Cambodia - Food and Agriculture Organization · 5 Cambodia: Forestry Statistics 2002 N/A 2002 N/A 6 Cambodia: Forestry Statistics 2004 N/A 2004 N/A 7 Cambodia: Forestry Statistics

Cambodia

GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2015

COUNTRY REPORT

Rome, 2014

FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world´s forests and theirmanagement and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country reportis prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015(FRA 2015).The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given byFAO in the document Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-au190e.pdf).These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents.

The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting thereport to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the informationcontained in this report.

FRA 2015 – Country Report, Cambodia

3

TABLE OF CONTENTSReport preparation and contact persons...............................................................................................................................41. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time? ................................................. 52. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time? ..................................................... 203. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed? .....................................................254. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time? .................................................................375. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystem services? ..................................... 476. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversity and how has it changed overtime? ................................................................................................................................................................................... 527. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species? .................................................................................. 558. How much forest area is damaged each year? ............................................................................................................ 589. What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover? ....................................................................................................6210. What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation of sustainable forest managementSFM? .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6311. Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policy development? ............................ 6512. What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has it changed over time? .................. 6613. How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the national level? ........................................ 6914. What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored? ........................................... 7115. How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publicly owned forests? .............................. 7316. What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme? .............................................7417. How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests? .....................................................................7618. Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed? ..............................................................................7819. How many people are directly employed in forestry? ................................................................................................. 8320. What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? .................................................................... 8721. What is forest area likely to be in the future ...............................................................................................................88


4

Report preparation and contact personsContact personsThe present report was prepared by the following person(s)

Name (FAMILYNAME, first name)

Institution/address Email Tables

H.E. Chea Sam Ang Forestry Administration,MAFF

[email protected] N/A

Mr. Chealy Pak Forestry Administration,MAFF

[email protected] N/A

Mr. Chivin LENG Forestry Administration,MAFF

[email protected]@yahoo.com

N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Introductory TextPlace an introductory text on the content of this report

Desk Study?

Check "yes" if this survey is a Desk Study, "no" otherwise

Desk Study? no


5

1. What is the area of forest and other wooded land and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:

• Guide for country reporting FRA 2015• FRA 2015 Terms and Definitions

1.1 Categories and definitions

Category Definition

Forest Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantlyunder agricultural or urban land use.

Other wooded land Land not classified as "Forest" spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters anda canopy cover of 5-10 percent or trees able to reach these thresholds ; or with a combined coverof shrubs bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly underagricultural or urban land use.

Other land All land that is not classified as "Forest" or "Other wooded land".

...of which with tree cover(sub-category)

Land considered as "Other land", that is predominantly agricultural or urban lands use and has patchesof tree cover that span more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees ableto reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. It includes bothe forest and non-forest tree species.

Inland water bodies Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs.

Forest expansion Expansion of forest on land that, until then, was not defined as forest.

...of which afforestation(sub-category)

Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was notdefined as forest.

...of which naturalexpansion of forest (sub-category)

Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use(e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture).

Deforestation The conversion of forest to other land use or the longterm reduction of the tree canopy cover below theminimum 10 percent threshold.

...of which humaninduced (sub-category)

Human induced conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopycover below the minimum 10 percent threshold.

Reforestation Natural regeneration or re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on landalready in forest land use.

...of which artificialreforestation (sub-category)

Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land already in forest land use.

1.2 National data

1.2.1 Data sources

References to sourcesof information

Variables Years Additional comments

1 Original data from Remotesensing

Forest cover 1992/93 1992/93 Little ground truthing toRemote Sensing Data


Forest cover 1996/97 1996/97 Little ground truthing toRemote Sensing Data

http://www.fao.org/3/a-au190e.pdf

http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf


6


Forest cover 2002 2002 Based on Remote Sensingand adequate ground truthing


Forest cover 2005 2005 Based on Remote Sensingand adequate ground truthing

5 Cambodia: Forestry Statistics2002

N/A 2002 N/A


N/A 2004 N/A


N/A 2006 N/A

1.2.2 Classification and definitions

National class Definition

2006 Evergreen forest with high cover density Forest contains usually multi-storied forests where trees keeptheir leaves during the whole year. They are always seen onhills and along the course of streams and rivers. Evergreenforests appear dark red on the satellite images with a mediumtexture. They comprise the lowland tropical rain forests, thehill evergreen forests and the dry evergreen forests. A certainpercentage of deciduous trees may be included as well and mostmoist deciduous forests may not be visible from the evergreenforests. The forest comprises of forest cover # 90% and crowncover #70%

Evergreen forest with medium and low cover density < 90% and crown cover # 20 % - < 70%" /> Forests containusually multi-storied forests where trees keep their leaves duringthe whole year. They are always seen on hills and along thecourse of streams and rivers. Evergreen forests appear dark redon the satellite images with a medium texture. They comprise thelowland tropical rain forests, the hill evergreen forests and thedry evergreen forests. A certain percentage of deciduous treesmay be included as well and most moist deciduous forests maynot be visible from the evergreen forests. The forests comprise offorest cover # 70% - < 90% and crown cover # 20 % - < 70%

Evergreen mosaic forest < 70% and crown cover # 20%" /> Forests contain usuallymulti-storied forests where trees keep their leaves during thewhole year. They are always seen on hills and along the courseof streams and rivers. Evergreen forests appear dark red onthe satellite images with a medium texture. They comprise thelowland tropical rain forests, the hill evergreen forests and thedry evergreen forests. A certain percentage of deciduous treesmay be included as well and most moist deciduous forests maynot be visible from the evergreen forests. The forests comprise offorest cover # 40% - < 70% and crown cover # 20%


7

Mixed evergreen and deciduous forest with high cover density The forests contain a variable percentage of evergreen anddeciduous trees. The percentage deciduous trees may vary fromsome 30 to some 70 percent. The variability of this class is highas it is stretching from the moist mixed deciduous forests tothe mixed deciduous and to a more humid version of the drydeciduous forests. It can not be excluded that depending on theproportion of leaf shedding trees and on the overall appearancesome parts of dry evergreen forests are mapped to this class aswell. The forest comprises of forest cover # 90% and crowncover #70%

Mixed evergreen and deciduous forest with medium and lowcover density

< 90% and crown cover # 20 % - < 70%" /> The forests containa variable percentage of evergreen and deciduous trees. Thepercentage deciduous trees may vary from some 30 to some 70percent. The variability of this class is high as it is stretchingfrom the moist mixed deciduous forests to the mixed deciduousand to a more humid version of the dry deciduous forests. Itcan not be excluded that depending on the proportion of leafshedding trees and on the overall appearance some parts of dryevergreen forests are mapped to this class as well. The forestscomprise of forest cover # 70% - < 90% and crown cover # 20 %- < 70%

Mixed mosaic forest < 70% and crown cover # 20%." /> The forests contain a variablepercentage of evergreen and deciduous trees. The percentagedeciduous trees may vary from some 30 to some 70 percent.The variability of this class is high as it is stretching from themoist mixed deciduous forests to the mixed deciduous and toa more humid version of the dry deciduous forests. It can notbe excluded that depending on the proportion of leaf sheddingtrees and on the overall appearance some parts of dry evergreenforests are mapped to this class as well. The forests comprise offorest cover # 40% - < 70% and crown cover # 20%.

Deciduous forest The forests contain the dry mixed deciduous forests and dryDipterocarp forests. Deciduous forests drop their leaves moreor less completely during the dry season. The signatures varyfrom reddish violet to yellowish brown at the end of wet season,and from brownish green to bluish grey during the dry season,with a medium to smooth texture. Human impact such as fireis usually much higher compared to other forest types. It wasnot possible to separate consistently the dry mixed deciduousforests from the dry Dipterocarp forests. Dry Dipterocarp forestshave naturally an open character. Undisturbed they may havea crown cover of only 40%. The soil and the grass layer canhave a significant impact on the reflection of these forests. It isimpossible to separate crown cover differences consistently. Theseparation to deciduous shrub-land is difficult during the wetseason and almost impossible during the dry season.

Deciduous mosaic forest < 70% and crown cover # 20%." /> The characteristic of theforests is nearly the same as Deciduous forest, just different fromthe density of forest cover and crown cover. The forest covervaries from # 40% - < 70% and crown cover # 20%.

Forest regrowth More or less dense layer of young trees belonging already to the‘forest cover’ class. The spatial texture is usually homogenous.No differentiation in density classes foreseen. General re-growthof mixed vegetation would be assigned to ‘Non-Forest Re-growth’


8

Inundated forest regrowth Forest regrowth found in the inundated areas around the TonleSap Lake was mapped as a separate class.

Inundated forest This forest type is found in Cambodia around the Tonle SapLake. Most of the forests are low and disturbed. In many casesthere is only a mosaic remaining. Degradation was often causedby charcoal production.

Mangrove forest Mangrove forests can only be found in the South Western part ofCambodia.

Forest plantation Forest plantations are often visible due to their texturesand geometric shapes, species should be assigned when theknowledge of the local conditions allows to do so, otherwise ‘0’.

Inundated mosaic forest < 70% and crown cover # 20%." /> The characteristic of theforests is nearly the same as inundated forest, just different fromthe density of forest cover and crown cover. The forest covervaries from # 40% - < 70% and crown cover # 20%.

