BELLWORKBELLWORK• Read “The Catholic Reformation” pgs. 198-201 Read “The Catholic Reformation” pgs. 198-201

1.1.Why was the Catholic church threatened by Protestantism? Why was the Catholic church threatened by Protestantism? How did they respond to this challenge?How did they respond to this challenge?

2.2.Explain the Council of Trent. List three changes they made.Explain the Council of Trent. List three changes they made.

3.3.What did the Catholic church change about the Inquisition?What did the Catholic church change about the Inquisition?

4.4.What is What is baroque?baroque?

5.5.Who were the Jesuits? How did they spread Catholicism?Who were the Jesuits? How did they spread Catholicism?

6.6.Explain the religious divisions in Europe.Explain the religious divisions in Europe.

7.7.THINKER: What is an arranged marriage? Why did THINKER: What is an arranged marriage? Why did countries use these during the Renaissance?countries use these during the Renaissance?

Pope Paul III and the Council

of Trent

The ArtsThe Arts• Baroque:Baroque: new style of art & new style of art &

architecture that stressed architecture that stressed emotion, complexity, and emotion, complexity, and exaggeration for dramatic exaggeration for dramatic effecteffect

Review: ReformationReview: Reformation• To review over Reformation, you will To review over Reformation, you will

complete a cause/effect chart in your notes. complete a cause/effect chart in your notes. • Think of this as an overview of the unit!Think of this as an overview of the unit!• Causes Causes Why did Reformation happen? Why did Reformation happen?

Problems? Demands? New ideas?Problems? Demands? New ideas?• Effects Effects What changed because of What changed because of

Reformation? Protestantism? Calvinism? Reformation? Protestantism? Calvinism? Counter-Reformation?Counter-Reformation?

The Tudor DynastyThe Tudor DynastyEnglish Monarchs: 1485-1603 English Monarchs: 1485-1603

HENRY VIIIHENRY VIII• Henry VIII is the most controversial king in all Henry VIII is the most controversial king in all

of history.of history.• He is solely responsible for England’s He is solely responsible for England’s

separation from the Catholic Church. separation from the Catholic Church. • This break from the church was not brought on This break from the church was not brought on

by the corruption of the pope or societyby the corruption of the pope or society• ………………it was brought on by lust.it was brought on by lust.• King Henry VIII had six wives and this is their King Henry VIII had six wives and this is their

story and how it relates to a new church in story and how it relates to a new church in England.England.

HENRY VIIIHENRY VIII• Henry VII was king and had two sons – Henry and Henry VII was king and had two sons – Henry and

Arthur.Arthur.• Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir to the Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir to the

throne. throne. • Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (Spain), but died Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (Spain), but died

four months after their wedding. four months after their wedding. • Catherine said their marriage had never been Catherine said their marriage had never been

consummated and was granted an annulment from consummated and was granted an annulment from the Catholic church. the Catholic church.

• She then married the new King of England – HENRY She then married the new King of England – HENRY VIII. (Arthur’s brother) VIII. (Arthur’s brother)

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon• Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going to try for Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going to try for

their own heir to the throne – by having a son.their own heir to the throne – by having a son.• Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, and 2 sons Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, and 2 sons

that died less than a year old.that died less than a year old.• Finally, she had a child that lived!Finally, she had a child that lived!• Only problem was……….it was a girl – Mary.Only problem was……….it was a girl – Mary.• The couple continued to try, but Catherine was 40 and The couple continued to try, but Catherine was 40 and

beyond child-bearing age. beyond child-bearing age. • Henry became desperate and started an affair with Henry became desperate and started an affair with

Mary Boleyn, but she too could not conceive a child. Mary Boleyn, but she too could not conceive a child.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn • After numerous mistresses, he fell in love with Anne After numerous mistresses, he fell in love with Anne

Boleyn. (Mary’s sister/Catherine’s maid)Boleyn. (Mary’s sister/Catherine’s maid)• Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an

annulment to his marriage with Catherine.annulment to his marriage with Catherine.• This argument went on for six years. It was against This argument went on for six years. It was against

their religion and Catherine wanted to secure her their religion and Catherine wanted to secure her daughter Mary’s spot as the heir.daughter Mary’s spot as the heir.

• Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne became Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne became pregnant. pregnant.

• To avoid any questions about the child’s legitimacy, To avoid any questions about the child’s legitimacy, Henry had to act quick. Henry had to act quick.

The Break from the Catholic The Break from the Catholic ChurchChurch• His solution was to the reject the power of the His solution was to the reject the power of the

Pope in England and have Thomas Cranmer, the Pope in England and have Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury, grant the annulment. archbishop of Canterbury, grant the annulment.

• HENRY VIII then created The Church of England HENRY VIII then created The Church of England – this FOREVER changed religion.– this FOREVER changed religion.

• In his new church, he divorced Catherine, In his new church, he divorced Catherine, demoted her as queen and kicked her out of demoted her as queen and kicked her out of England.England.

• He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and she He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and she became the new Queen of England. became the new Queen of England.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn • The couple became excited for their first child that The couple became excited for their first child that

would hopefully become the heir, but………would hopefully become the heir, but………• It was a girl – ElizabethIt was a girl – Elizabeth• They kept trying, but Anne had two miscarriages.They kept trying, but Anne had two miscarriages.• The pressure was on to have a son, especially since The pressure was on to have a son, especially since

Henry VIII had shown interest in Jane Seymour. Henry VIII had shown interest in Jane Seymour. • The majority of England was unhappy with Anne’s The majority of England was unhappy with Anne’s

influence on leaving the church; so they began to influence on leaving the church; so they began to plot against her. plot against her.

Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn • In May 1536, Anne and her brother In May 1536, Anne and her brother

were arrested on charges of incest, were arrested on charges of incest, adultery and plotting against the king. adultery and plotting against the king.

• Even though the charges were false, the Even though the charges were false, the king approved of their executions.king approved of their executions.

• Before the execution, Henry declared Before the execution, Henry declared their marriage was dissolved and their marriage was dissolved and “invalid”“invalid”

• Anne was beheaded on May 19Anne was beheaded on May 19thth..

Jane SeymourJane Seymour• On the same day as Anne Boleyn’s execution, Jane On the same day as Anne Boleyn’s execution, Jane

Seymour moved in with Henry.Seymour moved in with Henry.• The two were married on May 30, 1536. The two were married on May 30, 1536.

– 11 days after Anne’s execution11 days after Anne’s execution• Two years later, Jane became pregnant.Two years later, Jane became pregnant.• Henry hoped for a boy since he considered Jane his Henry hoped for a boy since he considered Jane his

“true wife.”“true wife.”• In October 1538 a son was born!In October 1538 a son was born!• Edward was now the official heir to the throne.Edward was now the official heir to the throne.• Jane died two weeks later.Jane died two weeks later.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves• Henry stayed single for over two years due to his true Henry stayed single for over two years due to his true

love for Jane.love for Jane.• The split from Rome left England isolated, so he The split from Rome left England isolated, so he

needed the possibility of a bride to secure an alliance. needed the possibility of a bride to secure an alliance. • He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves (France) to He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves (France) to

marry his sister, Anne.marry his sister, Anne.• Immediately after their marriage, Henry wanted out.Immediately after their marriage, Henry wanted out.• She was not literate and extremely unattractive.She was not literate and extremely unattractive.• She knew there would be trouble if she didn’t agree She knew there would be trouble if she didn’t agree

with the king. Therefore, she said her marriage had with the king. Therefore, she said her marriage had never been consummated and they were divorced.never been consummated and they were divorced.

Kathryn HowardKathryn Howard• Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne, Henry Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne, Henry

took his fifth wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28, took his fifth wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28, 1540.1540.

• Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19. Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19. • Kathryn was Anne Boleyn’s cousin (Henry’s 2Kathryn was Anne Boleyn’s cousin (Henry’s 2ndnd wife) wife)• Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, the Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, the

rumors of infidelity began. rumors of infidelity began. • There was enough evidence that the queen had There was enough evidence that the queen had

been an unfaithful wife. been an unfaithful wife. • She was executed on February 13, 1542.She was executed on February 13, 1542.

The last years….The last years….• Katherine Parr became Henry’s 6Katherine Parr became Henry’s 6thth wife in July wife in July

1543.1543.• She was very close with her three stepchildren, She was very close with her three stepchildren,

Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.• Henry VIII died in January 1547. Henry VIII died in January 1547. • Edward VI, Henry’s only son (with Jane Seymour) Edward VI, Henry’s only son (with Jane Seymour)

became the new king of England, at 10 years old.became the new king of England, at 10 years old.• Unfortunately, Edward became ill and died five Unfortunately, Edward became ill and died five

years later.years later.• Who would rule England now?Who would rule England now?

Queen Mary IQueen Mary I• After Edward’s death, Henry VIII’s first daughter After Edward’s death, Henry VIII’s first daughter

(with Catherine of Aragon) ruled over England – (with Catherine of Aragon) ruled over England – Queen Mary I.Queen Mary I.

• During her ruling, Mary did something extremely During her ruling, Mary did something extremely controversial…..controversial…..

• She restored England to Roman Catholicism!!! She restored England to Roman Catholicism!!! • Many people disapproved of this, but Mary burned Many people disapproved of this, but Mary burned

any people who spoke out.any people who spoke out.• This is how she got the nickname “Bloody Mary.”This is how she got the nickname “Bloody Mary.”• Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the throne.Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the throne.• Who would rule next?Who would rule next?

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I• After Mary’s death, Henry’s last child (with Anne After Mary’s death, Henry’s last child (with Anne

Boleyn) became the new queen – Elizabeth I.Boleyn) became the new queen – Elizabeth I.• For the past two years, Elizabeth had been imprisoned For the past two years, Elizabeth had been imprisoned

after Mary accused her of heresy. after Mary accused her of heresy. • The first thing she did as queen was restore the church The first thing she did as queen was restore the church

back to Protestantism.back to Protestantism.• This becomes The Church of England, as it is today.This becomes The Church of England, as it is today.• Elizabeth I dies in 1603.Elizabeth I dies in 1603.• After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic change in After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic change in

religion…. All of Henry’s decedents had passed and religion…. All of Henry’s decedents had passed and England was ruled by James I, from a completely England was ruled by James I, from a completely different family.different family.

CLOSURECLOSURE• On a sheet of paper, summarize the On a sheet of paper, summarize the

life of HENRY VIII. life of HENRY VIII. • SUMMARIZE!!! Don’t include too SUMMARIZE!!! Don’t include too

many details.many details.• 8-10 sentences. 8-10 sentences.