Ceragon radio

7/17/2019 Ceragon radio

1/415

Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com

or contact us at [email protected]

Trainee Name:

IP-10G Advanced Course


2/415

1 Ceragon Training Agenda v2.2

Ceragon Training Agenda

Product: IP-10 G + NMS

Course: Extended Operation and Maintenance

Duration:5 days (Theory + Practice)

DAY ONE

Greetings and Course Opening

Introduction to MW Radio

Introduction to 802.1p/q VLAN Tagging

Introduction to CFM

IP-10 G-Series Nodal Solution Introduction

Introduction to ODU

Introduction to Adaptive Code Modulation and MRMC scripts

Physical Overview


3/415



DAY TWO

System Architecture & Design:

Front Panel Overview

Standalone VS. Shelf

IP allocation in a shelf

Management Modes (In Band, OOB, WSC)

Switch Mode (Pipe, Managed, Metro)

Protection Mode

Installation (Practical Exercise using the Element Management System):

Standalone guidelines

Installing IDU in a shelf

Protection mode (Main and Extensions)

Setting IP address via CLI

Setting up a radio link (frequency, Link ID, RSL, TSL, ATPC, MSE, MRMC, ASP)

Setting MNG in a standalone IDU

Setting MNG in a shelf

Setting MNG using Wayside Channel

Troubleshooting Tools & Maintenance:

Using the Current Alarms

Using the Event Log

Using RMON Registers and Statistics

Performing Loopbacks

Saving Unit Information Files

Configuration File Upload / Download

Software File Download

Licensing (retrieving license and installing license on IDU)


4/415



DAY THREE

Introduction to RSTP & Ring Topology

RSTP RING (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

Setting up an RSTP Ring

Demonstrating RSTP Protection on Trails

Demonstrating RSTP Protection on In Band Management

Simple Star Topology + RSTP (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

Shelf Configuration

SDH Trail XC Configuration

TDM Trail XC Configuration

Star Topology + In Band +Protection (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

Enabling Protection Mode

SDH Trail XC Configuration

TDM Trail XC Configuration

Trail Prioritization (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

(We shall use the same setup as in previous exercise)

Setting Trail Priority

Demonstrating Trail Prioritization with ACM and variable attenuator


5/415



DAY FOUR

Introduction to Quality of Service:

What is QoS?

What is a Scheduler?

What is Rate Limiting?

What is Queuing?

How do we map ATM / MPLS to ETH ?

Quality of Service (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

Creating preliminary tables for classifiers & policers

Assigning Policers

Assigning Classifiers

Assigning a Scheduler

Quality of Service (Practical Exercise using the EMS):

QoS demonstration using Video Streaming (VLC)

QoS demonstration using Traffic Generator/Analyzer (when relevant)

DAY FIVE

Topology Configuration:

Adding Elements

Auto-Discovery

Adding Maps

Administration

Log Analysis and Filtering

System Configuration

Dynamic Poling

Static Poling

Configuration Broadcast

Configuration File Download Software Download

FTP

Mail Server

Northbound

End to End Trap Configuration

Exam / Course Summary


6/415

6/9/2010

1

Ceragon - Company Presentation

1

June 2010

Leaders in High-Capacity Wireless Backhaul

Ceragon Networks

Incorporation: 1996

Personnel: 500 Revenues in 2009: $184M NASDAQ: CRNT

Proprietary and Confidential2

Page 1


7/415

6/9/2010

2

Global Sales(Reflecting FY2009 results)

EMEA: 38%

NA: 16%

CALA: 9%

APAC: 37%

Proprietary and Confidential

Success factors:

Superior technology and professional services offering Better cost positi on Global Sales footprint with 19 offices worldwi de Strong partnerships with OEMs, distributors and VARs

3

Segment Breakdown H1 2009

Service

Providers

87%

Private

Networks

13%

Short Haul Links: Rapid Growth

6.3%6.0%

7.0%

CeragonMarketShare

26698

35000

507249

617427

554189550000

650000

30000

35000

TotalShortHaulvs.Ceragon Total

Links

Ceragon

Links

0.8%

2.1%

2.6%

4.3%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2380

8132

13175

300509

387020

50000

50000

150000

250000

350000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

PTPRadioShipmentsTotalShortHaulNextGenerationHybridTDM/Packet&Ceragonlinksshipments


From 0.8% market share in 2005 to 6.3% market share in 2009 4,800 links to 35,000

Grew in 2009 in shipments terms by 30% Global short haul shipment dropped by 11%.

LegacyTDM

Totalshorthaulmarket

Source: SLR, EJL, Ceragon

Totalmarket

Growthdrivers:

HighcapacityAllIP

Page 2


8/415

6/9/2010

3

Where We Play

LTE-Ready Mobile Backhaul

Mobile O erators

Rural and WiMAX Backhaul

Alternative Carriers Mobile Operators

Backhaul Providers


Private Networks

Enterprise Networks Governments: Local and State Utilities

Mobile Backhaul WiMAX Backhaul

We Focus on BackhaulHigh Capacity LTE/4G-Ready Wireless Backhaul Networks

Rural BroadbandPrivate, Utility, State &

Local Government


Access Backhaul / Metro CoreAny access technology: Wire line or wireless, GSM, CDMA, HSPA, LTE or WiMAX

Any service: Voice, data, personal broadband

Page 3


9/415

6/9/2010

4

Strategic Partnerships for Growth

Opportunity to participate in large network deployments

Target Tier 1 carriers

Geographical spread

Maximize complete solution offering

OEM Solution reselling Per project Vertical reselling


OEM 2

OEM 3

Global, Diversif ied Customer Base

Service

Providers


Over 200 Service Provider and hund reds of Pri vate Networks in more than 130 Countri es:*

Private Networks

WiMAX Carriers

Page 4


10/415

6/9/2010

5

Capacity optimisation

Ceragon Product Portfol io

BackboneAgg regated linksFirst Mile

Aggregation

Cost Efficiency

Access


FibeAir Trunk

SDH

OC-3 Aggregation (N+1)

N x GbEAggregation

PDH & Ethernet Access

SDH Aggregation

Metro IP Migration

GbE rings

PDH/SONET & Ethernet SONET& Ethernet Trunk (Long Haul, High Power)

FibeAir IP-10 G

9

Comprehensive mounting Portfolio

FibeAir Family

SplitMount FullOutdoorAllIndoorCompactandmodular FulloutdoorNodalsite,

CarrierEthernet/

Native2Trunk

TDM

IP10

CarrierEthernet/ Native2

TDM

1500R

From1+0/1+1toN+1/N+0Trunk solutions

IP10

Allindoor solutions N+0toN+N,fullyredundant,

AllRFunitsapplicable


3200T

IP10

CarrierEthernet/ Native2

Page 5


11/415

6/9/2010

6

PolyView:

Network Management System for Wireless Backhaul Networks

Reduced operational costsEnd-to-end provisioning, Groupconfiguration

Faster & easier networkmaintenanceNetwork View, User-friendly GUI

Quick and easy networktroubleshootingComprehensive FCAPS support,easier root analysis

Greater network availabilityComplete redundancy & backupfunctionality

Smooth platform integration


Ceragon's Architecture Management Concept

Field proven, interoperable, multi-platform

Ceragon Complete Offering

Plan : Network design, Service design, Radio

Design, Synchronization design, Power

Consumption, Rack Layout, Project

deployment plan

Build: Project Management, Site Survey,

Installation and Commission ing,Documentation - As Built Site folder

Operate : Full Training Program, Expert on Site

throughout initial operation, Managed


Services - Take part in Network operation

Maintain: Remote Technical Sup port 24/7, S/W Repair,

H/W Repair , Advanced Replacements, Stock

Management, On Site Support, S/W Updates,

Review and Preventive Activities

Page 6


12/415

6/9/2010

7

Why Ceragon

Company:

Market leadership in mig ration of radio to packet Widely deployed with top 3 position in high capacity radios Global reach and breadth of port folio Culture of innovation Financially sound

Products:

Risk free migration path from TDM to Ethernet


True packet microwave, MEF certified Integrated networking functions, TDM and Ethernet Highest possible capacities Exceptional system gain and spectral efficiency

13

Mobile Backhaul Case Studies

14

Page 7


13/415

6/9/2010

8

Tata Indicom:14K Links serving access and aggregation. All IP ready


Installing 700 links a month, from planning to commissioning

8 planners, 13 engineers, 14 project managers/directors

Telcel:2600+ links migration to packet with LTE in mind

Optimize :Tree to Rings


helpingTelceltooptimizetheradioportionofthenetwork:

Design,install.Maintain.HugeSDHinstallbase

Page 8


14/415

6/9/2010

9

Digitel:1350+ links Delivering high capacity, anywhere.