Wood and shrubland evergreen Wood and shrub-land is a mixture of shrubs, grass and trees,the tree cover however remaining below 20 percent. This classcan be found mainly on shallow soils, on the top of mountainsunder climax conditions or as a result of non-sustainable landuse (degraded land, forest on fire frequently). The signatureremains light red during the whole year. A sub-variant of thisclass represents the re-growth of forest, i.e., growing aftershifting cultivation. There is usually a dense layer of shrubsand grass with some small trees and a significant proportion ofbamboo. Other sub-variants diversely comprise land areas, trees,shrubs, grass and small paddy fields on lowland as long as theagriculture land is not cancelled.

Bamboo Large areas of dense bamboo are usually discernible due to theirpink and orange colour and their typical texture. After the fieldtrips it was decided to map all bamboo visible into one class. Asparse bamboo coverage or small bamboo will not be discernibleand will remain in one of the classes mentioned before. Smalllots of bamboo as result of degradation of mixed deciduous orevergreen forests will also not be included in this class.

Wood and shrubland dry Wood and shrub-land is a mixture of shrubs, grass and trees,the tree cover however remaining below 20 percent. This classcan be found in the dry plains or on the plateaus of the southernpart of the L.M.B, but also on dry and sun exposed slopes. Theappearance often remains on a dry

Wood and shrubland inundated Wood and shrub-land is a mixture of shrubs, grass and trees, thetree cover however remaining below 20 percent. This class wasdefined to cover the degraded inundated areas around the TonleSap Lake. There is often a dense layer of small trees, which cannot be classified as forest.

Non forest N/A

Grassland In dry conditions grassland is displayed in bluish grey tonesduring the dry season showing a smooth texture. In the humiddomain grassland looks light red with a component of yellow towhite during the dry season.


9

< 30%" /> Mosaic of cropping where cropping area < 30% This class contains a mixture of fields actually under croppingor in various stages of fallow with shrubs and re-growth. Thepattern shows a mosaic of red, white, grey and black patches.Re-growth is found in shifting cultivation areas after the landhas been abandoned and contains also young trees. If not clearedagain, the chances of becoming forest are theoretically high.Small tree blocks can be found within this class as well, howeverthe percentage of forest blocks should be below 40%, otherwisethey would have to be classified as

30%" /> Mosaic of cropping where cropping area > 30% < 30% except for the percentage of cropping area." /> Thecharacteristic of this class is nearly the same as Mosaic ofcropping where cropping area < 30% except for the percentageof cropping area.

Agriculture land It is delineated as one class without further differentiation.It contains permanent fields, mainly paddy fields, or mixedagricultural land, as long as the agricultural component appearsto be dominant. Additional knowledge of the area is oftenrequired for a good interpretation. Permanent mixed agricultureon slopes, as occurred frequently in the Central Highlands ofVietnam is difficult to separate from shifting cultivation.

Barren land Not vegetated areas

Rock Rock

Urban area If a village can be found this class IS classified. Small villagescontain fruit trees and trees without clear boundaries. The urbanarea of the village may be done afterwards by using GIS.

Water Sea, lakes, rivers etc.

Other This class belongs to unidentified class.

Wetland Wetlands contain swamps and marshes. Due to the high watercontent the signatures are usually dark grey, in case of a grasslayer the dark tones are mixed with light red to pink tones.

N/A Forest

Evergreen forest Forest contains usually multi-storied forests where trees keeptheir leaves during the whole year. They comprise the lowlandtropical rain forests, the hill evergreen forests and the dryevergreen forests. It includes Evergreen forest classified as highcover density, medium and low density during earlier remotesensing efforts.

Semi- evergreen The forests contain a variable percentage of evergreen anddeciduous trees.. It includes mixed evergreen forest classified ashigh cover density, medium and low density and mixed mosaicforests during earlier remote sensing efforts.

Deciduous forest The forests contain the dry mixed deciduous forests and dryDipterocarp forests. It includes deciduous forest classified asdeciduous and mosaic forests during earlier remote sensingefforts.

Other forests The forests contain a variable percentage of following categoriesdefined in earlier remote sensing efforts. Forest Re-growth,Inundated forests re-growth, Inundated forests Mangrove forests,Forest Plantation, and Inundated Mosaic forests


10

Bamboo Large areas of dense bamboo are usually discernible due to theirpink and orange colour and their typical texture. After the fieldtrips it was decided to map all bamboo visible into one class. Asparse bamboo coverage or small bamboo will not be discernibleand will remain in one of the classes mentioned before. Smalllots of bamboo as result of degradation of mixed deciduous orevergreen forests will also not be included in this class.

Wood and shrub evergreen Wood and shrub-land is a mixture of shrubs, grass and trees, thetree cover however remaining below 20 percent. It representswood and shrub land evergreen category of earlier remotesensing efforts.

Wood and shrub dry This category of wood and shrub-land can be found in the dryplains or on the plateaus of the southern part of the L.M.B, butalso on dry and sun exposed slopes. It represents wood and shrubland dry category of earlier remote sensing efforts.

Non Forest It contains a variable percentage of following categories ofearlier remote sensing efforts. Grass land, Mosaic of cropping,Agriculture land, Barren land, Rock Urban Area, Water, Other,Wetland, and area that in satellite imagery were covered withCloud.

1.2.3 Original data

Forest area

Code Land CoverTypes

1992/93 1996/97 2002 2005

Area ( ha ) Area ( ha ) Area ( ha ) Area ( ha )

Forest

11 Evergreenforest withhigh coverdensity

656,582 627,219

12 Evergreenforest withmedium andlow

cover density

3254,204 3,185,603

13 Evergreenmosaic forest

131,651 178,150

3,720,507

3,668,891


11

17 Mixed evergreen anddeciduous

forest withhigh coverdensity

98,851 95,322

18 Mixed evergreen anddeciduous

forest withmedium-lowcover density

1,309,010 1,286,649

19 Mixed mosaicforest

110,103 125,331

1,455,095

1,362,638

20 Deciduousforest

4,026,133 3931,292

22 Deciduousmosaic forest

342,851 350,193

4,833,135

4,692,098

40 forestregrowth

435,353 374,178

41 Inundatedforestregrowth

21,623 20,819

52 Inundatedforest

229,093 219,896

56 Inundatedmosaic forest

98,587 94,582

1,065,706 866,811

53 Mangroveforest

77,244 72,457 31,037

54 Forestplantation

72,354 82,472 73,493

61 Wood andshrublandevergreen

558,864 544,753 96,390

65 Wood andshrublandinundated

377,401 348,959

150,017

64 Wood andshrubland dry

1,267,281 1,164,743 138,935 37,028


12

63 Bamboo 32,209 33,715 28,951 35,802

Non-forest

62 Grassland 478,486 488,919

81 Mosaic ofcroppingwherecropping area< 30%

198,908 285,227

82 Mosaic ofcroppingwherecropping area> 30%

104,428 143,756

91 Agricultureland

3,698,464 3,903,605

92 Barren land 14,973 18,022

93 Rock 2,149 2,323

94 Urban area 26,606 27,638

95 Water 446,317 469,294

96 Other 1,756 1,756

97 Wetland 87,351 83,458

99 Clouds 1,497 0,000

6,768,325

7,296,484

Grand Total 18,160,331 18,160,331 18,160,670

18,160,673

Forest expansion, reforestation

Summary of Forest Plantation(ha), 1988-2007

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

576 867 504 226 909 732 853 677 611 485


13

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

2 502 984 869 1,303 2,013 1,416 11,860 4,766 9,220

1.3 Analysis and processing of national data

1.3.1 Adjustment

Forest area

The total country area has been calibrated to match with FAOSTAT figure of 18104 (000 ha). Similarly thearea of inland water bodies has been calibrated to match FAOSTAT figure of 452 (000 ha). All differenceshave been adjusted only in the area of other lands.

1.3.2 Estimation and forecasting

Forest area

Bamboo has been grouped together with Forests as in FRA 2000. All types of wood and Shrub lands have beengrouped together as Wood and Shrub lands.

A. Segregation of 2002 and 2005 figures.

The 2002 figures provide aggregated figures for some of the categories that make it difficult to estimate andforecast and classify figures for FRA. Specifically, 2002 provides an aggregated figure of 1,065,706 ha for areaof forest regrowth, inundated forest regrowth, inundated forests, Mangrove forests, and forest plantations andinundated forest mosaic.

This figure has been segregated in following steps.

1. Forecasting 2002 area 314,288 of inundated (forests +mosaic+regrowth) based on 1992 and 19962. Forecasting 2002 area 65,277 of Mangrove forests based on 1992 and 1996 figures


14

3. Using figure 76,486 ha of productive plantations base on interpolation figures 1996 and 2005

The remainder area 609,655 ha out of 1,065,706 ha has been treated as area of forest re-growth.

The 2005 figures provides an aggregated figure of 866,811 ha for area of forest regrowth, inundated forestregrowth, inundated forests and inundated forest mosaic.

1. Forecasting 2005 area 303,783 ha of inundated (forests +mosaic+ regrowth) based on 1996 and 2002

The remainder area 563,028 ha out of 866,811 ha has been treated as area of forest re-growth.

