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CATHOLIC REFORMATION
The REAL Reformation
On the transition from Renaissance to Catholic Reformation
The men wandering about the world included the sort of man who says there is no God, the sort of man who says he is himself God, the sort of man who says something that nobody can make head or tail of…It was one of those moments when, as Christ walked on the water, so was Christianity walking in the air
The Council of Trent 1545 - 1563
Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent
The Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation
Over 18 years there will be 25 sessions
Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent
Pope Paul III (1545 – 1547) Sessions 1 – 10
Pope Julius III (1551 – 1553) Sessions 11 – 16
Pope Pius IV (1562 – 1563) Sessions 17 - 25
Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent
Sacred Scripture In matters of Faith and
morals, the Tradition of the Church together with the Bible is the source of Catholic belief
Original Sin Original sin does not
destroy human freedom and man’s ability to cooperate with grace
Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent
Symbol of Faith (Pius IV) Canonical Scriptures Original Sin & Justification Sacraments
Catholic Reformation: The Council of Trent
Seven Sacraments officially defined Eucharist – Communion Under Both Kinds, Sacrifice
of the Mass Penance And Extreme Unction Holy Orders Matrimony
“If anyone says that the sacraments of the new law were not all instituted by Jesus Christ, or that there are more or less than seven, or that any of the seven is not truly and strictly speaking a sacrament, let them be anathema (cursed, banned, condemned to hell)
The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues
The Pope is to be more careful in choosing Cardinals Why is this addressed?
Bishops are required to live in their own dioceses They are required to meet often with their
priests Having more than one diocese is strictly
forbidden Why is this addressed?
The Council of Trent: Discipline Issues
Celibacy is strictly to be enforced Those who didn’t would
be removed Why is this addressed?
Priests were to wear DISTINCTIVE GARB so they could be distinguished from laypeople
The Council of Trent: Documents
A universal catechism of Catholic beliefs will be compiled The first time that this is
done The Catechism of Trent
would be the official Catechism of the Church until 1994
The Council of Trent: Documents
One set of prayers for Mass to be said by every priest of the Latin rite…
The first change to the Missal would occur in 1962 with the addition of “St. Joseph” to the Eucharistic prayer
First change in almost 500 years
Catholic Reformation:Age of the Saints
St. Philip Neri Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier Sts. Robert Bellarmine & Charles Borromeo Sts. Teresa of Avila & John of the Cross St. Vincent de Paul
Where have we seen a stack of saints like this before???
Christendom was thus to all appearance hollowed out from within by doubt and indifference…the difference is that the sons were fanatical for the faith where the fathers had been slack about it. – Chesterton
The Age of Saints:St. Philip Neri (1515-1595)
“The 2nd Apostle of Rome” Started as teacher Engaged in prayer & works of charity Ordained a priest at 36
Organized small communities for prayer, discussion, & recreation Incarnational evangelization
GOAL: change Rome for the better, draw everyone closer to Christ, allow others to share in that joy which he himself experienced
Known for his practical jokes
The Age of Saints: Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier
St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) Radical conversion after reading lives
of the saints while recovering from battle injuries, became a soldier for Christ
Vowed life of chastity; after much prayer & study formed Society of Jesus
Ran this mission society from Rome while others were out in the world Have we seen this before??? https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=lehPjhAky6E
The Age of Saints: Sts. Ignatius of Loyola & Francis Xavier
St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552) Originally a teacher, but joined St.
Ignatius in his mission to spread the Gospel…bring back the Protestants and Muslims…
Patron of Goa, India Died off the shores of China… Give up your small dreams and
come with me to save the world… https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcuUs2USoIg
The Age of Saints: St. Charles Borromeo
St. Charles Borromeo (1538-1584) Archbishop of Milan in 1564 Instrumental at Council of Trent –
basically responsible for having written the Catechism of Trent
Spent 20 years of his life reforming the clergy and giving pastoral care to his people, zealously implementing the decrees of the Council of Trent Responsible for the modern system of
seminaries
The Age of Saints: St. Robert Bellarmine
St. Robert Bellarmine (1542-1605) Joined the Society of Jesus, ordained a priest in
1570 Taught at University in Louvain & in Rome Archbishop of Capua Proved himself a vigorous and successful
opponent of the Protestants Chief work: Disputationes de Controversiis
Christianae Fidei adversus hujus temporis Haereticos – a systematic and clear apologia for the Roman Catholic position
A new generation of Apologists… A prominent part in the production of the revised
edition of the Vulgate, Defended the temporal authority of the Pope,
though saw this power as indirect and limited – DOCTOR of CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS
The Age of Saints:Carmelite Reformers
Ancient order that had become lax during the Renaissance
Reformers of the Carmelite Order St. Teresa of Avila (1515-
1582) St. John of the Cross
(1542-1591)
The Age of Saints:Sts. Teresa & John
Teresa had lived a very lax religious life After praying before image of
Jesus scourged, she had a conversion
Sought the aid of a holy young Carmelite priest: John of the Cross
Both were persecuted by fellow Carmelites as “traitors” Brought before the Inquisition Today: they are the DOCTORS
of Prayer & Spiritual Life
The Age of Saints:St. Vincent de Paul (1581-1660)
Born a peasant France Ordained a priest in 1600 Captured by pirates in 1605
2 years a slave in Tunisia After converting his master, he went back to France
Dedicated all of his efforts to the service of the poor Lazarists (or Vincentians): priests for missionary
work Laymen to help the poor and slaves Founded Sisters of Charity, 1st congregation of
women entirely devoted to care of sick and poor.
Pope St. Pius V, Don Juan of Austria, & the Battle of Lepanto
The Defeat of Islam
Defeat of Islam
Pope St. Pius V sees this as his responsibility to help Spain Part 1 – Reform of
the Church Part 2 – Overcome
the heresy of Islam
Reconquista – 700-yr. process of expelling the Muslims from Spain
The Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain.
Battle of Lepanto – Oct. 7, 1571
Goal of Ottoman Turks: take over all of Europe Turn St. Peter’s into a mosque like Hagia
Sophia Holy League formed by Pope St. Pius V
All of Europe encouraged to pray before the Blessed Sacrament and to pray the Rosary
At the Last Gospel…There was a man sent by God and his name was John…
Don Juan of Austria leads Christian forces to an unprecedented victory
Marks the beginning of the end for Muslim conquest of Europe