Converged, 3G and Rural Broadband IP backhaul

All indoor and spli t t runks

Rogers :850 Links long haul Enable 3G in rural

FibeAir IP-10

BTS/NBEthernet

TDMA

A

BSC/RNC

FibeAir IP-10

FibeAir IP-10

BTS/NB

FibeAir IP-10

BTS/NB

BSC/RNC

FibeAir IP-10

A

B

B

Ceragon

packet/Hybrid

MW Network set

in a physical

For network simplicity


5 layers of protection to sustain high capacity mob ile

broadband services in remote locations

FibeAir IP-10

BTS/NB B,

being abstracted

ignoring transport, PW

and locations

Page 9


15/415

6/9/2010

10

Long haul Case Studies

19

SDH & IP Trunk Backbone for Mobile and ISP

Converged Migration (Philippines)

Challenge: Build a mix SDH and high

capacity

Solutions Mix of all indoor and split TDM +

Ethernet 1+1

Why Trunk? 7+0 4STM-1 and 3 GbE Advanced Carrier Ethernet

features

2GBTS

63 E1TDM

2GBSC

3GRNC

STM-1

STM-1c

PDHMicrowav

e

ECIXDM-100

Ceragon

FibeAir

Cerago

nFibeAir

n x E1TDM

2Gn x E1TDM

ECIXDM-1000

nxSTM-1

nx STM-1

Rings

3GNode B PDH

Microwave

E1

IP MAX2

EthernetHuawei

Ethernet

Ceragon

FibeAir


Both interfaces use the sameradio equipment. Smoothmigration from all TDM to allpacket

Both type operate concurrentlyon the same antenna and radiobranching - Native2

20

CeragonFibeAir

Ceragon

FibeAir

Ethernet

2xGbE

2xGbE

Ethernet+

1*E1

Page 10


16/415

6/9/2010

11

Full IP Backbone for an ISP (Uruguay)

Challenge: Establishing a GbE link between sites

200km apart spanning over jungles

NativeEthernet

NativeEthernet

NativeEthernet

nxFE / GbE nxFE / GbE

and lakes

Solutions Split, all packet 3X(2+0) multi radio 6 hopes Abstraction layer at both ends. (Cisco

routers)

Why Ceragon?

CeragonFibeAir

CeragonFibeAir

CeragonFibeAir

CeragonFibeAir

Cisco7600

Cisco7600

nxFE /GbE

nxFE / GbEService Aware Radio Link

Service Aware Radio Link

Service Aware Radio Link

32.81km 36.53km

31.94km

ARTI

34 22 37.00 S

057310300W

CESP

34 21 02.00S

057 09 44.00 WCANO


High Capacity and flexibility Modularity and upgradeability High capacity all, indoor, all packet Cisco partnership (CTDP) Multi layered availbilaity

Radio level, System level, e-t-e

21

49.68km

37.55km

33.77km

0' 58 40' 20' 57 40' 20'

.34 25 02.00 S

057 51 41.00 WRIPI

34 30 58.00 S056 49 07.00 W

RIBO

34 42 58.00 S

056 29 18.00 W

VPLA

34 54 21.00 S

056 11 59.00 W

Quilmes

34 43 41.00 S

058 15 04.00 W

All Indoor & Spl it Configurations LTE Ready

Backhaul (NA) Challenge:

Ubiquitous network concept forwireless backhaul serving remotebase station sites

Tail site #1

Native2

1+1

Native2 Native2

1+1

Migration from 2G/3G UMTS toHSPA and LTE

Solutions Mix of all indoor and split TDM +

Ethernet 1+1

Why Trunk

Hub/Aggregation siteFiber site

Tail site #2Native2

1+1

Native E1/E1 service ("E1/E1 VC")

Native Ethernet service ("Ethernet VC")


Risk free migration for both all indoor and split

Advanced Carrier Ethernetfeatures

Native2 for native legacy andpacket support during themigration path to all packet

22

Page 11


17/415

6/9/2010

12

An army network backbone (Phil ippines) Challenge:

Build an army military grade long microwavebackbone

Connecting the Philippines islands with many 20'

10'

15 0'

AGUINALDO

Antipol oCAPINPIN

GUINYANGAN

IRIGA

LUCBAN

Malacanang

PASACAO PILI

TAGAYTAY

over the water links with distances of up to100km

Cost-effective voice, data, and videoconferencing services to satisfy commandand control requirements

Solutions hops of 1+1 all indoor 7 GHz

10 0'

50'

40'

30'

BOHOL

CALBAYOG

CAMALIG

CAMOTES

CATBALOGAN

CEBUMACTAN

MATNOG

ORMOC

TACLOBAN


n nter ace: -

Why Ceragon? High power split configuration 1+1 Integrated offering through a channel with

networking, terminal and support6 40'

30'

20'

10'

120 50' 40' 30' 20' 10' 125

AWANG

BALABAGAN

CAMIGUIN

CDO

GANYANGANLACAUAN

LINUGWAYAN

MANTICAO

MERCEDES

OZAMIZ

PAGADIAN

PC HILL

PULACAN

TAGUITE

UPIZAMBOANGA

WiMAX Case Studies

24

Page 12


18/415


19/415

6/9/2010

14

Case Study

Allegro: Business services for Queenslands

outer metro areas

Services: All w ireless 2Mbps to 200Mbps PtP Ethernet microwave: 8Mbps to 200Mbps WiMAX: 1Mbps to 6Mbps

Backhaul: All wireless 200-400Mbps Service aware PtP Ethernet microwave IP/MPLS based Ring topology


Allegro Value proposit ion: Rapid delivery times Competitive pricing scheme based on carefully designed

network to meet low TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)

Case Study

PtP Ethernet microwave for Backhaul and high

capacity servicesBackhaul:Business Access :

aware Ethernet microwave enhancedwith Adaptive Modulation

enhanced with Adaptive ModulationOr PtMP WiMAX

IP/MPLS

router

IP/MPLS

router

PtP


WiMAX

Base

Station

IP/MPLS

router

PtMP -

WiMAX

Page 14


20/415

6/9/2010

15

Case StudySouth East Asia: National broaband based on

WiMAX

xe o e app ca ons Broadband Access VoIP Fixed and VoIP handset IP TV

Backhaul: All wireless 10-400Mbps Service aware PtP Ethernet microwave Carrier Ethernet based aggregation


Value propositi on: Access to a true Broadband service Coverage and mobility

Ceragon IP Solution: Urban/Rural Link

planningChallenges:

1. Mult i hops (up

to 8)

.

