Chapter 1

Living Organisms

How are living things alike?

• All organisms are made of cells!

• An organism is a living thing made up of a cell or cells.

• Our bodies are made up of more than one trillion cells!

How does it work?

• Cells• Tissues• Organs• Systems

What is a life process?

• A life process is a function that living things must perform in order to stay alive.

• There are 6 life processes!• 1. Getting energy and nutrients.• 2. Using energy.• 3. Reproducing.• 4. Growing.• 5. Getting rid of wastes.• 6. Reacting to outside changes.

Getting energy and nutrients

• Nutrients are chemicals that living things need in order to stay alive!

• Different organisms get energy and nutrients in different ways.

Using energy

• The cells of organisms break down food material to release energy.

• Cells use this energy to do their work!

• If you cut yourself, blood cells will kill bacteria that may enter your body through your cut. The blood cells use energy to do their work!

Reproduce

• Reproduce is to make more of the same kind.

• Some single-celled organisms divide to reproduce.

• This keeps organisms alive!

Growing

• Cells use energy and nutrients to grow.

• One-celled organisms grow by dividing.

• Many-celled organisms grow by making new cells.

Getting rid of wastes

• As an organism’s cells do work, the cells make different kinds of waste.

• Some of these wastes are poison and need to be released in order to stay alive!

Reacting to outside changes

• Organisms need to react to the changes around them.

• This helps an organism stay alive and healthy!

Scientists use 3 features to classify…

1. Cell structure

2. How the organism gets energy and nutrients.

3. How the organism reproduces.

Plant vs. Animal Cells

5 Kingdoms

• Moneran• Protist• Fungus• Plant• Animal

Moneran Kingdom

• Take in nutrients from outside their bodies.

• Has no membrane around its nucleus.

• Examples: bacterium• Cause diseases but

also cure diseases• Can turn milk into

different kinds of cheese.

Protist Kingdom

• A protist is a one- or many-celled organism with a membrane around each nucleus.

• Protists use sunlight or eat food to get energy.

• All protists live in wet places.

• Example: seaweed

Fungus Kingdom

• Fungus is an organism that absorbs food from the surface it lives on.

• Examples: mold, mushrooms, yeast

Plant Kingdom

• Most plants grow in soil, but some grow in water, on rocks, and in other places.

• Most are green.• Reproduce with

seeds.• Make their own food.

Animal Kingdom

• Many-celled organisms

• Must eat other organisms to stay alive.

• Reproduce from eggs.

Dividing Kingdoms into Smaller Groups

• KINGDOM• GENUS (GENERAL)• SPECIES (SPECIFIC)

As each group gets smaller, the organisms have more in common!

Scientific Name

• A scientific name is a name made up of an organism’s genus and species name.

• Example: Panthera leo

Panthera = genus

Leo = species