Ch 11

The Triumphs and Trevails of the Jeffersonian Republic

Election of 1800

• 2 clear parties-Federalists-John Adams and the Democratic-Republicans-T. Jefferson

• Federalists=stability-order-strong central gov’t. vs.DR-agrarian purity,liberty and states’ rights

• Federalist and Republican mudslingers• Feds themselves are split-High federalsists which

is Hamilton’s group-advocates war with France-Adams takes cautious course and clears hurdle of war-but we are left with debt-and Adams’ Jack----

Election of 1800 cont.

• Unpopular taxes-(stamp tax) and heavy debt put Federalists on the defensive

• Resort to avoiding the issues and personally attacking the opponent

• TJ- robbed a widow of her trust fund and fathered numerous mullato children-bibles hidden?

• Read p.213

The Jeffersonian Revolution of 1800

• Results 73 TJ 65 JA

• Adams actually did better than 4 years before except for NY-Why did he lose NY?

• Tie for President-Why? How was it broken?

• Jefferson claimed the Election was a Revolution- was it? If so how was the Election of 1800 Revolutionary?

Responsibility Breeds Moderation

• First President inaugurated in DC• Inaugural speech placates both sides-’minority

possess their equal rights”• Rustic setting of DC fits model of TJ’s

presidency-• TJ learns quickly his philosophy of politics do not

mix well with the realities of politics• Patronage seekers are not rewarded-few die none

resign- remark tells us that formal political parties are still far off in future

Jeffersonian Restraint

• Alien and Sedition Acts expired on their own-violators are pardoned-fines remitted

• Naturalization Law of 1802-14 back to 5• Only Hamilton legacy he does away with was the

Excise tax. NOTHING else.• Tariffs-National Bank-Funding at Par-Assumption

of state debt. NOTHING• In fact-as years go by-DR’s-make a stronger

National Bank and increase!! Tariffs• Jefferson’s restraint solidifies two party system

‘Dead Clutch’ of the Judiciary

• Judiciary Act of 1801-’midnight judges• Neede reform, bad timing-packing the

courts was a reality• DR’s asserted the will of the people had

been usurped-• James Madison-TJ’s new Sec. Of State

intervenes and shelves appointment of the new Justice of Peace for DC

Marbury V Madsion

• Judiciary Act 1801-Midnight judges• Marbury not given appt.-Madison as Sec.

Of State is supposed to deliver• Suit contends that it is Supreme Courts task

to force Madison to deliver-Marshall’s ruling- Marshall by the way is amazing

• Judiciary Act 1789 declared unconstitutional

Impeachment

• Samuel Chase indicted for high crimes and misdemeanors- he was abusive verbally and generally uncouth and against TJ’s policies

• BUT he did not commit a crime. The attempted removal would establish a very bad precedent

A Reluctant Warrior

• “PEACEFUL COERCION” instead of violence-army reduced 2500

• Navy not as feared-they can’t march inland to take away liberty-but spending pared back-presence was thought to provoke-instead smaller intercoastal gun boats made

• These would ply our coastal waters and not provoke other nations

• Pirates test Jefferson’s resolve

Shores of Tripoli

• Pasha of Tripoli- cut down American Consulate flag pole- he was last in line and left with the crumbs.

• Ransoming sailors• 1805-Treaty-60,000$-bargain• Jefferson was pleased with the use of small

gun boats- this is when he commisioned the construction of 200- + -’s

The Louisiana God Send

• 1800-Napoleon signed secret agreement with the King of Spain for the transfer of Louisiana Territory

• Envoys told offer 10 mil for NO

• Events change rapidly-15 mil for all!!!!

• Strict v Loose constructionist

The Louisiana God Send

Louisiana in the Long View

• Lewis and Clark set out-Spring1804-Fall1806

• Political/Geography/Natural sciences/resources

Aaron Burr Conspiracies

• LP was great in long run, in short term-tough to control

• Buur and his duel-NY Gov./secessionist?

• Gen. Wilkinson and the plot to sever west

• Wilkinson rats him out-acquitted by Marshall

America-A Nutcrackered Neutral

• TJ -reelected 162-14• 1804-1805-neutral carrier making big profit• Battles of Trafalgar(sea) and Austerlitz • Results- we are now caught in the middle• 1806-ORDERS IN COUNCIL-if you are

not with us you are against us-impressment• 1807-Chesapeake-provokes us-TJ’s

response-PEACEFUL COERCION

The Hated Embargo

• The warring nations of Europe depended on our natural resources- we will deny them our trade and selfimpose an embargo-

• Results? Mixed-noble yes-ignorant yes-effective NO!!!

• Read the section-

• One benefit-boost to domestic production