Neurophaty is a general term used to describe disease of nerve function and struktures. Neuropathies arise from many different etiologies (diabetic peripheral neurophaty, postherpetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, HIV neuropathy, and neuropathy of chronic renal failure) and can be painful or painless, they can affect the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system, or both simultaneously. They result from physical injury,inherited genetic disorders, infection, autoimmune disorders, and most often systemic disease. Neuropathies can affect solely one single nerve, which is termed a polineurophaty. Cranial nerves can also be involved, though less frequently.

Pain is considered a normal, adaptive, or physiologic response when it result from nociceptors ( pain reseptors ) having been activated by tissue disease or damage, called nociceptive pain. In contrast, neuropathic pain arises from spontaneous activity within the nervous system, or an aberrant response to “normal” sensory stimulation . neurophathic pain is very common in the outpatient setting and second only to musculoskeletal pain.

TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION

Neurophaty is a disturbance of function or phatologic change in a nerve. Mononeuropathy reflects changes in a single nerve. Mononeuropathy multiplex reflects changes in multiple single, discreet nerves. Polyneurophaty reflects changes in sensation in a diffuse , often bilateral, pattern that is not restricted to discreet nerves. Neuritis is a subtype of neuropathy reserved for an inflammatory process affecting the nerves. Neuropathy is not intended to apply to case of neurapraxia including a blow, stretch, or epileptic discharge. The term neurogenic is intended to refer to temporary perturbations.

EPIDEMIOLOGI

Neurophatic pain affects approximately 2% to 3 % of the general population. This condition result in subtansial physical and social disability.the estimed direct costs associated with the treatment of neurophatic pain in the united states were approximately 40 bilion . it affects the patient mood, activities of daily living, quality of life, and work performance. As a result, these conditions result in subtansial direct costs to the health care system but also indirect costs resulting from to the health care system for the associated problems that a result of the pain.

These patients generate health care costs that are three times higher than matched controls.