VoIP

3. Extremelyhigh capacity

4. Rapiddeployment

5. High

availability

6. U radable

E-t-E delay


21/415

6/9/2010

16

Case Study

Aerea/WorldMAX: 1st Mobile WiMAX launchalready live in Amsterdam

Services: 512Kbps-8Mbps USB WiMAX Dongle 10-40Euro

Aggregation: Al l w ireless 200-400Mbps High capacity service aware Ethernet radio at the

aggregation Low capacity for Access


Aerea Value proposit ion: Hotspot the size of Amsterdam. Rapid, online order. Mail delivery within 2 days pending

on coverage

Low Cost , High Capacity

Carrier Ethernet Aggregation for WiMAX Backhaul

Aggregat ion Site

Low Capacity Link1+1

Core SiteXC

Switch

Router

Ethernet AggregationXC

C era on

Ceragon

FibeAir

Low Capacity Link1+1

BS site


Aggregatio nSite

PSN

FibeAir

BS site

BS site

Ceragon

FibeAirSwitch

Router

Ethernet

Microwave Link

Page 16


22/415

6/9/2010

17

Verticals Case Studies

33

Simon says there are 9 dist inct verticals

Broadcast

DefenseMunicipality

Utility OPG

Public Security


Education FinanceHealth

Page 17


23/415

6/9/2010

18

Case Study

Australia: Police, Fire & Emergency Services

Challenge:

Provide reliable di ital voice communications and

Public Safety

data traffic

99.997% monthly average availability. (Equipmentreliability and propagation performance)

Low latency (275 m/s)

Small antenna to reduce wind load

Cost effective 1+0 space diversity configuration inring topology

Solution

FibeAir 1500R in ring topology

PoliceHQ


Management and VoIP EOW via 2Mb/s Ethernetwayside channel

Why Ceragon?

High power split radio with integrated space diversity

Performance in ring topologies

Extremely reliable hardware

Versatile auxiliary channels fiber

LocalPoliceStation Local Police

Station

Case Study

Australia: South Australian Forestry

Challenge:

Municipality

Create a robust high capacity videosurveillance network for , bush firemonitoring

Low visual foot print to reduce

vandalism and impact sceneryenjoyment

Solutions

6 hops 1+0 split (IP-10)

Link Interface: Ethernet

Some of the links are tree mounted


Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high capacity nativeEthernet in a 1+0 configuration

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

Integrated offering through a channel(MIMP) with networking, services andsupport

South Australian ForestPhoto: Forestry SA

Page 18


24/415

6/9/2010

19

Case Study

Aust ralia: Housing Commission, Melbourne

Municipality

Create a high capacity network between 8campuses in the city

Need to support closed circuit TV andTelemetry monitoring for public housing

Solutions

8 link 1+0 r ing


400Mbps al l IP

53 unlicensed s urs


Why Ceragon? Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet in

a 2+0 ready configuration

Upgradeable and modular

Integrated offering through a channel(Integrators Australia) with networking,services and support

Case Study

Philippines: An army network backbone

10'

15 0'

AGUINALDO

Antipo loCAPINPIN

GUINYANGAN

LUCBAN

Malacanang

TAGAYTAY

Defense

Build an army military grade long microwavebackbone

Connecting the Philippines islands with many overthe water links with distances of up to 100km

Cost-effective voice, data, and video conferencingservices to satisfy command and controlrequirements

Solutions 36 hops 1+1 all indoor

10 0'

50'

40'

30'

20'

BOHOL

CALBAYOG

CAMALIG

CAMOTES

CATBALOGAN

CEBU

IRIGA

MACTAN

MATNOG

ORMOC

PASACAO PILI

TACLOBAN


7 GHz Link Interface: STM-1

Why Ceragon? High power split configuration 1+1 Integrated offering through a channel with

networking, terminal and support6 40'

30'

20'

10'

120 50' 40' 30' 20' 10' 125

AWANG

BALABAGAN

CAMIGUIN

CDO

GANYANGANLACAUAN

LINUGWAYAN

MANTICAO

MERCEDES

OZAMIZ

PAGADIAN

PC HILL

PULACAN

TAGUITE

UPIZAMBOANGA

Page 19


25/415

6/9/2010

20

Case Study

Australia: Wireless connectivity to SCADA forWater Management solutions

Utility

Challenge:

Connect rural fully automated water gateswirelessly to a SCADA (Supervisory Control

And Data Acquisition)

Provide reliability in extreme weather conationswhere systems is required the most to open orclose the water gates

Rural and rough terrain


SlipGateTM

7 hops 1+1


Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high power radio units

Highly available radio link

Case Study

Spain: Water UTelco

Challenge:

Utility

Create a reliable high capacity multi servicenetwork

Provide both internal data requirements suchas intra-communication voice, data, SCADA,

and surveillance systems while serving thelocal government telecom needs

Solutions

60 hops 1+0/1+1/2+0 split


Multi le t o olo schemes


Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet in a2+0 configuration

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

Integrated offering through a channel withnetworking, services and support

Page 20


26/415

6/9/2010

21

Case Study

Australia: Power utili ty data protection

Challenge:

Utility

Create an completely reliable low capacitybackbone for power surges monitoring andprotection serving rural power substation

Leverage highly available excessive capacityto up sell telecom services: Voice and Data


Solutions

16 hops 2+1 all indoor

Link Interface: STM-1


Serves as a Main link Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high power all indoor 2+1configuration (upgradeable to 4+1)


Case Study

USA: Rural electr ical cooperative

Utility

Create a reliable backbone to connect SCIs20 substations and metering points

Serving SCADA, Land Mobile Radio, VideoAdvanced Metering Infrastructure traffic.

Solutions

8 hops all indoor


Serves as a Main link

Rin to olo


Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient, Upgradeable split Native2

solution.

Integrated offering through a channel Maplenet Wireless with networking, servicesand support

South Central Indiana REMC (SCI)

Page 21


27/415

6/9/2010

22

Case Study

Australia: Alinta Gas pipeline

OPG

Challenge:

A long mission critical communication linkfor a SCADA system


Solutions

43 hops 1+1

Link Interface: STM-1

Why Ceragon?

1,300km


Cost efficient high power radio units Highly available radio link

Case Study

France: Broadcast TV

Broadcast

Challenge: Build a robust backup for a fiber

installation for the distribution of highquality live video content along Nicecoast line

Solutions All indoor, all packet 1+1 Alternate path for fiber

h Cera on? MONTAGEL


High Capacity Ethernet in all indoorconfiguration

Modularity and upgradability

44

LA BRAGUE

T

ST RAPHAEL

Page 22


28/415

6/9/2010

23

Case Study

Australia: TV network Intra-studiocommunication

Broadcast

Challenge:

Create a reliable high capacity contributionnetwork

Leverage highly available excessive capacity toup sell telecom services: Voice and Data


Solutions

4 hops 1+0 split space diversity


Studio Site B

XCXC

Ceragon

FibeAir

Fiber as a

rimar

Native Ethernet

Microwaveas an

Ethernet switch

Broadcast

site


Alternate path with links up to 70km with Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high power highly available nativeEthernet in a 1+0 configuration

Service protection support


Studio Site A

XCXC

Ceragon

FibeAir

path

alternate path

Ethernet switch

Case Study

US: Operation Green Light - Kansas

Municipality

Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) where thestoplights are connected to a wireless networkwith IP video cameras and backhauledwirelessly to their Traffic Management center.

Create a reliable high capacity packetaggregation network

Low impact and integration with last miletechnologies such as WiMAX

Solutions


2+0 split

Link Interface: Ethernet in rings

Why Ceragon?

The highest possible capacities

Service protection support


Page 23


29/415

6/9/2010

24

Case Study

US: Intermountain Health Care - Utah

Health

Challenge:

Develop a high capacity network that fitsinto their disaster recovery plan (mainlyearthquakes)

Needed control over network with backusing local Telco leased lines

Solutions

1+0 in Ring topology



Cost efficient high power, high capacityradio units

Modular and upgradable

WSA - North Germany Water Authority

BroadcastPublic Safety

Utility

Challenge: Connecting radar stations and light towers on the shore

Long haul over water

Solutions:


70 packet links

7Ghz high power with Space diversity

Why Ceragon?