B. Summary information for 1992, 1996, 2002 and 2005 after above steps

Area in hectaresCategories

1992 1996 2002 2005

Evergreen 4,042,435 3,990,972 3,720,507 3,668,891

Mixed 1,517,964 1,507,302 1,455,095 1,362,638

Deciduous 4,368,984 4,281,485 4,833,135 4,692,098

Bamboo 32,209 33,715 28,951 35,802

Inundated (Forest+ Re-growth+Mosaic)

349,303 335,297 314,288 303,783

Mangrove 77,244 72,457 65,277 31,037

Forest Plantation 72,354 82,472 76,486 73,493

Forest Regrowth 435,353 374,178 619,142 563,028

Total Forests 10,895,846 10,677,878 11,112,881 10,730,770

Total Wood andShrub land

2,203,546 2,058,455 288,952 133,418


15

Total Forest andOther WoodedLand

13,099,392 12,736,333 11,401,833 10,864,188

Total Other land 4,552,608 4,915,667 6,250,167 6,787,812

Inland waterbodies

452,000 452,000 452,000 452,000

Total 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000

C. Calibration of figures for certain categories of landuse

The above figures show abnormal trends in 1992 and 1996 under certain categories like “wood and shrub land”,“Deciduous forests” and “Forest Regrowth” . This is mainly due to the fact that apart for 2002 figures, verylittle ground truthing (field checking) of satellite interpreted data was done for 1992 and 1996 due to war andeconomy reasons of the country. Therefore, for the purposes of this table for “wood and shrub land” equallingthe FRA category “other wooded land” were calibrated in following manner: All the forest categories weregrouped into one than the percentage 2.5342592%of “wood and shrub land” and percentage 97.4657408% of"forest" to total of “forests” and “wood and shrub land” in 2002 were applied to respective figures in 1992and1996 to estimate “wood and shrub land” and “forests” in these years. However, in 2005 attribute table keepremaining the same.

Percentage of wood and shrubland : 2.5342592%

Categories 1992 1996 2002 2005

Forests 12767419 12413561 11,112,881 10,730,770

Wood and Shrubland

331973 322772 288,952 133,418

Total Other land 4,552,608 4,915,667 6,250,167 678,7812

Inland waterbodies

452,000 452,000 452,000 452,000

Total 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000

D. Estimation and Forecasting


16

Estimation and forecasting has been done for 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010 using linear-inter or linear-extrapolation method and with all adjustments in “Other land”.

Area in hectaresCategories

1990 2000 2005 2010

Forests 12,944,348 11,546,441 10,730,770 10,093,918

Wood and Shrubland

335,040 300,225 133,418 133,418

Other land 4,372,612 5,805,334 6,787,812 7,424,664

Inland waterbodies

452,000 452,000 452,000 452,000

Total 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000 18,104,000

For the avoiding of negative estimation in year 2010 of Wood and Shrub land, the value of 2005 will be used.

1.3.3 Reclassification

NationalCategories

Percentage allocation to FRA categories

Forests Other Woodedlands

Other land Inland Waterbodies

Forests 100

Wood and Shrubland

100

Other land 100

Inland waterbodies

100

1.4 Data


17

Table 1a

Area (000 hectares)Categories

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Forest 12944 11546 10731 10094 9457

Other wooded land 335 300 133 133 133

Other land 4373 5805 6788 7425 8062

... of which with tree cover N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Inland water bodies 452 452 452 452 452

TOTAL 18104.00 18103.00 18104.00 18104.00 18104.00

Table 1bAnnual forest establishment /loss (000 hectares per year)

...of which of introducedspecies (000 hectares per year)

Categories

1990 2000 2005 2010 1990 2000 2005 2010

Forest expansion 0 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which afforestation N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which natural

expansion of forest

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Deforestation N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which human induced N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Reforestation 0.616 0.732 5.855 5.855 N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which artificial 0.616 0.732 5.855 5.855 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tiers

Category Tier for status Tier for reported trend

Forest Tier 3 Tier 3

Other wooded land Tier 1 Tier 1

Forest expansion N/A N/A

Deforestation N/A N/A

Reforestation Tier 2 Tier 2

Tier criteria


18


• Forest• Other wooded land• Afforestation• Reforestation• Natural expansion of forest• Deforestation

Tier 3 : Data sources: Either recent(less than 10 years ago) National ForestInventory or remote sensing, with groundtruthing, or programme for repeatedcompatible NFIs Tier 2 : Data sources:Full cover mapping / remote sensing orold NFI (more than 10 years ago) Tier 1 :Other

Tier 3 : Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status) Tier 2 :Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 (tier forstatus) Tier 1 : Other

1.5 Comments

CategoryComments related todata definitions etc

Comments on the reported trends

Forest N/A The difference in forest area in FRA2000 and FRA 2005 is mainly caused bythe different definition (reclassification)and estimation process. It may also bementioned that the former definition offorest of Forestry Administration, a landis classified as forest when it has a forestcover more than 20% where as FAO'sdefinition, only 10% of forest cover isnecessary for this purpose.

Other wooded land N/A The 1992, 1996, 2002 and 2005 presentsunexplainable trends in some categorieslike "wood and shrub land", "Deciduousforests" and "Forest Re-growth" . This isattributed mainly to the fact that except for2002 and 2005 figures very little groundtruthing (field checking) of satelliteinterpreted data was done for 1992 and1996 due to war and economy reasons.Therefore, for the purposes of this tablefigures for "other wooded lands for 1990and 2000 were estimated by applyingpercentage of "other wooded land" in 2002to 1992 and 1996 data.

Other land The reason for differences in nationalfigures for total country area maybe because now the country is usingboundaries defined by its Departmentof Geography while for FRA 2000boundaries defined by MRC (MekongRiver Commission) were used. Thecalibration has been done only for thepurposes of the FRA report otherwisecountry wishes to maintain its figures fromDepartment of Geography.

N/A

Other land with tree cover N/A N/A

Inland water bodies N/A N/A

Forest expansion N/A N/A


19

Deforestation N/A N/A

Reforestation N/A N/A

Other general comments to the table

N/A


20

2. What is the area of natural and planted forest and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:



Term Definition

Naturally regeneratedforest

Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration.

Naturalized introducedspecies

Other naturally regenerated forest where the tree species are predominantly non-native and do not needhuman help to reproduce/maintain populations over time.

Introduced species A species, subspecies or lower taxon occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersalpotential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirectintroduction or care by humans).

Category Definition

Primary forest Naturally regenerated forest of native species where there are no clearly visible indications of humanactivities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.

Other naturallyregenerated forest

Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities.

...of which of introducedspecies (sub-category)

Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species.

...of which naturalized(sub-sub category)

Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of naturalized introduced species.

Planted forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding.

...of which of introducedspecies (sub-category)

Planted forest where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species.

Mangroves Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation.

...of which planted (sub-category)

Mangroves predominantly composed of trees established through planting.

2.2 National data

2.2.1 Data sources



1 World Bank, 1996. CambodiaForest Policy Assessment.Report No 15777-KH. TheWorld Bank.

Concession Areas Before 1996 N/A

2 KC. 2004. National Report tothe fifth session of the UnitedNations Forum on Forests.Kingdom of Cambodia

Concession Areas 2004 N/A




21

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



Not available FRA definitions are being used to derive the requiredinformation

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

2.2.3 Original data

The area of primary forest was estimated through GIS where the forest cover density is higher than 90% andaccess roads are not clearly visible. Area of productive plantations for 1992, 1996 and 2002 is from Question 1..

National Categories

Area (1000 hectares)

Forest Other wooded land

1992 1996 2002 2005 1992 1996 2002

Primary 755 723 322 n.a n.a. n.a. n.a.

Productiveplantations

72 83 77 74 n.a. n.a. n.a.


2.3.1 Adjustment


22


Primary forest:

The forest areas where the forest cover density is higher than 90% and access roads are not clearly visible onGIS . Since linear interpolation was providing too low figure for 2005, therefore the figure of 2002 has beenassumed for 2005 and 2010.

.

National Categories

Area (1000 hectares)

Forest Other wooded land

1990 2000 2005 2010 1990 2000 2005 2010

Primary 766 456 322 322 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Productiveplantations

67 79 74 69 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Planted forest:

Estimation for Planted forest was done for:

1990: using extrapolation of 1992-1996 figures

2000: using interpolation of 1996-2002 figures

2005: using 2005 figures directly

2010: using forecast based on 2002-2005 figures

Planted forest (1000 ha)

1990 2000 2005 2010

67 79 74 69


23

The rest of the forest area was considered as other naturally regenerated forest.


2.4 DataTable 2a

Forest area (000 hectares)Categories

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Primary forest 766 456 322 322 322

Other naturally regeneratedforest

12111 11011 10335 9703 9066

... of which of introducedspecies

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which naturalized N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Planted forest 67 79 74 69 69

... of which of introducedspecies

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL 12944.00 11546.00 10731.00 10094.00 9457.00

Table 2b

Primary forest converted to (000 ha)

1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015

Othernatural

regenerationPlanted Other land

Othernatural


Othernatural


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2c

Area (000 hectares)Categories

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Mangroves (forest and OWL) 80 68 62 56 50

... of which planted N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tiers



24

Primary forest Tier 1 Tier 1

Other naturally regenerated forest Tier 1 Tier 1

Planted forest Tier 1 Tier 1

Mangroves Tier 1 Tier 1

Tier Criteria


Primary forest/Other naturally regeneratedforest/Planted forest

Tier 3 : Data sources: Recent (less than10 years) National Forest Inventory orremote sensing with ground truthing ordata provided by official agencies orprogramme for repeated compatible NFIsTier 2 : Data sources: Full cover mapping/remote sensing or old NFI (more than 10years) Tier 1 : Other


2.5 Comments


Comments on reported trend

Primary forest N/A Some parts of primary forest are disturbedby human activities; therefore, the primaryforest area is reduced.

Other naturally regenerating forest N/A N/A

Planted forest All the planted forest area are consideredas rubber plantation.

