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Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1

Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

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Page 1: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Unit 1

ORGANISMSLesson 1

Page 2: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

ORGANISMS!!!!!!!

• ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS.

Page 3: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• BIOTIC: living things• ABIOTIC: non-living

things.• Levels of organization

is the way structures are organized, in several steps levels or groups.

Page 4: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

LEVELS OF BIOLOGIC ORGANIZATION

• Starting at the simplest level, atoms are organized into molecules, which are organized into cells. Cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into body systems, and body systems into individual multicellular organisms. A group of individuals of the same specie is a population. Populations of different species interact to form communities. A community and its abiotic environment form an ecosystem, while all communities of organisms on Earth make up biosphere.

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Page 5: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

ABIOTIC LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

• SUBATOMIC LEVEL• Made up by the

smallest particles of matter, neutrons, protons and electron.

• ATOMIC LEVEL• Made up by atoms,

the basic unit of matter.

• MOLECULAR LEVEL• Made up by

molecules resulting from the union of 2 or more atoms. Ex. H2O

Page 6: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

BIOTIC LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION

• CELULAR LEVEL• Consists on cells, the

basic unit of living-matter/life. A living thing form by only 1 cell is an unicelular organism.

• MULTICELULAR LEVEL• Group of 2 or more cells

gathered formed up multicelular organisms.

Page 7: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Biotic levels of organization

• Tissue, group of cells.

• Organ, group of tissues.

• System, group of organs.

• Organisms, group of systems.

Page 8: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Lesson 2 SUBLEVELS SUBLEVEL FORMED UP

BY EXAMPLE

Tissue cells Skin

Organ tissues Heart

System organs Respiratory system

Organisms systems A human being

Page 9: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

WHAT ARE ORGANISMS MADE OF?

Page 10: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

WATER AND SALTS• WATER H2O: carries out

chemical reactions.• In abscence: produces

deshydratation, kidney problems

• SALTS: minerals that take part during chemical reaction.

• In abscence: produces anemia, ostheoporocis, muscular faintness

Page 11: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

sugars

• They have an energetic function. Give energy formed at the metabolism process.

• It absences produces deabetes, weakness, faints, shocks, dizziness.

Page 12: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

PROTEINS• They are important

part of the cell structure.

• Accelerate metabolism, carry oxygen in blood, carry substances and antibodie against virus and bacterias.

• Absence:produces anemia, low defense

Page 13: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

LIPIDS• These are very

different substances, including oils, fats, cholesterol, etc.

• They keep the warmth of body and energy reserve.

• Absence: can produce cold hands and feet and also anemia.

Page 14: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• There are two kind of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. They are made up of many small molecules called nucleotides. Stores genetic information of a cell.

Page 15: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

What are the insides of cell like?

• There are types of cells:– Procaryotic: cells

where the nucleus isn´t separated from the rest of the cell.

– Eucaryotic: cells where the nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell.

• Some facts…

– Procaryotic cells do have DNA and RNA, but this genetic info is spread all through the cytoplasm. They are the simplest cells.

– Eucaryotics are complex cell made up by several comparments with different functions called organelles.

Page 16: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

EUCARYOTIC CELLS

• ANIMAL CELL • PLANT CELL

Both are Eucaryotic cells, but there are some small differences in their insides…

Page 17: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

ANIMAL CELLS•Nucleus

•Cellular Membrane

•Cytoplasm

•Ribosomes

•Endoplasmatic Reticulum

•Mitochondria

•Vacuoles

•Golgi Apparatus

Contains genetic info and controls functions of cell

Holds cell together, protect and controls what gets in or out of the cell

Liquid substance which gives cell its shape, contains dissolved matter.Made up by proteins, produce proteins.

Transport substances (Rough-proteins, Smooth-lipids) along the cell.

Energy is produced through chemical reactions (cellular respiration)

Store substances such as lipids and proteins.

Produces glucose and store bio-molecules.

Page 18: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

PLANT CELLS

Plant cells contain the organelles mentioned before for animal cell, however, plant cells also possess special organelles:

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

Protects the cell and provides rigidness

Responsible for the cell photosynthesis, that provides cell its own energy

There are others organelles which won’t be mentioned nor studied, but a fact to know is that the only organelle presented only on animal cell and not in plant cells is the Centrosome or Centriole.Now organelles sometimes present in both cells that are use for cell motion are flagella and cilia.

Page 19: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS
Page 20: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

What do cells do during their life span?

• During the either short or long life span of a cell, it passes through 3 processes.– Respiration or nutrition– Interaction– Cellular reproduction

Page 21: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Cellular respiration

• Through it cell obtain material and energy to survive and carry on the activities.– Aerobic: glucose +

oxygen energy+CO2+water

– Anaerobic: glucose energy + lactic acid

– Energy produced from anaerobic respiration is lower than from aerobic respiration.

Page 22: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Cellular interaction

• Cells interact with exterior and with each other.

• Whenever the exterior affects them through STIMULI the reactions traduced are RESPONSES. Responses are usually movements of the cell towards the stimulus (positive) or backwards (negative). This movements are called TAXIS.

• In order to move, cells use various mechanisms, which are movements by:– Cilia– Flagella– Amoeboid– contractions

Page 23: Unit 1 ORGANISMS Lesson 1. ORGANISMS!!!!!!! ALL THE LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP BY CELLS

Cellular reproduction

• The cellular method of reproduction is called MITOSIS, and consists on 5 phases gathered in a cycle:– Interphase – Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase– Telophase