High capacity long haul packet radio

Built in Space Diversity

Single turnkey supplier (Telent) for the compete network (offered by two of the bidders)

48

Page 24


30/415

6/9/2010

25

Australia: SP AusNet Smart metering

BroadcastPublic Safety

Utility

Challenge:

Carrier grade radio backhaul to suit smart grid requirements (IP based) but also supportstraditional TDM based services i.e SCADA

Solutions:

80 links IP-10 1+1 radios over 4 years

Polyview NMS

2


Why Ceragon?

Advanced Native Ethernet capabilities for smart grid & Native E1 for SCADA (Native2)

Outdoor cabinet installations with WIMAX requirement

Flexible, future proof solution

Single turnkey supplier (Motorola) for the compete network

49

Case study (Munic ipality)

Aust ralia: Housing Commission, Melbourne

Municipality

Challenge:

Create a high capacity network between 75 campuses in the city

Support closed circuit TV, Voice and Telemetry monitoring for public

housing

Solutions:

8 link 1+0 ring



400Mbps all IP

53 unlicensed spurs

Why Ceragon?

Cost efficient high capacity native Ethernet

Upgradeable and modular, 2+0 ready configuration

Integrated offering through a channel (Integrators Australia)

Page 25


31/415

6/9/2010

26

Thank You

51

Page 26


32/415

6/10/2010

1

FibeAir IP10


Commissioning the Radio Link

Radio Link Common Attributes

IDU ODU IDUODU) ) )TSL RSL

To establish a radio link, we need to configure / monitor the following

parameters:

1. TX / RX frequencies set on every radio

2. RSL Received Signal [dBm]

3. MSE Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE PPS)

4. Max. TSL Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]

5. Moni to red TSL Actual Transmission level dBm


.

6. L ink ID must be the same on both ends

7. ATPC ON / OFF avoiding co-interferences caused by nearby antennas

8. MRMC Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)

9. Adaptive Power ON / OFF To allow max. transmission signal when ACM is ON

10. MAC Header Compression 45% higher throughput (Ceragon Proprietary)

Page 27


33/415

6/10/2010

2

LINK ID

LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the

same frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.

# 101

# 102 Link ID

Mismatch


Link ID Mismatch

Page 28


34/415

6/10/2010

3

LINK ID Antenna Alignment Process

Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID

Otherwise, Link ID Mismatch alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window

# 101

# 102 Link ID

Mismatch


Link ID Mismatch

ATPC

Page 29


35/415

6/10/2010

4

ATPC Adaptive Transmission Power Control

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies

significantly with time and environment.

, ,

and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.

Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)

Main Lobe


Side Lobe


To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to

external changes is necessary.

In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing thecorrelation between transmission power and link quality.

With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control

algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.


Page 30


36/415

6/10/2010

5


1. Enable ATPC on both sites

2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)

3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)

4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level

5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level

TSL Adjustments Monitored RSL


ATPC

module

Radio

Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio

Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

Site A Site B

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

RSL

required

change

ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission

ATPC: Disabled ATPC: Disabled

Max. TSL: 10 dBm

Monitored TSL: 10 dBm

Monitored RSL: -53 dBm

Max. TSL: 10 dBm

Monitored TSL: 8 dBm

Monitored RSL: -56 dBm


ATPC

module

Radio

Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio

Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

Site A Site B

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

RSL

required

change

Page 31


37/415

6/10/2010

6

ATPC ON =

Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance

ATPC: Enabled

Ref. RSL: -65 dBmATPC: Enabled

Ref RSL: - 65 dBm

Max. TSL: 10 dBm

Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 10)

Monitored RSL: -60 dBm (before 53)

.

Max. TSL: 10 dBm

Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 8)

Monitored RSL: -63 dBm (before 56)


ATPC

module

Radio

Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio

Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

Site A Site B

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

RSL

required

change

MRMC Scripts

Page 32


38/415

6/10/2010

7

MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding

1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed

or adaptive)

. on scr p s o are s ava a e o suppor on- ra os

3. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile.

4. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.

5. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade


. ,

request to the remote TX to upgrade its profile.

7. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to

the remote TX to downgrade its profile.

MRMC Multi Rate Multi Coding

Each ACM script has 8 profiles.

The radio capacity will be dictated by the

channel BW see next slide

Profile Modulation

0 QPSK

1 8QAM

The lower the modulation the less sensitivethe receiver is:

More system gain

Bigger fade margin

At lower modulation orders the radio link will

2 16QAM

3 32QAM

4 64QAM

5 128QAM

6 256QAM(highFEC)

7 256QAM(lowFEC)


tolerate lower R L levels. For example:

With 16QAM the radio will drop at (-78dBm)

whereas with 8QAM the radio will drop at

(-82dBm)

Page 33


39/415

6/10/2010

8

MRMC Adaptive TX Power

MRMC Adaptive TX Power

Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power

available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.

When Adaptive TX is disabled:

Maximum TX power is l imited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM

script.

In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from

256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as

Max. TX in 256QAM.


When Adaptive TX is Enable:

When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK.

However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.

Page 34


40/415

6/10/2010

9

MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF

256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.)

16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm

Signal Degradation

= Lower bit/symbol


MRMC Adaptive Power = ON

256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.)

16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm

Signal Degradation

= Lower bit/symbol


Page 35


41/415

6/10/2010

10

MRMC Adaptive Power

It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed

EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX.

To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS.

Spectrum):

Class 2

Class 4 Class 5B

Class 6A

FCC


- s ou ave vers on . or g er or proper unc ona y oAdaptive TX Power feature.

The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the

receiver assuming that the signal power is radiated equally in all directions

Configuration

Page 36


42/415

6/10/2010

11

Radio Settings Local Radio

Spectrum Mask

FQ spacing (gap) between channels

Monitored transmission power

i i i loni ore receive signal

Required value = zero

Monitored Mean Square Error

Radio frequencies can be set

locally or on remote unit as

well (assuming links is up)

Enable / Disable


Enable = no transmission

Min. target RSL (local)

l i l

Value depends on MRMC settings

Must be identical on both IDUs

Radio Settings Local Radio


Enable on both IDUs to get maximum

throughput (500Mbps @ 56MHz)

Page 37


43/415

6/10/2010

12

Radio Settings Remote Radio

When the radio link is up, you can configure certain

parameters on the remote unit:

Make sure Remote IP is available

Remote RSL can be read


Remote TSL can be set (depends on remote MRMC script) Remote TX MUTE can be disabled (see next slide)

Remote target RSL for ATPC can be set

Remote Un-Mute

Simplified scheme

Site A is

transmitting

e s ransm ng

but receiver is still ON


Site A

Site B

Page 38


44/415

6/10/2010

13

Radio Thresholds


These settings determine the sensitivity / tolerance for triggering:

1+1 HSB switchover

Ethernet Shutdown

PM generated alarms

MRMC Configuration


We shall review this page using the following slides:

Page 39


45/415

6/10/2010

14

MRMC reading current script

MAX. Capacity

(w/out compression)

ACM Scri t CH. BWModulation

Spectrum

Mask

ACM is on


Class Type

MRMC Reading current capacity


Page 40


46/415

6/10/2010

15

ThankYou!

29

.

Page 41


47/415

1

Mean Square Error

Agenda

Definition xamp e MSE & ACM MSE values at 56MHz (case study)

MSE values at 28MHz (case study) Troubleshooting examples


Page 42


48/415

2

IntroductionDefinition | Example


MSE - Definition

value and the true value of the quantity being estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is a sort of aggregated error by which the expected value differsfrom the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver


does not account for information that could produce a more accurateestimated RSL

4

Page 43


49/415

3

To simplify.

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many canfit in.