N/A

Mangroves N/A N/A


N/A


25

3. What are the stocks and growth rates of the forests and how have they changed?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Growing stock Volume over bark of all living trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (or abovebuttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level up to a top diameter of 0 cm,excluding branches.

Net Annual Increment(NAI)

Average annual volume of gross increment over the given reference period less that of natural losses onall trees, measured to minimum diameters as defined for "Growing stock".

Above-ground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.

Below-ground biomass All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because these often cannotbe distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.

Dead wood All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter either standing lying on the ground or in thesoil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface dead roots and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cmin diameter or any other diameter used by the country.

Carbon in above-groundbiomass

Carbon in all living biomass above the soil including stem stump branches bark seeds and foliage.

Carbon in below-groundbiomass

Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded because theseoften cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter.

Carbon in dead wood Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground,or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots and stumps larger than or equalto 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country.

Carbon in litter Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g.10 cm ) lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil.

Soil carbon Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a soil depth of 30 cm.

3.2 National data

3.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A No information is availableexcept from growing stockper hectare estimates from anold FAO inventory.

2 FAO. 2008. Guidelinesfor Country Reporting toFRA 2005. Global ForestResources Assessment 2010

N/A N/A Biomass conversion andexpansion factor (BCEF)and root-shoot ratio fromAppendix 5 FRA guidelines

3 FAO. 2008. Guidelinesfor Country Reporting toFRA 2005. Global ForestResources Assessment 2010

N/A N/A Carbon conversion factor of0.47




26

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



Growing stock No information on national definitions or classes is available.

Biomass stock Not available

Carbon stock Not available

N/A N/A

3.2.3 Original data

Growing stock

Estimate of per hectare growing stock for three major forest types (evergreen, Mixed and Deciduous) areonly available from old FAO supported inventory and no new estimates are available. (Email of National

Correspondent of December 18 th , 2005).

National class Growing Stock (m 3 /ha)

Evergreen forest with high cover density 230

Evergreen forest with medium and low coverdensity

165 (average of 230 and 100)

Evergreen mosaic forest 100

Mixed evergreen and deciduous forest with highcover density


Mixed evergreen and deciduous forest withmedium and low cover density


Mixed mosaic forest 50 (average of 40 and 60)

Deciduous forest 60

Deciduous mosaic forest 60 (assumed same as deciduous)

Forest regrowth Not considered


27

Inundated forest regrowth Not considered

Inundated forest 20

Mangrove forest 20

Forest plantation

Inundated mosaic forest 20

Bamboo 20

Wood and shrub land evergreen Data not available

Wood and shrub land dry Data not available

Wood and shrub land inundated Data not available

Biomass stock

No national data on biomass were available so IPCC default values were applied to the growing stock.

Carbon stock

No original data on carbon were available, so the carbon conversion factor of 0.47 recommended in the FRAguidelines has been applied to the biomass.


3.3.1 Adjustment

Growing stock

This step is not necessary as area estimates are taken from Question 1.


Growing stock

Weighted Growing stock per hectare for three major forest types


28

ForestTypes Area (ha) GS/ha Volume (m3) Weighted GS/ha

A. Evergreen

For 1992

Evergreen Dense 656,582 230 151,013,860

EvergreenDisturbed

3,254,202 165 536,943,330

Evergreen Mosaic 131,651 100 13,165,100

Total 4,042,435 701,122,290 173.44

For 1996

Evergreen Dense 627,219 230 144,260,370

EvergreenDisturbed

3,185,603 165 525,624,495

Evergreen Mosaic 178,150 100 17,815,000

Total 3,990,972 687,699,865 172.31

B. Mixed

For 1992

Mixed Dense 98,851 145 14,333,395

Mixed Disturbed 1,309,010 80 104,720,800

Mixed Mosaic 110,103 50 5,505,150

Total 1,517,964 124,559,345 82.06

For 1996

Mixed Dense 95,322 145 13,821,690

Mixed Disturbed 1,286,649 80 102,931,920

Mixed Mosaic 125,331 50 6,266,550

Total 1,507,302 123,020,160 81.62

C. Deciduous 60.00


29

D. Inundated, Mangrove and Bamboo Forests 20.00

B. Weighted Growing stock per hectare for Plantations

The estimates for growing stock of plantations are not available. Therefore following method has been followed.

• Grouping plantation area by species and age

Information about area by age of plantations is totally only for 43,000 ha from combination of

country information collected for FRA 2000 ( More than 40 year and about 20 year) with table5.2.3 (1990 to2007). An average net MAI of about 1 cubic meter/ha/annum is being assumed for net area under plantationsto estimate weighted GS/ha in plantations. Further, it is assumed that the estimated weighted average will beapplicable to all the forest areas under plantations.

Category by ageof (forest species)plantations

Area

000 ha

Assumed GS/ha Volume

(000 cubm)

Weighted GS/ha

More than 40years

3 40 120

About 20 years 2 20 40

Less than 20 38 10 380

Total 43 540 13

C. Weighted Growing Stock per hectare of “forests”

The percentage composition of forests in 2002 has been used to calculate following weighted average of growingstock of forests per ha in 1992 and 1996 because only 2002 provide figures with reasonable ground verification.


30

1992 1996 Type offorests

Percentage

Composition

(2002)

GS/ha

Weighted

GS/ha

GS/ha

Weighted

GS/ha

Evergreen 33.48 173.44 172.31

Mixed 13.09 82.06 81.62

Deciduous 43.49 60 60

Bamboo 0.26 20 20

Inundated(Forest+Mosaic+Regrowth)

2.83 20 20

Mangrove 0.59 20 20

ForestPlantation

0.69 20 20

ForestRegrowth

5.57 20 20

TotalForests

100.00 96.89 96.46

D. Weighted Growing Stock per ha of forests for FRA reference years

Weighted Growing Stock cubic meter per hectareCategory

1992 1996 1990 2000 2005 2010

Growingstock per hain Forests

96.89 96.46 97.11 96.03 95.49 94.96

D. Estimation of Growing Stock and Commercial Growing Stock


31

Variable Unit 1990 2000 2005 2010

Forest Area 000 ha 12,944 11,546 10,731 10,094

GS/ha cubic meter per ha

97 96 95 95

GrowingStock

million cubicmeter

1,257 1,109 1,025 959

Biomass stock

Above ground biomass:

Following recommendations from FRA guidelines the following assumptions and calculations have been made:

From appendix 5, table 5.4 pag 6 of the FRA guidelines and considering an ecological zone corresponding tothe mostly tropical dry forest (open deciduous forest) the biomass conversion and expansion factor (BCEF) of0.66 have been applied to the growing stock:

Above ground biomass=growing stock*BCEF

1990= 1257 m3*0.66 t/m3= 830 t

2000= 1109 m3*0.66 t/m3= 732 t

2005= 1025 m3*0.66 t/m3= 676 t

2010= 959 m3*0.66 t/m3= 633 t

Below ground biomass :

From appendix 5, table 5.3 pag 5 of the FRA guidelines, considering an above ground biomass>20t/ha and atropical dry forest biome, the root-shoot ratio of 0.56 has been chosen.

1990= 830 m3*0.56 t/m3= 465 t

2000= 732 m3*0.56 t/m3= 410 t

2005= 676 m3*0.56 t/m3= 379 t

2010= 633 m3*0.56 t/m3= 354 t

Carbon stock


32

The soil carbon is estimated from the forest area multiply by the HAC soils of Tropical, dry (38) found in Table5.10 FRA Guidelines.


Growing stock

This step is not necessary.

3.4 DataTable 3a

Growing stock volume (million m 3 over bark)

Forest Other wooded landCategory

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Totalgrowingstock

1257 1109 1025 959 893 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... ofwhichconiferous

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... ofwhichbroadleaved


Table 3b

Category/Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters)

Rank Scientific name Common name 1990 2000 2005 2010

1 st Dipterocarpusdyeri

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 nd Dipterocarpuscostatus

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 rd Dipterocarpusalatus

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 th Anisopteracochinchinenesis

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

5 th Tarritia javanica N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

6 th Anisopteracostata, Korth

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

7 th Hopea pierrei N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A


33

8 th Dipterocarpusobtusifolius

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

9 th Dipterocarpustuberculatus

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

10 th Dipterocarpusintricatus

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Remaining N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL .00 .00 .00 .00

THE PRE-FILLED VALUES FOR GROWING STOCK REFER TO THE FOLLOWINGTHRESHOLD VALUES (SEE TABLE BELOW)

Item Value Complementary information

Minimum diameter (cm) at breast heightof trees included in growing stock (X)

N/A N/A

Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end ofstem for calculation of growing stock (Y)

N/A N/A

Minimum diameter (cm) of branchesincluded in growing stock (W)

N/A N/A

Volume refers to above ground (AG) orabove stump (AS)

N/A N/A

PLEASE NOTE THAT THE DEFINITION OF GROWING STOCK HAS CHANGED AND SHOULDBE REPORTED AS GROWING STOCK DBH 10 CM INCLUDING THE STEM FROM GROUNDLEVEL UP TO A DIAMETER OF 0 CM, EXCLUDING BRANCHES.

