THE CELL

The Cell Theory

1. All living organisms are made of cells.Protist cells

Skin cells

Bacteria cells

Plant cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function.

Red Blood Cells

Skin Cells

Nerve Cells

Their shape relates to their job!

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• Prokaryote- simple cell without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

• Ex.

• Archeabacteria

• Eubacteria

Two Types of Cells

• Eukaryote- complex cell with a well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles

• Ex. Plants and animals

Two Types of Cells

Present in all cells

1. Cell Membrane

Present in all cells

2. Cytoplasm

Present in all cells

3. Ribosome

4. DNA

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Animal Plant

Type of Cell Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Organelles and Cell Parts

NucleusCell MembraneCytoplasmGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaRibosomesVacuoleVesicles•Lysosome•Centrioles

NucleusCell MembraneCytoplasmGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaRibosomesVacuoleVesicles•Central Vacuole•Cell Wall•Chloroplast

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and exits the cell

The Organelles• Microfilaments & Microtubules

* Provide support, the cytoskeleton (movement of organelles.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell…acts like the brain or boss.Contains cell’s DNA

The Organelles• Nucleolus

* Produces ribosome

The Organelles• Endoplasmic Reticulum

* The cells transport system

The Organelles• Ribosomes (free and attached)

• Produce proteins

*Think Ribs……UMMM!

The Organelles• Golgi Body/Apparatus

* Packages proteins

Vesicles

• Transports things around the cell like a vehicle does for us.

The Organelles

• Mitochondria

* Cells energy producer (glucose ATP)

The Organelles

• Vacuole

* Stores water and water soluble materials.

The Organelles• Lysosome

* Contains strong digestive enzymes

The Organelles

• Centrioles

* Aid in moving chromosomes during cell division

Cell Wall

• Provides support and protection for the plant cell (RIGID)

The Organelles

• Chloroplast

* Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Cytoplasm• Jelly-like substance that holds

organelles in place. Cytosol.

LIMITS TO CELL SIZE

• Must maintain a workable surface area to volume ratio (the volume increases faster than the surface area)

• DNA can only “produce” a specific amount of protein

• Rate of intracellular diffusion is inversely proportional to cell volume

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

Cell Size Comparison on the internet