The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability distribution function)

Quantity 9 Expected value

width

3

2

3

1


To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many partsdiffer from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

6

Page 44


50/415

4

The difference from Expected value

QuantityError = 0 mm

width

Error = + 6 mm

Error = - 3 mm

Error = + 2 mm

Error = - 4 mm


To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure howmuch the errors differ from expected value

10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm

7

Giving bigger differences more weight thansmaller differencesQuantity

Error = 0 mm

10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm

width

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

- 4 mm = 16


We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smallerdifferences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 units away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away

8

Page 45


51/415

5

Calculating MSE

QuantityError = 0 mm

width

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

- 4 mm = 16


To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take theaverage:

16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13

The bigger the errors (dif ferences) >> the bigger MSE becomes

9

Calculating MSE

Quantity Error = 0 mm

width


If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0

This would result in MSE = 0

Conclusion: systems perform best when MSE is minimum

10

Page 46


52/415

6

MSE in digital modulation (Radios)Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as anexample:

Q

2 possible states for I signal2 possible states for Q signal

= 4 possible states for thecombined signal

0001

I


The graph shows the expectedvalues (constellation) of thereceived signal (RSL)

1011

11

MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

The black dots represent theexpected values (constellation)of the received signal (RSL)Q

The blue dots represent the

actual RSL

Similarly to the previous

0001

I


,bigger the errors are theharder it becomes for thereceiver to detect & recover thetransmitted signal

1011

12

Page 47


53/415

7


Q

MSE would be the averageerrors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4.

When MSE is very small the

0001

I

e1

e2


actual signal is very close tothe expected signal

1011

e3e

13


Q

When MSE is too big, theactual signal (amplitude &

phase) is too far from theexpected signal

0001

I

e1

e2


1011

e3e

14

Page 48


54/415

8

Using MSECommissioning | Troubleshooting


Commissioning with MSE in EMS

When you commission your,

is small (-37dB)

Actual values may be read-34dB to -35dB


Bigger values (-18dB) willresult in loss of signal

16

Page 49


55/415

9

MSE and ACM

When the errors become too big,we need a stronger error correctionmechanism FEC

Therefore, we reduce the numberof bits per symbol allocated for dataand re-assign the extra bits forcorrection instead

For example


as grea capac y upoor immune to noise

64QAM has less capacity but muchbetter immune for noise

ACM Adaptive Code Modulation

17

Triggering ACM with MSE

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link

When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the requiredmodulation per radio to maintain service

ACM 28MHz, MSE [-dB]:

Profile Mod 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches

UpgradeACM Profilewhen MSE reaches Optimal

0 QPSK 6.9 10.4 11.9 >30

1 8PSK 11 14.5 16 >30


. . .

3 32QAM 18 21.5 23 >30

4 64QAM 20 23.5 25 >30

5 128QAM 24.4 27.9 29.4 >33

6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35

7 256QAM 28 31.5 33 >35

Page 50


56/415

10


When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link

When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the requiredmodulation per radio to maintain service

ACM 56MHz, MSE [-dB]:

Profile Mod 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches


0 QPSK 6.7 10.2 11.7 >30

1 8PSK 12 15.5 17 >30


2 16QAM 13.1 16.6 18.1 >303 32QAM 17.3 20.8 22.3 >30

4 64QAM 19.6 23.1 24.6 >30

5 128QAM 22.6 26.1 27.6 >33

6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35

7 256QAM 27.5 31 32.5 >35


Lets analyze the figures in the table below (we shall focus on the last line):

1. When the radio is in optimal conditions, MSE is near -35dB2. When MSE drops below -27.5dB, we will experience high BER

-.4. Now that the radio is @ profile 6, the MSE must improve to -32.5 to recover

high capacity (profile 7)

Profile Modulation 10-6 ThresholdDowngrade ACM Profilewhen MSE reaches


0 QPSK 6.7 10.2 11.7 >30

1 8PSK 12 15.5 17 >30

2 16QAM 13.1 16.6 18.1 >30

17.3 20.8 22.3 >


. . .

4 64QAM 19.6 23.1 24.6 >30

5 128QAM 22.6 26.1 27.6 >33

6 256QAM 25 28.5 30 >35

7 256QAM 27.5 31 32.5 >35

5 dB security window

Page 51


57/415

11

ACM & MSE: Another approach

In this graph we refer to a 56MHz channel. It is easier to observe thehysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE.

, - .

32.5

30

ACM

Profile


MSE31 28.5 26.1 23.1 20.8 16.6 15.5 10.2

Profile7 Profile6 Profile5 Profile4 Profile3 Profile2 Profile1 Profile0

ACM & MSE: Another approach

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM willswitch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.

When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) ACMw a s mproves o e po n o nex ava a e upgra e po n takes longer time toswitch back to the higher profile).

32.5 30

ACM

Profile


MSE31 28.5 26.1

Profile7 Profile6 Profile5

Page 52


58/415

12

Troubleshooting wrong modulation

When different settings of Modulation are set, MSE will be showing -99.99dB (Modulation Mismatch):


RSL = ~ (-45) dBmMSE = -99.99 dB

RSL = ~ (-45) dBmMSE = -99.99 dB

ThankYou!

24

ra n ng ceragon.com

Page 53


59/415

3/31/2010

1

ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation

FibeAir IP-10s Key Feature

IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Modulation ran e: QPSK - 256QAM

Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades

Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation whenreceived signal improves


Optimized for mobile backhaul all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration

2

Page 54


60/415

3/31/2010

2

Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental

conditions

Hitless & errorless switchoverbetween modulation schemes

Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth

Service differentiation with improved SLA

Increased capacity and availability


Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Non-real time

services

Voice&real ti meserv ices

Weak

FEC

Strong

FEC


When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to

highest priority

Page 55


61/415

3/31/2010

3

ACM & SLA

200Mbps

When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services aremaintained

256QAM

128QAM

170Mbps

112

Mbps BestEffort

er


32QAM

Premium

Sil

The above diagram shows an example when 28MHz is used

IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support

8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each pointchange)

Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signalqua ty

Throughput per radio carrier: 10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel

25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel

45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel

90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel


Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services

6

MSE is analyzed to trigger

ACM modulation changes

Page 56


62/415

3/31/2010

4

IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI

7MHz

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 4 9.5 13.5

2 8 PSK 6 14 20

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 8 20 - 29

2 8 PSK 12 29 - 41

14MHz

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 38 - 54

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 32 76 - 109

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 23 56 - 80

4 32 QAM 10 24 34

5 64 QAM 12 28 40

6 128 QAM 13 32 46

7 256 QAM 16 38 54

8 256 QAM 18 42 60

-

4 32 QAM 20 49 70

5 64 QAM 24 57 82

6 128 QAM 29 69 - 98

7 256 QAM 34 81 - 115

8 256 QAM 37 87 - 12528MHz 40MHz 56MHz


Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

2 8 PSK 22 53 - 76

3 16 QAM 32 77 - 110

4 32 QAM 44 103 - 148

5 64 QAM 54 127 - 182

6 128 QAM 66 156 - 223

7 256 QAM 71 167 - 239

8 256 QAM 75 183 - 262

2 8 PSK 48 114 - 163

3 16 QAM 64 151 - 217

4 32 QAM 75 202 - 288

5 64 QAM 75 251 - 358

6 128 QAM 75 301 - 430

7 256 QAM 75 350 - 501

8 256 QAM 75 372 - 531

2 8 PSK 34 82 - 117

3 16 QAM 51 122 - 174

4 32 QAM 65 153 - 219

5 64 QAM 75 188 - 269

6 128 QAM 75 214 - 305

7 256 QAM 75 239 - 342

8 256 QAM 75 262 - 374

7

IP-10 radio capacity - FCC

10MHz

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 7 13 18

2 8 PSK 10 19 27

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 28 - 40

2 8 PSK 22 39 - 56

20MHz

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 22 39 - 55

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 37 65 - 93

ACM

Point

Modulat ion # of

T1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 31 56 - 80

4 32 QAM 18 32 46

5 64 QAM 24 42 61

6 128 QAM 28 50 71

7 256 QAM 30 54 78

8 256 QAM 33 60 85

-

4 32 QAM 38 67 - 96

5 64 QAM 52 93 - 133

6 128 QAM 58 102 - 146

7 256 QAM 67 118 - 169

8 256 QAM 73 129 - 18530MHz 40MHz 50MHz


Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

2 8 PSK 35 62 - 89

3 16 QAM 52 93 - 133

4 32 QAM 68 120 - 171

5 64 QAM 80 142 - 202

6 128 QAM 84 164 - 235

7 256 QAM 84 185 - 264

8 256 QAM 84 204 - 292

2 8 PSK 59 105 - 150

3 16 QAM 74 131 - 188

4 32 QAM 84 167 - 239

5 64 QAM 84 221 - 315

6 128 QAM 84 264 - 377

7 256 QAM 84 313 - 448

8 256 QAM 84 337 - 482

2 8 PSK 46 82 - 117

3 16 QAM 69 122 - 174

4 32 QAM 84 153 - 219

5 64 QAM 84 188 - 269

6 128 QAM 84 214 - 305

7 256 QAM 84 239 - 342

8 256 QAM 84 262 - 374

8

Page 57


63/415

3/31/2010

5

IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic

Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending)

Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%

Ethernet

packet size (bytes)

Capacity i ncrease by

compression

64 45%


128 22%

256 11%

512 5%

9

IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocationExample: 28MHz channel bandwidth

Example

Modulation

Example

traffic mix

32QAM 128QAM 256QAM

All Ethernet 112Mbps 170Mbps 200Mbps

20 E1s + Ethernet 20 E1s + 66Mbps 20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps

44 E1s + Ethernet 44 E1s + 10Mbps 44 E1s + 67Mbps 44 E1s + 98Mbps

66 E1s + Ethernet - 66 E1s + 15Mbps 66 E1s + 47Mbps


75 E1s + Ethernet - - 75 E1s + 25Mbps

10

Page 58


64/415

3/31/2010

6

Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Its all about handling data...

Current Microwave systems are designed withAvailabi li ty Equal for al l Services

99.99 %

?

nXT1/E1


Less availability can be accepted for many data services

Need for Services Classification :

Microwave systems shall treat services in d ifferent ways

11

Fewer Hops

1.28km fix rate200Mbps at 99 999%

1.28km fix rate200Mbps at 99 999% .

2.5km adaptive rate200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%

.

2.5km adaptive rate200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%


0 1km 2km 3km

Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)

0 1km 2km 3km0 1km 2km 3km

Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)

Optional sol ution for several planning constrains

Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site

12

Page 59


65/415

3/31/2010

7

Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight

Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas

4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability

Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%) modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

256QAM (2) 400 99.999 4min, 28sec

Modulation Throughput (Mbps) Availability (%)

Unavailability of

modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

QPSK 80 99.999 5min, 3sec

With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas


8PSK 120 99.998 9min, 3sec

16QAM 160 99.997 11min, 4sec

32QAM 210 99.996 16min, 42sec

64QAM 260 99.995 24min, 35sec

128QAM 320 99.992 37min, 35sec

256QAM (1) 360 99.989 55min, 33sec

256QAM (2) 400 99.985 1hr,18min, 13sec

Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] bandSource: Ceragon Networks

Typical 4E1 radio

PSK 4xE1

ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario

SMOOTH Migration

7MHz channel

99.999% availability

7MHz channel

Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet

5 TIMES THE CAPACITY


Same 7MHz channel

QPSK 256QAM with ACM

99.999% availability for the E1s

Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow

4xE1 + 40Mbps

Ethernet

7MHz channel

14

Page 60


66/415

3/31/2010

8

Traffic Prioritization

When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are

maintained while low services are dropped

When link capacity is recovered, low services are recovered as well

QoS is applied first to drop ETH low services

(e.g. Customer is advised to assign configure QoS to maintain In-Band

Management when link capacity degrades)


Each E1/T1 can be configured as High/Low priority TDM Low priority is dropped first

TDM High priority is dropped according to order of configuration

ACM Working Boundaries

Link capacity is determined according to License and applied script

ACM Script consists of Channel BW, max. Capacity and Modulation

Highest modem script is applied using MRMC configuration window

When Automatic State Propagation is enabled, GbE (SFP) port can be

configured to shutdown when ACM is below a pre-defined script


Page 61


67/415

3/31/2010

9

ThankYou!

17

.

Page 62


68/415

Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course

1

Introductionto802.1P/Q


Prerequisites

Prior to taking this module, trainee should be familiar with thefollowin :

Ethernet Topologies

OSI 7 Layers model


Page 63


69/415


2

What is VLAN?

Advantages for using VLAN

AgendaAgenda

Tagged frame structure

Types of VLAN

Types of connections

802.1P implementations


A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced

What is VLAN?

Prioritization Filtering

Provisioning Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)


Page 64


70/415


3

What is VLAN?

Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints


VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports

(Profile Membership)

What is VLAN?

VLAN 1

Switch ports


VLAN 547

6

Page 65


71/415


4

Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups)

Advantages of VLAN

Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves)

Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization

Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones

Security establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated


users tra ic between VLANs is restricted .

7

Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN

and how does it work, let us review first thestructure of a regular ETH frame


Page 66


72/415


5

Untagged Ethernet Frame

Preamble+SFD DA SA Length/Type DATA+PAD FCS

6 Bytes 6 Bytes8 Bytes 2 Bytes 46 - 1500 Bytes4 Bytes

(32-bit

CRC)

FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver

Minim um 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximu m 1518 Bytes


Lengt h / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes

Lengt h / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)

9

Additional information is inserted

Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes

Tagged Ethernet Frame

4 Bytes

Preamble

+

SFD DA SA Length

/

Type DATA

+

PAD FCS

TCI

VLAN

TAG

TPID=0x88A8


TPID = Tag protocol ID

TCI = Tag Control Information

CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator

3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

CFIPTAG VLANID

Page 67


73/415


6

VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4096:

Tagging a Frame

2^12 = 4096

VID 0 = reserved

VID 4090-4096 = reserved (dedicated for IP-10s internal purposes such as MNG etc.)

VID 1 = default

After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated

CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over


(some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)

11

Protocoltype Value

TaggedFrame 0x8100

ARP 0x0806

TPID in tagged frames in always set to

0x8100

It is im ortant that ou understand the

TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type

n x

QinQ(othervendors) 0x88A8

QinQ(othervendors) 0x9100

Qin

Q

(other

vendors) 0x9200

RARP 0x8035

IP 0x0800

IPv6 0x86DD

meaning and usage of this parameter

Later when we discuss QoS, we shalldemonstrate how & why the system

audits this parameter


PPPoE 0x8863/0x8864

MPLS 0x8847/0x8848

ISIS 0x8000

LACP 0x8809

802.1x 0x888E

12

Page 68


74/415


7

Every switch port is associated with specific VLAN membership

PRO easy configured

VLAN Membership: By Port

For example ports 1,2 & # can see each other but cannot PING

other ports (different VLAN membership)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

VLAN 1

VLAN2

2

VLAN5

VLAN3

33

VLAN9

VLAN1

00

PRO user mobility, no

reconfiguration when PC

moves

VLAN Membership: By MAC

initially, not an easy task

with thousands of

endpoints 00:20:8f:40:15:31

00:20:8f:40:15:3000:20:8f:40:15:ef

VLAN 44


00:33:ef:38:01:23

00:33:ef:38:01:2500:33:ef:38:01:a0

VLAN 5

Page 69


75/415


8

Membership is based on the Layer 3 header

No process of IP address is done

Main disadvantage longer overall throughput

VLAN Membership: By Subnet (L3 VLAN)

10.10.10.12

10.10.10.12210.10.10.13

VLAN 44


11.1.1.10.12

11.1.1.10.2311.1.1.10

VLAN 5

Access Port a port which is not aware of VLANs

(Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)

Port Types

VLANawareSwitch

A


Device unaware of VLANs

transmits untagged

(regular) ETH frames

Switch tags the ingress

frames with VID according

to specific Tagging

mechanism

16

Page 70


76/415


9

Trunk Port a port which is aware of VLANs

(Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)

Port Types

VLANawareSwitch

A T


Device unaware of VLANs

transmits untagged

(regular) ETH frames

Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to

specific Tagging mechanism

Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network

and delivers untagged frames to Access ports

17

Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs.

