CHAPTER 15

THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT(1890 - 1920)

Don’t worry about section 2 of this chapter

15.1 - THE ROOTS/ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

• What was Progressivism?– collection of ideas and

activities striving to improve various aspects of American society such as…•Working conditions•Women's’ rights• Children's’ rights• poverty

15.1 - THE ROOTS PROGRESSIVISM

• Who were the Progressives?– Unhappy with socioeconomic results of

industrialism and urbanization

– Belonged to both parties (Democrats and Republicans)

– Mostly urban, educated, middle-class

– Most thought gov’t should be more active and involved

– Gov’t itself needed fixing

– Strong faith in science and technology (similarities with today?)

MUCKRAKERS• Journalists, photographers who

investigated social conditions and political corruption

– Corporations, beef industry, political machines, poverty, dangerous working conditions• Show clip from 20th Century Turning Points in

U.S. History (14,000 miners go on strike - 3 mins)

• Show clip from The 20th Century: A Moving Visual History – The Worst of Times – 5 mins)

– They brought a lot of attention to problems people wanted fixed

– Show clip from 20th Century Turning Points in U.S. History (1906 – Upton Sinclair – 3 mins)

FAMOUS MUCKRAKERS

Jacob Riis- pictures

Upton Sinclair - video

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

REFORMING GOVERNMENT

Making gov’t more efficient

Direct Primary,

Initiative, Referendum,

Recall

Direct election of Senators

TAYLOR

SUFFRAGE(the right to vote)

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton calls for it in 1848– Early supporters were called immoral,

unfeminine….

• 14th and 15th Amendments– For African-Americans, not women

• National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)– Created in 1890 to push for women’s suffrage– 19th Amendment (1919/1920); finally gave

women the right to vote– Show clip from The 20th Century: A Moving Visual

History – The Struggle for Suffrage– 4 mins)

Carrie Chapman Catt

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

REFORMING SOCIETY

Child Labor Health &

Safety Codes

Prohibition

Big Business

REFORMING SOCIETY – POSTERSuse pages 526-527

1. TITLE – copy the read heading on page 526 or 527

2. Summarize (2-3 sentences) what had people upset about your issue/topic (give at least 1 specific example of an accident, crime…..)

3. Describe 1 person or group involved in trying to get changes made

4. Were any laws passed to deal with this issue? If yes, what were they and what did they do?

5. Include 2 pictures related to your topic and be prepared to explain what they are

15.2 – ROOSEVELT & TAFT

• Theodore Roosevelt (R)– President from 1901 – 1909– Took office after the

assassination of McKinley– FP – he was a Social

Darwinist– DP – he was a Progressive

(Square Deal)– He greatly increased the

role/power of the presidency

15.2 – ROOSEVELT & TAFT

• William Howard Taft (R)– President from 1909 – 1913– Pursued tariff reform,

continued conservation policies

– Policies angered many Progressives (sold Square Deal down the river?)

– Successes included going after monopolies, child labor reform

15.2 POSTERS

1. TR Takes on Trusts2. Coal Strike of 19023. Regulating Big Business4. Consumer Protection5. Conservation6. Roosevelt’s Legacy7. Payne-Aldrich Tariff8. Ballinger v. Pinchot9. Taft’s Achievements

PROHIBITION VIDEOS

• A nation of drunkards - 6mins

• Anti Saloon league – 8mins

• The Good Bootlegger – 6mins

• Beer Wars/Capone – 5mins

• Georgetown Bootlegging – 2mins

• Speakeasies

15.3 – WILSON YEARS• Election of 1912– Woodrow Wilson

• Democratic Party

– Theodore Roosevelt • Progressive Party

– William Taft• Republican Party

and current President

Wilson Roosevelt Taft

WILSON v. ROOSEVELET

WILSON• He was very critical of monopolies and

trusts; they should be destroyed and not regulated

• He believed Roosevelt would give the federal government too much power

• New Freedom – the name of his program/plan to govern

ROOSEVELT• He accepted the existence of large

trusts/monopolies but wanted to regulate them more

• Wanted legislation to protect women and children

• Supported worker’s compensation

• New Nationalism – the name of his program/plan to govern

ELECTION OF 1912

• Republican voters were split between Roosevelt and Taft (why?)

• Wilson won the election with 435 electoral votes but only 42% of the popular vote– How is this possible? – see the map

on page 537

WILSON’S REFORMS

TARIFFS

• Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 – Reduced tariffs by 30% on imported goods– Allowed for an income tax (16th Amendment)

• Show clip from 20th Century Turning Points in U.S. History (16th Amendment allows… - 3 mins)

• Tariff - a tax on an imported good

• Why did Wilson think lowering tariffs was a good idea?

WILSON’S REFORMS

BANKS• Banks sometimes closed/collapsed and

people lost their money; Wilson wanted to restore people’s confidence in banks

• Federal Reserve Act of 1913– Created 12 regional banks to be supervised

by a Board of Governors– Allowed for a more secure banking system– Incredibly important piece of legislation!!!!!– See page 538 for important information

about the Federal Reserve (Fed)

WILSON’S REFORMSANTITRUST ACTION

• What is a trust?

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC)– Given the power to investigate companies to limit

unfair practices by businesses– Created by Congress at Wilson’s request

• Clayton Antitrust Act– Outlawed certain business practices

• Retailers couldn’t be by a company to stop selling a competitor’s goods

• Price discrimination

– Passed by Congress because they didn’t think Wilson had done enough

WILSON’S REFORMS

REGULATING BUSINESS

• Keating-Own Child Labor Act– First federal law to regulate child

labor– Prohibited the employment of

children under 14 in certain factories

– Law was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court• Why was the law still important?

THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM

• Read page 541 and list 3 areas in which the Progressive movement “failed”