Table 3c

Net annual increment (m 3 per hectare and year)

ForestCategory

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Net annualincrement

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of whichconiferous

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of whichbroadleaved

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Table 3d

Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight)


1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015


34

Abovegroundbiomass

830 732 676 633 590 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Belowgroundbiomass

465 410 379 354 329 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Deadwood


TOTAL 1295.00 1142.00 1055.00 987.00 919.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

Table 3e

Carbon (Million metric tonnes)


1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Carbonin abovegroundbiomass

390 344 318 298 278 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Carbonin belowgroundbiomass

219 193 177 166 155 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

SubtotalLivingbiomass

609 537 495 464 433 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Carbonin deadwood


Carbonin litter


SubtotalDeadwoodand litter


Soilcarbon

492 439 408 384 360 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL 1101.00 976.00 903.00 848.00 793.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

Tiers

Variable/category Tier for status Tier for trend

Total growing stock Tier 1 Tier 1

Net annual increment N/A N/A

Above ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1


35

Below ground biomass Tier 1 Tier 1

Dead wood N/A N/A

Carbon in above-ground biomass Tier 1 N/A

Carbon in below ground biomass Tier 1 N/A

Carbon in dead wood and litter N/A N/A

Soil carbon Tier 1 Tier 1

Tier criteria


Total growing stock Tier 3: Data sources Recent 10 yearsNational Forest Inventory or remotesensing with ground truthing orprogramme for repeated compatible NFI10 years Domestic volume functions Tier2: Data sources/registers and statisticsmodelling or old NFI 10 years or partialfield inventory Tier 1: Other data sources

Tier 3: Estimate based on repeatedcompatible tiers 3 (tier for status)Domestic growth functions Tier 2:Estimate based on repeated compatible tier2 or combination tier 3 and 2 or 1 tier forstatus Tier 1: Other

Net annual increment Tier 3: Scientifically tested nationalvolume and growth functions Tier 2:Selection of volume and growth functionsas relevant as possible Tier 1: Other

Tier 3: Confirmation/adjustment offunctions used through scientific workTier 2: Review work done to seekalternative functions Tier: 1 Other

Biomass Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-national biomass conversion expansionfactors applied or other domestic orotherwise nationally relevant biomassstudies Tier 2: Application of countryspecific national or sub-national biomassconversion factors from other countrywith similar climatic conditions and foresttypes Tier 1: International/regional defaultbiomass expansion factors applied


• Carbon in above ground biomass• Carbon in below ground biomass• Carbon in dead wood and litter• Soil carbon

Tier 3: Country-specific national or sub-national biomass conversion expansionfactors applied Tier 2: Applicationof country specific national or sub-national biomass conversion factorsform from other country with similarclimatic conditions and forest types Tier1: International/regional default biomassexpansion factors applied


3.5 Comments on growing stock biomass and carbon


Comments on the reported trend

Total growing stock N/A N/A


36

Growing stock of broadleaved coniferous N/A N/A

Growing stock composition N/A N/A

Net annual increment N/A N/A

Above-ground biomass N/A N/A

Below-ground biomass N/A N/A

Dead wood N/A N/A

Carbon in above-ground biomass N/A N/A

Carbon in below-ground biomass N/A N/A

Carbon in dead wood N/A N/A

Carbon in litter N/A N/A

Soil carbon N/A N/A


N/A


37

4. What is the status of forest production and how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:



Term Definition

Primary designatedfunction

The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legalprescription documented decision of the landowner/manager or evidence provided by documentedstudies of forest management practices and customary use.

Non wood forest product(NWFP)

Goods derived from forests that are tangible and physical objects of biological origin other than wood.

Commercial value ofNWFP

For the purpose of this table, value is defined as the commercial market value at the forest gate.

Category Definition

Production forest Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forestproducts.

Multiple use forest Forest area designated for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as thepredominant designated function.

Total wood removals The total of industrial round wood removals and woodfuel removals.

...of which woodfuel The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for industrial, commercial ordomestic use.

4.2 National data

4.2.1 Data sources







3 Royal Decree, 1993.Government of Cambodia

Protected Area 1993 N/A



5 Original GIS data source Protected Areas N/A N/A

6 Gov't Sub Degree Protected Forest N/A N/A




38

7 Law on Forestry N/A 2002 N/A



Permanent Forest Estate Consist of Permanent Forest Reserves and Private Forests

Permanent Forest Reserves Consist of Production forest, Protection Forest and ConversionForestland for other Development Purpose Note: ConversionForest land for other development purpose is idle land,comprised mainly of secondary vegetation, not yet designatedfor use by any sector that shell be classified as Permanent ForestReveres until the Royal Government decide to use and developthe land for anther purpose

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

4.2.3 Original data

A. Concession Areas (Production Areas)

These are identified for promoting forest based development and are considered as production forests as definedby FRA. The area of forest under concession prior to 1994 (World Bank, 1996) and in 1996 was about 2.244million hectares and 6.464 million hectares respectively. Since 1999, fifteen (15) forest concession have beencancelled to ensure the sustainability of forests, the area has reduced to about 3.374 million hectares (KC, 2004).

B. Protection Areas and Protected Forest

Area (1000 ha)Types ofProtectedForest andProtectedArea

Name (Year)

Royal Decree1993

Royal Decree2004

Gov't SubDegree2004

GIS Data

WatershedProtection

Kbal Chay(1997)

0 6 6


39

CentralCardamom(2002)

0 401 401 WatershedandBiodiversity

Conservation SouthernCardamom(2004)

0 144 144

Zoo Phnom TaMoa (1997)

0 1 2

Seima FA(2004)

0 305 298

PreahVihear_FA(2002)

0 190 190

Mondul Kirri(2002)

0 429 429

BiodiversityConservation

OyadavProtectedForest forRecreationSport GameHunting(2009)

101 101

Ang TrapengThmor (2000)

13 0 13 BirdConservation

Beoung PrekLpov(2007)

0 0 8 8

Virachey(1993)

333 333 0 338

Phnom Kulen(1993)

38 38 0 38

Botum Sakor(1993)

171 171 0 183

Kirirom(1993)

35 35 0 28

Phnom Bokor(1993)

140 140 0 142

Ream (1993) 21 21 0 15

National

Park* 1

Kep (1993) 5 5 0 7


40

KulenPromtep(1993)

403 403 0 407

Lomphat(1993)

250 250 0 251

Beng Per(1993)

243 243 0 249

Phnom Prich(1993)

223 223 0 222

Phnom NamLyr (1993)

48 48 0 54

PhnomSamkos(1993)

334 334 0 331

Phnom Aural(1993)

254 254 0 257

Snoul (1993) 75 75 0 74

Peam Krasop(1993)

24 24 0 25

Wildlife

Sanctuary* 1

Roniem DaunSam (1993)

179 40 0 40

Preah Vihear(1993)

5 5 0 5

BanteayChhmar(1993)

81 81 0 82

Protected

Landscape* 1

Angkor(1993)

11 11 0 14

Tonle Sap( 1993)

316 316 0 322

Samlaut(1993)

60 60 0 60

MultipleLanduse*

Dong Peng(1993)

28 28 0 29

Total 3277

3151

1585 4765


41

The differences between the area in Royal Decree and the area in GIS data caused by the boundaries and areaof the protected areas were drawn and calculated by hand

and then were transferred into GIS format in 1997. All figures are processed based on forest cover data andprotected area data through GIS spatial analysis with resolution 50 meters grid cell.

* The area in Protected Area was stated by Royal Degree 1993


4.3.1 Adjustment


A. Concession Areas

It is assumed that figure 2.244 million ha of areas under concession prior to 1994 reflects the state in 1990.The figure 4.919 million ha for 2000 has been derived by linear interpolation of 1996 figure of 6.464 millionha and 2004 figure 3.374 million ha. The figure for 2004 is assumed for 2005. The 2006 figure 3.374 millionha is assumed for 2010.

B. Protection of Soil and Water

The area of 551,000 ha specifically designated for watershed conservation in 1997, 2002 and 2004 areconsidered as area under protection for soil and water in 2010.

C. Multiple Purposes

Area of about 404,000 ha designated for multiple land use since 1993 (and before) is being considered as areaunder multiple purposes for 1990, 2000 and 2005 and 2010.

D. Social Services


42

Area of about 97,000 ha of designated for protected landscapes since 1993 (and before) is being considered asarea under social services for 1990, 2000 and 2005 and 2010.

E. Conservation of Biodiversity

Since this is the largest proportion of the protected areas, the calibration from the original data to the actual sizeof 4,735 million ha in 2004 is done through reduction of Royal degree and Gov't sub-degree classes.

The figure 3,277,000 ha( 97,000 ha under Social Services and 404,000ha under multiple purposes wereincluded) of areas under “Protection areas” in 1993 is assumed for 1990.The figure 4,735,000 ha ( 404,000 haunder multiple land use,97,000 ha under Social Services and 551,000 ha under protection to soil and water wereincluded) of protected forest and protected areas for 2004 are assumed for 2005. The figure 3,381,000 ha for2000 is derived by linear interpolation of above derived figures for 1990 and 2005. The figure 3,985,000 ha for2010 is derived by linear interpolation of above derived figures for 2000 and 2005.


