CHAPTER 1:MATTER AND CHANGE

Chemistry

Notes Pages 5-6

ELEMENTS

THE ORIGIN OF THE ELEMENTShttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.eiu.fusion/

Helps -

• Alchemist– Try to combine substances to get new, more

valuable substances– Turn lead into gold, etc.

• “You cannot get blood from a turnip” – No matter how hard you try, you can’t get

anything out of it.

Carl Sagan, Cosmos

• “The nitrogen in our DNA, the calcium in our teeth, the iron in our blood, the carbon in our apple pies were made in the interiors of collapsing stars. We are made of starstuff.”

Group: Vertical column (also called a family)• Elements with similar chemical propertiesPeriod: Horizontal row• Physical and chemical properties change

regularly across a period

Groups and Periods

METAL: an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Characteristics: • Shiny (metallic luster)• Most are solid at room temperature• Malleable (can be hammered or rolled into thin

sheets)• Ductile (can be drawn into wire)• Classifications – alkali metals, alkaline earth

metals, transition metals, other metals

Metals

Good Conductor

NONMETAL: an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity

Characteristics• Many are gases at room temperature (Ex: N, O, F,

Cl, etc.)• Many are solids at room temperature (Ex: C, P, Se,

S, I, etc.)• Solids are brittle (NOT malleable or ductile)• Classifications – halogens, noble gases, other

nonmetals

Nonmetals

Characteristics of Metals

• Noble Gases (Group 18)–Unreactive–All are gases at room temperature

METALLOID: an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

Characteristics• All are solid at room temperature• Less malleable than metals, but not as brittle

as nonmetals• Also known as semiconductors or semimetals

Metalloids

Periodic Tables

• Color these seven sections of the table (Remember to make a key so you know which is which): – Alkali Metals– Alkaline Earth Metals – Halogens– Noble Gases– Transition Metals– Non-Metals– Metalloids

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Transition Metals

Non-Metals

Metalloids