of a therapeutic relationship

b) The expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful

c) The chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world

d) All of the above

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30

Linda’s doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is

being treated with an __________ drug.

25%

25%

25%

25% a) Antipsychotic drug

b) Antianxiety

c) Antidepressant

d) Anticonvulsive

0

0

30

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behaviour rather than

gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota

has consulted a _____ therapist.

Beh

avio

ur

Hum

anis

tic

Cogni

tive

Psy

choa

nalyt

ic

25% 25%25%25%a) Behaviour

b) Humanistic

c) Cognitive

d) Psychoanalytic

0

30

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her

physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as television viewing, snacks, and

magazines. This is an example of the:

Psy

chod

ynam

ic th

er...

Beh

avio

ur th

erap

y t..

.

Cogni

tive

ther

apy

te...

Hum

anis

tic th

erap

y ...

25% 25%25%25%a) Psychodynamic therapy

technique called systematic desensitization

b) Behaviour therapy technique called token economy

c) Cognitive therapy technique called token economy

d) Humanistic therapy technique called systematic desensitization

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