Primary Function

Forest Production Protectionof Soil andWater

ConservationofBiodiversity

SocialService

MultiplePurpose

No orUnknownFunction

ConcessionAreas

100%

WatershedProtection

100%

Zoo,BiodiversityConservation,

CraneConservation,NationalPark,

WildlifeSanctuary

100%


43

ProtectedLandscape

100%

MultipleLanduse

100%

Unknown 100%

4.4 DataTable 4a


1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Production forest 2244 4919 3374 3374 3374

Multiple useforest

404 404 404 404 404

Table 4b

Rank Name of product Key species

Commercial valueof NWFP removals

2010 (value 1000local currency)

NWFP category

1 st N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 nd N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 rd N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 th N/A N/A N/A N/A







TOTAL .00

2010


44

Name of local currency N/A

Category

Plant products / raw material

1 Food

2 Fodder

3 Raw material for medicine and aromatic products

4 Raw material for colorants and dyes

5 Raw material for utensils handicrafts construction

6 Ornamental plants

7 Exudates

8 Other plant products

Animal products / raw material

9 Living animals

10 Hides skins and trophies

11 Wild honey and beewax

12 Wild meat

13 Raw material for medicine

14 Raw material for colorants

15 Other edible animal products

16 Other non-edible animal products

Table 4c Pre-filled data from FAOSTAT

FRA 2015 category (1000 m 3 u.b.)Year

Total wood removals ...of which woodfuel

1990 11795.2 11228.23

1991 11916.5 11176.52

1992 11842.8 11107.76


45

1993 11756.8 11061.84

1994 12056.6 11097.63

1995 12026.6 10986.63

1996 11863.1 10823.08

1997 11807.7 10767.75

1998 11560.5 10520.54

1999 11236.6 10315.64

2000 10298.4 10119.41

2001 10047.3 9924.32

2002 9862.3 9737.33

2003 9683 9558.05

2004 9511.1 9386.08

2005 9334.1 9221.07

2006 9165.6 9052.64

2007 9009 8891

2008 8853.4 8735.4

2009 8704 8586.01

2010 8525.2 8442.34

2011 8614.3 8442.34

Tiers


Production forest Tier 1 Tier 1

Multiple use forest Tier 1 Tier 1

Tier Criteria



46

Production forest Multiple use forest Tier 3: Updated including fieldverifications national forest mapsincluding functions Tier 2: Forest mapsolder than 6 years including forestfunctions Tier 1: Other


4.5 Comments



Production forest N/A N/A

Multiple use forest N/A Multiple use is under jurisdiction ofMinistry of Environment.

Total wood removals N/A N/A

Commercial value of NWFP N/A N/A


N/A


47

5. How much forest area is managed for protection of soil and water and ecosystemservices?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Protection of soil andwater

Forest area designated or managed for protection of soil and water

...of which productionof clean water (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed for water production, where most human uses are excludedor heavily modified to protect water quality.

...of which coastalstabilization (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed for coastal stabilization.

...of which desertificationcontrol (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed for desertification control.

...of which avalanchecontrol (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed to prevent the development or impact of avalanches onhuman life assets or infrastructure.

...of which erosion, floodprotection or reducingflood risk (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed for protecting communities or assets from the impacts oferosion riparian floods and landslides or for providing flood plain services.

...of which other (sub-category)

Forest area primarily designated or managed for other protective functions.

Ecosystem services,cultural or spiritual values

Forest area primarily designated or managed for selected ecosystem services or cultural or spiritualvalues.

...of which publicrecreation (sub-category)

Forest area designated or managed for public recreation.

...of which carbon storageor sequestration (sub-category)

Forest area designated or managed for carbon storage or sequestration.

...of which spiritual orcultural services (sub-category)

Forest area designated or managed for spiritual or cultural services.

...of which other (sub-category)

Forest area designated or managed for other ecosystem services.

5.2 National data

5.2.1 Data sources



1 Royal Decree, 1993 and2004. Government ofCambodia

Protected area 1993-2004 N/A




48

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

5.2.3 Original data

Protection Areas and Protected Forest

Area (1000 ha)Types ofProtectedForest andProtectedArea

Name (Year)

Royal Decree1993

Royal Decree2004

Gov't SubDegree2004

GIS Data

WatershedProtection

Kbal Chay(1997)

0 6 6

CentralCardamom(2002)

0 401 401 WatershedandBiodiversity

Conservation SouthernCardamom(2004)

0 144 144



49

5.3.1 Adjustment



5.4 DataTable 5a


1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Protection of soiland water

11589 10320 9591 9022 8449

... of whichproduction ofclean water

0 6 551 551 551

... of whichcoastalstabilization

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of whichdesertificationcontrol

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of whichavalanchecontrol

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of whicherosion, floodprotection orreducing floodrisk

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

... of which other(please specifyin commentsbelow the table)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Other

Area for protection of soil and water was estimated using natural forest area *.9

Table 5b

Categories Forest area (1000 hectares)


50

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Ecosystem services,cultural or spiritualvalues

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

...of which publicrecreation

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

...of whichcarbon storage orsequestration

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

...of which spiritualor cultural services

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

...of which other(please specify incomments belowthe table)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tiers

Category Tier for reported trend Tier for status

Protection of soil and water Tier 1 Tier 1

Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritualvalues

N/A N/A

Tier criteria


Protection of soil and water Tier 3: High reliability data derived eitherfrom high intensity sample survey or dataobtained from national or state agenciesresponsible for regulations or legislationrelating to soil and water protection. Tier2: Approaches based on low intensityor incomplete sample-based surveys orstudies that provide data for specific areasthat is extrapolated through statisticalanalysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:Other


• Cultural or spiritual values• Public recreation• Spiritual or cultural services• Other

Tier 3: High reliability data derivedeither from high intensity sample surveyor data obtained from national or stateagencies responsible for regulations. Tier2: Approaches based on low intensityor incomplete sample-based surveys orstudies that provide data for specific areasthat is extrapolated through statisticalanalysis to national level estimates. Tier 1:Other


5.5 Comments




51

Protection of soil and water N/A N/A

Production of clean water N/A Protection of soil and water is underjurisdiction of Forestry Administrationof Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry andFisheries.

Coastal stabilization N/A N/A

Desertification control N/A N/A

Avalanche control N/A N/A

Erosion, flood protection or reducing floodrisk

N/A N/A

Other protective functions N/A N/A

Ecosystem services, cultural or spiritualvalues

N/A N/A

Public recreation N/A N/A

Carbon storage or sequestration N/A N/A

Spiritual or cultural services N/A N/A

Other ecosystem services N/A N/A


N/A


52

6. How much forest area is protected and designated for the conservation of biodiversityand how has it changed over time?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Conservation ofbiodiversity

Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited toareas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas.

Forest area withinprotected areas

Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which theprotected areas were established.

6.2 National data

6.2.1 Data sources












N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

6.2.3 Original data

See 4.2.3.




53


6.3.1 Adjustment


See 4.3.2.

E. Conservation of Biodiversity

Since this is the largest proportion of the protected areas, the calibration from the original data to the actual sizeof 4,735 million ha in 2004 is done through reduction of Royal degree and Gov't sub-degree classes.

The figure 3,277,000 ha( 97,000 ha under Social Services and 404,000ha under multiple purposes wereincluded) of areas under “Protection areas” in 1993 is assumed for 1990.The figure 4,735,000 ha ( 404,000 haunder multiple land use,97,000 ha under Social Services and 551,000 ha under protection to soil and water wereincluded) of protected forest and protected areas for 2004 are assumed for 2005. The figure 3,381,000 ha for2000 is derived by linear interpolation of above derived figures for 1990 and 2005. The figure 3,985,000 ha for2010 is derived by linear interpolation of above derived figures for 2000 and 2005.


See 4.3.3

6.4 DataTable 6


1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Conservation ofbiodiversity

2776 3381 3683 3985 4287

Forest areawithin protectedareas

3277 3184 3138 3092 3092

Tiers


Conservation of biodiversity Tier 1 Tier 1


54

Forest area within protected areas Tier 1 Tier 1

Tier criteria


• Conservation of biodiversity• Forests within protected areas

Tier 3: Data obtained from national orstate agencies responsible for conservationand protected area or legislation relatingto area protection. Tier 2: Studies thatprovide data for specific areas that isextrapolated through statistical analysis tonational level estimates Tier 1 Other


6.5 Comments



Conservation of biodiversity N/A Conservation of biodiversity responsibleby two institutes are protected forest andprotected area. Protected forest is underjurisdiction of Forestry Administrationof Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry andFisheries and protected area is underjurisdiction of Ministry of Environment

Forest area within protected areas N/A N/A


N/A


55

7. What is the area of forest affected by woody invasive species?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Invasive species Species that are non-native to a particular ecosystem and whose introduction and spread cause, or arelikely to cause, socio-cultural, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

7.2 National data

7.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

7.2.3 Original data


7.3.1 Adjustment




56



7.4 DataTable 7

Forest area affected (000 ha)Scientific name of

woody invasive species2005 2010

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

Total N/A N/A

Tiers


Invasive species N/A N/A

Tier Criteria



57

Invasive species Tier 3: Systematic assessment in forestinventory or other survey (e.g. byconservation department) within the last5 years) Tier 2: Systematic assessment inforest inventory or other survey (e.g. byconservation department conducted morethan 5 years ago) Tier 1: Other


7.5 Comments



Invasive species N/A N/A


N/A


58

8. How much forest area is damaged each year?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Number of fires Number of fires per year

Burned area Area burned per year

Outbreaks of insects A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful insects.

Outbreaks of diseases A detectable reduction in forest health caused by a sudden increase in numbers of harmful pathogens,such as bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or virus.

Severe weather events Damage caused severe weather events, such as snow, storm, drought, etc.