This requires Port Membership configuration.

Port Types

VLANawareSwitch

AT


ThisportisnotamemberoftheTrunk

portmembershiplist,hence,trafficis

discarded

18

Page 71


77/415


10

Additional VLAN (S-VLAN) is inserted

Frame size increases to 1526 Bytes

Q-in-Q

4 Bytes

Preamble+SFD DA SA Length/Type DATA+PAD FCSSVLAN CVLAN

4 Bytes


3 Bit 1 Bit 12 Bit

CFI

= x

PTAG VLANIDCFI PTAGVLANID

= x

Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double TaggingVLAN Encapsulation)

Port Types

VLAN

awareSwitchCN PN

+


Enhanced security not exposing original VID

Improved flexibility of VID in the network

(Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)

20

Page 72


78/415


11

Introduction to QoS / CoS

21

We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities

across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority

bits, and classifies traffic accordingly.

Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483)

To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the

switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings.

CBR

VBR

UBR

P-Tag 6

P-Tag 4

P-Tag 0


Core

Site

Hub

Site

Tail site

RNC

BSC/MSC

FibeAirIP-10

n x T1/E1

FE/GE

GE

GE

STM1/

OC3

ATM

Router

MPLSRouterIP-10

22

Page 73


79/415


12

Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa

IP-10s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting

services through MPLS core

Hub

SiteRNCFE/GE

GE

GE

Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to:

VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits

VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits


Core

Site

Tail site

BSC/MSC

FibeAirIP-10

n x T1/E1

STM1/

OC3

STM1/

OC3

MPLSRouter

MPLSRouterIP-10

23

Ingress

NumberofAvailableTrafficClassesIEEE Recommendation

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0(default) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2

3 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3

0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4

e o ow ng a e s ows

IEEE definition of traffic

classes

It shows the ingress optionsfor P-Tag VS. egress P-tag

The number of egress


5 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 5

6 0 1 2 3 3 4 5 6

7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

EgressPTag

on the number of assigned

queues

24

Page 74


80/415


13

The default priority used for transmission by end stations is 0

With a single queue, there are no choices. All traffic is Best Effort

VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes)

Multiple queues are needed to isolate Network Control from the user data traffic


Acronyms

ETH Ethernet NIC Network Internet Card an VLAN Virtual LAN P-TAG Priority Tag, Priority Bits CFI Canonical Format Indicator TPID Tag Protocol Identifier FCS Frame Check Sequence DA Destination Address SA Source Address


QoS Quality of Service

26

Page 75


81/415


14

Associated IEEE Standards

IEEE802.3 :Ethernet(Max.framesize=1518bytes)

IEEE802.3ac :Ethernet(Max. frame size = 1522 bytes)

IEEE802.1d :MACBridgefirstintroducedtheconceptofFilteringServicesinabridgedlocalnetwork

IEEE802.1q :VLANTagging


IEEE

802.1

p

:Priority

Tagging

/Mapping

IEEE802.1ag :OAM(CFM)

ThankYou!


[email protected]

28

Page 76


82/415

6/13/2010

1

Ceragon in a Nutshell

Ceragon FibeAir Family

Carrier Ethernet Switch TDM Cross Connect

ACM Ch-STM1/

OA&M Service Management Security

XPIC


Native2 Radio

Ethernet + TDM

OC3

Terminal

Mux

E1/T1FastEthernet

Gigabit

Ethernet

10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz

RFU (6-38GHz)

Multi

Radio

SD/FD

Page 77


83/415

6/13/2010

2

RFUs

FibeAir RFU-HP FibeAir RFU-HS FibeAir RFU-P FibeAir RFU-C FibeAir RFU-D


High power(e.g. Smaller antennas reduced cost)

Standard power

3

ISPs

CERAGON MAST - Mobile Architecture

for Service Transport

Fixed

Cable

TV

Networks

CellularBackhaul RuralAccess


PDH

IPDSLAM

PSTN

xDSL

Subscribers

SDH/SONETRING

IP/ETH

Customer

Network

Page 78


84/415

6/13/2010

3

CERAGON MAST - Mobile Architecture

for Service Transport

Complete end-to-end network architecture, powering operators

with a highly efficient, scalable and cost-optimized solution for

Regardless of transport technology or the service being carried MAST

offers a complete set of tools to ensure high QoS & full OA&M

functionality across entire networks

Allows risk-free migration to IP/Ethernet

Simplifies fixed and mobile network designs

Giving operators a single point of contact for all the transport, networking and service


delivery needs A true end-to-end, service-oriented package

MAST allows customers to design highly scalable, flexible and future-proof

networks in a simple and cost efficient manner

FibeAir IP-10R1 Main features

UniqueAdaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Integrated Carrier Ethernet switching functionality

Enhanced QoS for differentiated services

Supported configurations 1+0

1+1 HSB Ful ly-redundant!

Nodal solution with ring


Extensive and secure management solution

6

Page 79


85/415

6/13/2010

4

IP-10R1 Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch

3 modes for Ethernet switching:

Metro sw itch Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled

Mana ed Switch 802.1 L2 switch

Smart pipe Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled

Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic

The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio

IP-10

Radio

IP-10

RadioEthernet Ethernet


interface interface

Smart pipe modeMetro/Managed switch mode

Interfaces Interface

Carrier EthernetSwitch

Extensive Carrier Ethernet f eature-set

eliminates the need for external switches7

IP-10R1 radio capacity - ETSI7MHz

ACM

PointModulation

# of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 4 9.5 13.5

2 8 PSK 6 14 20

ACM

PointModulation

# of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 8 20 - 29

2 8 PSK 12 29 - 41

14MHz

ACM

PointModulation

# of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 38 - 54

ACM

PointModulation

# of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 76 - 109

ACM

PointModulation

# of

E1s

Ethernet

Capacity

(Mbps)

1 QPSK 16 56 - 80

4 32 QAM 10 24 34

5 64 QAM 12 28 40

6 128 QAM 13 32 46

7 256 QAM 16 38 54

8 256 QAM 16 42 60

-

4 32 QAM 16 49 70

5 64 QAM 16 57 82

6 128 QAM 16 69 - 98

7 256 QAM 16 81 - 115

8 256 QAM 16 87 - 12528MHz 40MHz 56MHz


2 8 PSK 16 53 - 76

3 16 QAM 16 77 - 110

4 32 QAM 16 103 - 148

5 64 QAM 16 127 - 182

6 128 QAM 16 156 - 223

7 256 QAM 16 167 - 239

8 256 QAM 16 183 - 262

2 8 PSK 16 114 - 163

3 16 QAM 16 151 - 217

4 32 QAM 16 202 - 288

5 64 QAM 16 251 - 358

6 128 QAM 16 301 - 430

7 256 QAM 16 350 - 501

8 256 QAM 16 372 - 531

2 8 PSK 16 82 - 117

3 16 QAM 16 122 - 174

4 32 QAM 16 153 - 219

5 64 QAM 16 188 - 269

6 128 QAM 16 214 - 305

7 256 QAM 16 239 - 342

8 256 QAM 16 262 - 374

8

Page 80


86/415

6/13/2010

5

Wireless Carrier Ethernet RingExample conf iguration (1+0 ring)

N x GE/FE

N x GE/FE N x GE/FE

Wireless

Carrier Ethernet

Ring


(up to 500Mbps)

Integrated EthernetSwitching

N x GE/FE

9

Native2 Microwave Radio Technology

At the heart of the IP-10 solution is Ceragon's market-leading Native2

microwave technology.

With this technology, the microwave carrier supports native IP/Ethernet.

Neither traffic type is mapped over the other, while both dynamically sharethe same overall bandwidth.