8.2 National data

8.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

8.2.3 Original data




59


8.3.1 Adjustment



8.4 DataTable 8a

000 ha, number of fires

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Category

000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha #

Totalland areaburned

1031.26 N/A 1691.61 N/A 1308.53 N/A 1067.24 N/A 1475.61 N/A

... ofwhichforestareaburned

155.37 N/A 83.23 N/A 153.36 N/A 143.69 N/A 316.6 N/A

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Category

000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha # 000 ha #

Totalland areaburned

1129.73 N/A 880.78 N/A 592.85 N/A 1162.9 N/A 252.44 N/A

... ofwhichforestareaburned

189.28 N/A 243.65 N/A 22.35 N/A 50.83 N/A 14.6 N/A

Table 8b

Outbreak category Description/name Year(s) of latest outbreak Area damaged (000 hectares)

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A


60

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Outbreak category

1 Insects

2 Diseases

3 Severe weather events

Tiers

Category Tier for status Tier for trend

Area affected by fire Tier 2 Tier 2

• Insects• Diseases• Severe weather events

N/A N/A

Tier criteria


Burned area Tier 3 : National fire monitoring routinesTier 2 : Remote sensing surveys Tier 1 :Other


• Insects• Diseases• Severe weather events

Tier 3 : Systematic survey (e.g. viainventory or aerial damage assessment)Tier 2 : Management records Tier 1 :Other


8.5 Comments




61

Burned area FAO provided data from remote sensingwas used

FAO provided data from remote sensingwas used

Insects N/A N/A

Diseases N/A N/A

Severe weather events N/A N/A


N/A


62

9. What is the forest area with reduced canopy cover?Documents for this question:


Category Definition

Reduction in canopycover

Forest that has undergone a reduction of canopy cover of more than 20% between the years 2000 and2010 within the forest canopy cover range of 30-80% as detected by the MODIS VCF sensor.

Table 9

Category Area of forest with reduced canopy cover (000 ha)


5093.44

Tiers

Category Tier for reported trend


Tier 2

Tier criteria

Category Tier for reported trend


Tier 3 : Remote sensing with ground truthing and/or Landsat imagery Tier 2 : Remote sensing usingModis (using pre-filled data provided by FAO) Tier 1 : Expert opinion

Comments

Category Comments related to data definitions etc


N/A

Other general comments




63

10. What forest policy and regulatory framework exists to support implementation ofsustainable forest management SFM?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Policies supportingsustainable forestmanagement

Policies or strategies that explicitly encourage sustainable forest management.

Legislation andregulations supportingsustainable forestmanagement

Legislation and regulations that govern and guide sustainable forest management, operations and use.

10.2 National data

10.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

10.2.3 Original data

10.3 Data




64

Table 10

Sub-nationalCategoryNational

Regional Provincial/State Local

Policies supportingsustainable forestmanagement

yes no no no

... of which, in publiclyowned forests

yes no no no

... of which, in privatelyowned forests

no no no no

Legislation andregulations supportingsustainable forestmanagement

yes no no no

... of which, in publiclyowned forests

yes no no no

... of which, in privatelyowned forests

no no no no

10.4 Comments

Variable / category Comments related to data definitions etc

Policies supporting sustainable forest management N/A

Legislation and regulations supporting sustainable forestmanagement

N/A



65

11. Is there a national platform that promotes stakeholder participation in forest policydevelopment?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

National stakeholderplatform

A recognized procedure that a broad range of stakeholders can use to provide opinions, suggestions,analysis, recommendations and other input into the development of national forest policy.

11.2 National data

11.2.1 Data sources

References to sources of information Years Additional comments

1 N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A

Table 11Is there a national platform that promotes or allows forstakeholder participation in forest policy development?

no

11.3 Comments


National stakeholder platform N/A





66

12. What is the forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use and how has itchanged over time?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Forest area intended to bein permanent forest landuse

Forest area that is designated or expected to be retained as forest and is highly unlikely to be convertedto other land use.

...of which permanentforest estate (sub-category)

Forest area that is designated by law or regulation to be retained as forest and may not be converted toother land use.

12.2 National data

12.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



Permanent Forest Estate Consist of Permanent Forest Reserves and Private Forests

Permanent Forest Reserves Consist of Production forest, Protection Forest and ConversionForestland for other Development Purpose Note: ConversionForest land for other development purpose is idle land,comprised mainly of secondary vegetation, not yet designatedfor use by any sector that shell be classified as Permanent ForestReveres until the Royal Government decide to use and developthe land for anther purpose

N/A N/A

N/A N/A




67


See 4.2.3.


12.3.1 Adjustment


See 4.3.2


12.4 DataTable 12

Categories Forest area 2010 (000 ha)

Forest area intended to be in permanentforest land use

10094

... of which permanent forest estate 10094

Tiers

Category Tier for status

Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use Tier 2

Permanent forest estate Tier 2

Tier Criteria


Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use Tier 3 : National or sub-national land use plans strategydocuments or other reports within the past 10 years Tier 2 :National or sub-national land use plans strategy documents orother reports within the past 20 years Tier 1 : Other

Permanent forest estate Tier 3 : National or sub-national land use plans strategydocuments or other reports within the past 10 years Tier 2 :National or sub-national land use plans strategy documents orother reports within the past 20 years Tier 1 : Other


68

12.5 Comments


Forest area intended to be in permanent forest land use N/A

Permanent forest estate N/A



69

13. How does your country measure and report progress towards SFM at the nationallevel?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Forest area monitoredunder a national forestmonitoring framework

Forest area monitored by a national monitoring framework or systems that provide measurement basedperiodic monitoring of forest extent and quality.

Forest reporting atnational scale

National reporting of forest extent and characteristics that includes some measure of progress towardsustainable forest management.

13.2 National data

13.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

13.3 DataTable 13a




70

Check all boxes that apply

Category% of totalforest area

Mostrecent year

Continuous PeriodicPermanent

groundplots

Temporaryground

plots

Aerial/remotesensingsamplebased

Aerial/remote

sensing fullcoverage

Forestinventory

N/A N/A no no no no no no

Other fieldassessments

N/A N/A yes yes no yes yes no

Updatesto othersources

N/A N/A no no no no no no

Expertestimate

N/A N/A

Table 13b

Type of forest reporting used at national scale Check boxes that apply

1 Criteria and Indicators reporting no

2 Periodic national state of the forest report no

3 Other (please document) no

4 None yes

Other type of forest reporting

N/A

13.4 Comments

Category Comments

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A



71

14. What is the area of forest under a forest management plan and how is this monitored?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Forest area withmanagement plan

Forest area that has a long-term documented management plan, aiming at defined management goalswhich is periodically revised

...of which for production(sub-category)

Forest management plan mainly focused on production

...of which forconservation (sub-category)

Forest management plan mainly focused on conservation

Monitoring of forestmanagement plans

Government monitoring of forest management plan implementation conducted through field visits oraudits of forest management plan performance

14.2 National data

14.2.1 Data sources














14.3 DataTable 14a

Forest plan type Forest area 2010 (000 ha)

Forest area with management plan 0




72

... of which for production N/A

... of which for conservation N/A

Table 14b

Indicate which (if any) of the following are required in forest management plans in your country

1 Soil and water management yes

2 High conservation value forest delineation yes

3 Social considerations community involvement yes

Table 14c

Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitored annually 0

Tiers


Forest area with management plan Tier 3

Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitoredannually

Tier 3

Tier criteria


Forest area with management plan Tier 3 : Reports that describe national records 5 years old or lessthat contain long-term forest monitoring plans Tier 2 : Industryor other records indicating the presence of a long-term forestmanagement plan Tier 1 : Other

Percent of area under forest management plan that is monitoredannually

Tier 3 : Government documentation of monitoring extent Tier 2: Reports from forest managers or other documental sources Tier1 : Other

14.4 Comments

Category Comments

Forest area with management plan N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A



73

15. How are stakeholders involved in the management decision making for publiclyowned forests?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Stakeholder involvement Stakeholder involvement is defined as significant inputs into at least one aspect of forest management atthe operational scale

Table 15

Please indicate the type of stakeholder involvement in forest management decision making required in your country

1. Planning phase no

2. Operations phase no

3. Review of operations no

Tiers


Type of stakeholder inputs Tier 3

Tier criteria


Type of stakeholder inputs Tier 3 : Government (national or sub-national) documentation ofstakeholder inputs Tier 2 : Government (national or subnational)requirement but stakeholder inputs not documented Tier 1 :Other

15.2 Comments

Category Comments

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A





74

16. What is the area of forest under an independently verified forest certification scheme?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

FSC certification Forest area certified under the Forest Stewardship Council certification scheme

PEFC certification Forest area certified under the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification scheme

Other international forestmanagement certification

Forest area certified under an international forest management certification scheme with publishedstandards and is independently verified by a third-party, excluding FSC and PEFC certification.

Certified forest areausing a domestic forestmanagement certificationscheme

Area certified under a forest management certification scheme with published standards that arenationally recognized and independently verified by a thirdparty

16.2 DataTable 16a

Forest area (000 ha)International forest

management certification2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

FSC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PEFC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

FSC 0 0 0 0 0 0

PEFC 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 16b

Forest area (000 ha)Domestic forest

management certification2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0




75

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

Tier criteria


International forest management certification Tier 3: International forest management scheme recordsmaintained by the certifying organization for the reporting yearTier 2: International forest management scheme records reportedby the certifying organization for a period 2 years prior to thereporting year Tier: 1 Other

Domestic forest management certification Tier 3: National registry reports for domestic forest managementcertification maintained by the certifying organization for thereporting year Tier 2: Domestic forest management schemerecords reported by the certifying organization for a period 2years prior to the reporting year Tier: 1 Other

Tiers


International forest management certification Tier 3

Domestic forest management certification Tier 3

16.3 Comments


Certified forest area using an international forest managementcertification scheme

N/A

Domestic forest management certification N/A



76

17. How much money do governments collect from and spend on forests?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Forest revenue All government revenue collected from the domestic production and trade of forest products andservices. For this purpose revenue include:• Goods : roundwood; sawnwood; biomass; woodbased panels; pulp and paper and non-wood forest

products.• Services : including concession fees and royalties, stumpage payments, public timber sales revenue

taxes and charges based on forest area or yield, taxes on domestic trade and export of forest products,special levies on forestry activities and payments into forest related funds, other miscellaneousinspection, licence and administrative fees levied by forest administrations, permit and licence feesfor recreation and other forest related activities.