This unique approach allows you to plan and build optimal all-IP or hybrid

TDM-IP backhaul networks which make it ideal for any RAN (Radio Access

Network)


In addition, Native2 ensures:

Very low link latency of


87/415

6/13/2010

6

Native Ethernet

Carrier Ethernet (MW links) SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)

NG-SDH/SONET complementary solution

Carrier Ethernet at the access, NG-SDH/SONET at the aggregation

Core

HubSite

Tail sit e FibeAirIP-10 NG-SDH

MSPP

RNC

FibeAirIP-10 NG-SDH

MSPP

FE/GEGE

GE


Ethernet services are

transported natively

over Carrier Ethernet

based MW radio links.

NG-SDH/SONET MSPP

node acts as gateway

between the Carrier

Ethernet and NG-

SDH/SONET based

networks.

Ethernet services

are mapped over

SDH/SONET

SDH/SONET MW

links are used where

fiber connections not

available

11

Native Ethernet

Carrier Ethernet (MW links)

IP/MPLS complementary solut ionCarrier Ethernet at the access, IP/MPLS at the aggregation

IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW)

Ethernet PWs or IProutin

Core

HubSite

Tail sit e FibeAirIP-10

RNC

FibeAirIP-10

FE/GEGE

GE

MPLSRouter

MPLSRouter


e

Both Ethernet and

E1/T1 services are

mapped over MPLS

using pseudo-wires

or routed using IP

High-capacity IP/MPLS-

aware" Ethernet MW

radio is used where fiber

connections not available

IP/MPLS edge router acts

as gateway between the

Carrier Ethernet and

IP/MPLS based networks.

Ethernet services are

transported natively

over Carrier Ethernet

based MW radio links.

12

Page 82


88/415

6/13/2010

7

IP-10R1 integrated QoS support - overview

4 CoS/priority queues per switch port

Advanced CoS/priority classification basedon L2/L3 header fields:

Source PortPriority Queues

. p

VLAN ID

IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC

Highest priority to BPDUs

Advanced ingress traffic rate-limitingper CoS/priority

Flexible scheduling scheme per port Strict priority (SP)

- g es pr or y

W2

W3

W4 lowest r iori t

Scheduling

departures

Classify

Arriv als


Weighted Round Robin (WRR) Hybrid any combination of SP & WRR

Shaping per port

Support differentiated Ethernet services

with SLA assurance

13

IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connect ivity Fault Management)


Page 83


89/415

6/13/2010

8

FibeAir IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solut ion


STM

Rings

Cellulartraffic

(TDM)

FibeAir IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solut ion


Page 84


90/415


91/415

6/13/2010

10

IP-10G VS. IP-10FFeature F-Series G-Series

Supported radio configurations 1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD

1+0, 1+1 HSB, 1+1 SD,

2+0 with XPIC

2+2 HSB with XPIC

XPIC option - Yes

Max radio capacity 100 Mbps500Mbps1Gbps using 2+0/XPIC

Multi-radio support - Yes

# of Ethernet interfaces 5 x FE RJ-455 x FE RJ-45+2 x GE com bo (RJ-45/SFP)

Full Carrier Ethernet switchin gfeature-set including ring p rotection

Yes Yes

# o f E1/T1 i nteg rated IDU i nter fac es o pti on 16 E1, No ne 16 E1, 16T1, No ne


# of E1/T1s per radio carrier 44 E1s 75 E1s / 84 T1s

T-Card slot (additional 16 E1/T1 interfaces orSTM1/OC3 Mux)

- Yes

Nodal/XC/SNCP support Yes Yes

Sync unit option Yes Yes

V.11/RS232 User Channel option -2 x Async V.11/RS232 or1 x Sync V.11

Outdoor Enclosures Solution Benefits

Full Outdoor solution:

Dust and weather proof

Compact size reduces the cost of leasing orpurchasing rack space.

Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites,and at repeater sites adjacent to highways.

One-man installation and shorter cabling reduceinstallation costs.


Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, savingon power and air-conditioning costs.

20

Page 86


92/415

6/13/2010

11

Typical IP10

Higher Spectral-EfficiencyWhats in it for The Operator?

Microwave Radio MicrowaveRadio

RequiredCapacity

155200Mbps

TWOradio links

or

56MHzchannelbandwidth

ONEradiolink

using

28MHzchannelbandwidth

RequiredCapacity

70100Mbps

28MHz

ChannelBandwidth

14MHz

ChannelBandwidth


TheoperatorsavesCAPEX

andfreeupvaluablefrequencyresources

21

Higher Spectral-Efficiency is not enough

RadioType Ant.Diameter Length Modulation Capacity

TypicalSystemGain 1.80m 30Km 16QAM 32xE1s

TypicalSystemGain 1.80m 21Km 128QAM STM1/OC3

TypicalSystemGain 3.00m 30Km 128QAM STM1/OC3

HighSystemGain 1.80m 30km 128QAM STM1/OC3HighSystemGain


shouldalwaysbecoupledwith

SpectralEfficiency

SystemGain

Page 87


93/415

6/13/2010

12

Ceragons Management Overview


IP-10 FibeAir

Tree Topology


Page 88


94/415

6/13/2010

13

[email protected]

Page 89


95/415


1


10

Front Panel Description


Front Panel Overview

2

Lets go over the front panel connections of the IP-10 G-Series

We shall explain them one by one, left to right

GUI Example)

Page 90


96/415


2


CLI Serial Connection

3

DB9 Craft Line Interface (CLI)

Baud: 115200

Data bits: 8Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None


EOW Easy Comm. Via Radio

4

Engineering Order Wire

To communicate with your colleague on the

other side of the radio link, simply connect

here your headset

Page 91


97/415


3


External Alarms

5

DB9 Dry Contact External Alarms

The IP-10 supports 5 input alarms and a single output alarm

The input alarms are configurable according to:1) Intermediate, 2) Critical, 3) Major, 4) Minor and 5) Warning

The output alarm is configured according to predefined categories


LED Indications

6

ORANGE - minor BER alarm on radio

,

( )

()

Page 92


98/415


4


LED Indications

7

PROT: Main unit GREEN (when there no alarms)

STBY unit:YELLOW (when there no alarms)

ORANGE Forced switch, Protection lock

RED physical errors (no cable, cable failure)

OFF Protection is disabled, or not supported on

device

RMT: GREEN remote unit OK (no alarms)

ORANGE minor alarm on remote unit

RED major alarm on remote unit


User Channels (1)

8

Two software-selectable user channels (RJ-45):

A single synchronous channel OR two asynchronous channels

Each asynchronous channel will make use of its own RJ-45 external

interface

The synchronous channel mode will make use of both interfaces

(acting as a single interface)

Page 93


99/415


5


User Channels (2)

9

Modes of operation:

V.11 Asynchronous (9600bps)

RS-232 Asynchronous (9600bps)

V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional (64Kbps)

V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional (64Kbps)


User Channels (3)

10

Allowed configurations:

Two RS-232 Asynchronous UCs (default)

Two V.11 Asynchronous UCs

One RS-232 Asynchronous UC, and one V.11 Asynchronous UC

One V.11 Synchronous Co-Directional

One V.11 Synchronous Contra Directional UC

> All settings are copied to Mate when working in Protected mode

Page 94


100/415


6


Protection Port

11

Protection Port (only for standalone units)

Protect your Main unit with a STBY unit

Protection ports on both units deliver the proprietary protocol tosupport automatic or manual switchover

The FE protection port is static (only used for protection, not traffic). Its switching is performed

electrically. If the unit is a stand-alone, an external connection is made through the front panel. If the

unit is connected to a backplane, the connection is through the backplane, while the front panel port

is unused.


T-Cards (Add-on Mezzanines)

12

Field upgradeable modules (T-Cards):

16 x E1 T-Card (32 total per unit)

DS1

Documents

Ceragon radio