Public expenditure onforestry

All government expenditure on forest related activities.

17.2 National data

17.2.1 Data sources




5 2006 N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A

17.3 DataTable 17

Revenues / expenditures (000 local currency)Category

2000 2005 2010

Forest revenue 44569223 5789281 N/A

Public expenditure on forestry 1364496 4114936 N/A

2000 2005 2010

Name of Local Currency Riel Riel N/A




77

17.4 Comments


Forest revenue N/A

Public expenditure on forestry N/A

Other general comments N/A



78

18. Who owns and manages the forests and how has this changed?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Public ownership Forest owned by the State or administrative units of the public administration or by institutions orcorporations owned by the public administration.

...of which owned by thestate at national scale(sub-category)

Forest owned by the State at the national scale or administrative units of the public administration or byinstitutions or corporations owned by the public administration.

...of which owned by thestate at the sub-nationalgovernment scale (sub-category)

Forest owned by the State at the sub-national government scale or administrative units of the publicadministration or by institutions or corporations owned by the public administration.

Private ownership Forest owned by individuals, families, communities, private cooperatives corporations and otherbusiness entities, private, religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs,nature conservation associations and other private institutions.

...of which individuals(sub-category)

Forest owned by individuals and families.

...of which privatebusiness entities andinstitutions (sub-category)

Forest owned by private corporations cooperatives companies and other business entities as well asprivate nonprofit organizations such as NGOs nature conservation associations, and private religiousand educational institutions etc.

...of which local tribal andindigenous communities(sub-category)

Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community residing within or in thevicinity of a forest area or forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people The communitymembers are coowners that share exclusive rights and duties and benefits contribute to the communitydevelopment.

Unknown ownership Forest area where ownership is unknown includes areas where ownership is unclear or disputed.

Categories related tomanagement rights

of public forestsDefinition

Public Administration The Public Administration (or institutions or corporations owned by the Public Administration) retainsmanagement rights and responsibilities within the limits specified by the legislation.

Individuals households Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration toindividuals or households through long-term leases or management agreements.

Private companies Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration tocorporations, other business entities private cooperatives, private nonprofit institutions and associations,etc., through long-term leases or management agreements.

Communities Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to localcommunities (including indigenous and tribal communities) through long-term leases or managementagreements.

Other form ofmanagement rights

Forests for which the transfer of management rights does not belong to any of the categories mentionedabove.

18.2 National data




79

18.2.1 Data sources




Forest Cover 2005 2005 Based on Remote Sensingand adequate ground truthing

2 Community ForestryStatistics in Cambodia

N/A 2005 N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A


There is lack of proper demarcation of Cambodia forest estate. According to the forestry law all forest landbelongs to the state. Community forestry is one categories of permanent forest reserve. The state shall recognizedand ensure their traditional use right for the purpose of traditional customs, belief, religions and living.

Community Forestry Statistics in Cambodia 2005

No Province/Citie Communities Area(ha)

1 Kampong Chhnang 31 14,889

2 Kampong Cham 18 6,997

3 Kratie 13 17,831

4 Stung Trang 15 22,150


80

5 Mondul Kiri 3 3,104

6 Kampot 5 1,993

7 Koh Kong 2 3,790

8 Battambang 13 2,664

9 Svay Rieng 2 525

10 Kampong Speu 7 4,366

11 Kampong Thom 50 40,915

12 Siem Reap 36 17,146

13 Pursat 46 5,116

14 Ratanak Kiri 6 14,599

15 Preah Vihear 3 7,274

16 Krong Pailin 7 2,250

17 Otdor Meanchey 5 9,893

18 Banteay Meanchey 1 3,019

19 Takeo 1 500

Total 264 179,021


18.3.1 Adjustment



18.4 DataTable 18a


81


1990 2000 2005 2010

Public ownership 12944 11546 10731 10094

... of which ownedby the state atnational scale

12944 11546 10731 10094

... of which ownedby the state atthe sub-nationalgovernment scale

0 0 0 0

Private ownership 0 0 0 0

... of which ownedby individuals

0 0 0 0

... of which ownedby private businessentities andinstitutions

0 0 0 0

... of which ownedby local, tribaland indigenouscommunities

0 0 0 0

Unknownownership

0 0 0 0

TOTAL 12944.00 11546.00 10731.00 10094.00

Tiers


Public ownership Tier 3 Tier 1

Private ownership Tier 3 Tier 1

Unknown ownership N/A N/A

Tier criteria


Ownership Tier 3: National forestry statistics registersof land titles or maps on land ownershipor all forest area under one ownershipcategory that is five years old or less. Tier2:National forestry statistics registers ofland titles or maps on land ownership orquestionnaires that are more than fiveyears old. Tier 1: Other


Table 18b - Holder of management rights of public forests


82


1990 2000 2005 2010

Public Administration N/A N/A N/A N/A

Individuals N/A N/A N/A N/A

Private companies N/A N/A N/A N/A

Communities N/A N/A 179 179

Other N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL .00 .00 179.00 179.00

Category Tier for reported trend Tier for status

Public Administration N/A N/A

Individuals N/A N/A

Private companies N/A N/A

Communities Tier 1 Tier 1

Other N/A N/A

18.5 Comments



Public ownership N/A N/A

Private ownership N/A N/A

Unknown ownership N/A N/A

Management rights N/A N/A


N/A


83

19. How many people are directly employed in forestry?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Full-time equivalents(FTE)

A measurement equal to one person working full-time during a specified reference period.

Employment in forestry Employment in activities related to production of goods derived from forests. This category correspondsto the ISIC/NACE Rev. 4 activity A02 (Forestry and logging).

19.2 National data

19.2.1 Data sources



1 KKH. 2002. Cambodia:Forestry Statistics to 2002

2002 N/A N/A

2 KKH. 2006. Cambodia:Forestry Statistics to 2006

2006 N/A N/A

3 KKH. 2004. Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry andFisheries (www.maff.gov.kh)

2004 N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A



N/A There is no information on national classification and definitionsrelating to this table.

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A


A. Employees in Forestry Administration




84

Number of Employees in Department of Forest andWildlife

Number of Employees in ForestryAdministration

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

696 722 748 752 745 858 841 1,748 1,722 1,667 1,606 1,600

The number of employees (993) in Provincial Forest Offices is only available for 2002.

B. Employees in General Department of Rubber

Primary employment in rubber production

Year Production Employee Service Employee Total

1996 17,220 471 17,691

1997 17,389 413 17,802

1998 16,588 354 16,942

1999 14,949 231 15,180

2000 14,823 226 15,049

2001 14,816 301 15,117

2002 14,422 299 14,721

2003 13,945 509 14,454

Estimation and forecasting

It is assumed that

1. number of employees in provincial forest offices in 1990 and 2000 same as in 2002.

1. number of employees in department of forest and wildlife in 1990 same as in 1997.


85

1. number of employees looking after national parks etc. (conservation of biodiversity) is in proportion of the forest areasunder conservation of biodiversity (Table 3) and it is roughly 25%. Further that this number represents employmentthrough services.

1. number of employees in production and service relating to rubber production is counted against production. The numberin 1990 is same as in 1996 and the number in 2005 is same as in 2003.

1990 2000 2005 estimation andforecasting

FA 696 752 301 (b)

Provincial 993 993 1,421 (a)

FA + Provincial 1,689 1,745 1,722 (a) + (b)

of whichProtected area

422 436 431 (c)=(a+b)*0.25

of which others 1,267 1,309 1,292 (a)+ (b)–(c)

Rubber 17,691 15,049 14,454 (d)

PrimaryProduction ofGoods

18,958 16,358 15,746 (a)+ (b)–(c) +(d)

19.3 DataTable 19

Employment (000 years FTE)Category

1990 2000 2005 2010

Employment inforestry

18.96 16.36 15.75 15.75

... of which female N/A N/A N/A N/A

19.4 Comments




86

Employment in forestry N/A N/A


N/A


87

20. What is the contribution of forestry to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?Documents for this question:



Category Definition

Gross value added fromforestry (at basic prices)

This category corresponds to the ISIC/NACE Rev. 4 activity A02 (Forestry and logging).

20.2 DataTable 20 (Pre-filled data from UNdata/EUROSTAT)

Category Million CurrencyYear for latest

available information

Gross value added fromforestry (at basic prices)

1370286.67 riel 2011

20.3 Comments

Category Comments

N/A N/A





88

21. What is forest area likely to be in the futureDocuments for this question:



Category Definition

Government target/aspiration for forest area

Government target/aspiration for forest area for a specific year.

Forests earmarked forconversion

Forest area that is allocated/classified or scheduled to be converted into non-forest uses.

21.2 National data

21.2.1 Data sources



1 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 N/A N/A N/A N/A

4 N/A N/A N/A N/A

21.3 DataTable 21a

Forest area (000 ha)Category

2020 2030

Government target/aspiration for forestarea

N/A N/A

Table 21b

Forest area (000 ha)Category

2013

Forests earmarked for conversion N/A

21.4 Comments

Category Comments

Government target/aspiration for forest area N/A




89

Forests earmarked for conversion N/A
