Brynn Cauffman, Spencer Cox, Taryn Crews, Michael Grizzle,
Hannah Ives, Tina Roren, Yesenia Saldivar
Slide 2
Slide 3
One of the most famous sites on the campus of Tianjin
University is a stone engraved with a copy of the very first
diploma. Next to the date on the diploma, 1900, the graduates name
is printed, along with the names of his father, grandfather, and
great- grandfather. The diploma speaks volumes about the strength
of family tradition in Chinese society. Like any individual in
Chinese society, the graduate exists primarily in the context of
his family. His achievements belong to them all.
Slide 4
Traditional Buddhist Temples Different images of the Buddha
Fierce-looking Warriors Rough-looking beards and mustaches, and the
carry large swords GLOBE study Have demonstrated, it is possible to
cluster countries into groups that are similar to one another in
terms of language, religion, and geographical closeness
Slide 5
The Family Altar No equivalent word for privacy Stress the
importance of the group rather than the individual The word I Has a
negative connotation
Slide 6
The specific aspects of the altar are: Roundness, symbolizing
the continuity and structural completeness of the family Harmony
within the family and the broader society Fluidity or the capacity
to change while maintaining solid traditions
Slide 7
The Chinese expatriate Faced discrimination and resentment in
Indonesia and Malaysia Indonesian Government Assumed control of
major Chinese companies valued in the billions In Malaysia Chinese
cannot be the CEO of a company seeking government contracts
Slide 8
Hong Kong 95% of whose citizens are Chinese, population of 7.1
million, and occupies only a small area of 412 square miles Due to
increased success of businesses executives were forced to build
vertical factories housed in tall buildings
Slide 9
The Altar Is the ties that bind a dispersed family and serves
as a focal point for viewing an extended family as including the
living, the dead, and those as yet unborn. Very helpful in
providing insight into the values, attitudes, and behaviors of the
Chinese today, wherever they may live.
Slide 10
Problems with roundness. Cant bear children Chinese Law
Premature death Inequality of Sexes Polygamy Chinese Business
Limited Growth Non-family members
Slide 11
Long-term perspective 10, 20, 100-year increments Confucian
Dynamic Long-term orientation Protestant ethic Louis Kraar System
of Bao-Jia Arranged by neighborhoods & districts Unit
Leaders
Slide 12
A person exists only in relation to others. Layers of Guanxi
People and ancestors People from the same village Members of the
family Family and close associates Contracts in Chinese Culture
Chinese and the use of banks
Slide 13
Spacemen Working with non-Chinese businessmen Guanxi
Limitations Developed slowly Excludes individuals who provide new
business opportunities At odds with the contract-based
business
Slide 14
Second Characteristic of the family altar The Japanese Garden
Harmonious Family Most common prayer Chinese belief in luck and
fate
Slide 15
Third characteristic of the family altar Capacity to change
while maintaining solid traditions. Reflects the Chinese
relation-orientation Innovative and Entrepreneurial Science and
Civilization in China Prayer to gods and goddesses
Slide 16
Roundness Han= the largest cultural group Harmony 400 ethnic
groups Fluidity Dynasties in Chinese history Endless cycle of
renewal and decline
Slide 17
Slide 18
Population of 4.3 million Population density of 6,729 (U.S- 32)
Very poor country 50 years ago however now is the leading banking
and finance center GDP of $24,840, 29 th in the world One of the
worlds most prosperous countries Worlds busiest port People usually
see Singapore as a very friendly country and have a positive
experience upon visiting
Slide 19
Venue with wide variety of traditional ethnic foods Each center
is a collection of at least 20 food stalls at the same location
Casual/ informal atmosphere Unique aspect of Singapores
culture
Slide 20
In the 1950s and 1960s the centers were operating under
unhygienic conditions Lack of piped water and cook stations
Government developed a plan to build designated areas for hawkers
Census in 1968 and 1969 registered 18,000 street hawkers Hawking
licenses eliminated illegal hawking
Slide 21
In 1970 government began to relocate street hawkers New centers
equipped with proper facilities for cooking and efficient drainage
systems By February 1986 all street hawkers were completely
relocated In 2000 there were 139 centers with 17,331 stalls In 2007
there were 113 centers with 6,000 cooked food stalls All centers
are licensed by the ENV
Slide 22
Modern Singapore began in 1819 when Sir Stamford Raffles
claimed the island In 1832 Singapore was established as the Straits
Settlement and became as separate British crown colony in 1867
During WWII the Japanese occupied the nation and renamed Syonan-to
(Light of the Island) In 1946 Singapore became a British crown
colony In 1963 Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo formed
Malaysia
Slide 23
In 1965 Singapore became an independent nation Singapore
initiated a massive industrialization project of economic
restructuring Confucian ideals employed by Chinese
Slide 24
Hawker Centers have Chinese, Malay, Peranakan, Indian and
international food Government encourages ethnic groups to
intermingle Stall holders have to work together and behave
responsibly
Slide 25
Nation before community and society before self Family as the
basic unit of society Community support and respect for the
individual Consensus, not confliction Racial and religions
harmony
Slide 26
Local term Kiasu-ness Singlish miss of English and common
Chinese phrases Military training contributes to cooperation among
different races Educational system also focuses on cooperation
among the different races
Slide 27
1 unspoken rule at a hawker center: be quick and efficient
Customers only have a few seconds to order their food Meaningless
conversation is left out Tendency of Singaporeans to make
conversation is to be short and efficient Singapore has advanced
technologies in finance and transportation systems
Slide 28
Public buses: light turn green for them during rush hours
Singaporeans deemphasize leisure due to their efficiency &
productivity Birth rate = 1.4 babies per woman Estimated 1/3 of
Singapore's population will be 60 or over by 2030 Social
Development Unit = a department created by the government
Encourages college graduates to marry Called single, desperate, and
ugly department
Slide 29
Number of men and women working at a hawker center have similar
positions with equally long hours Women frequently occupy the upper
hierarchy In comparison with other Asian countries, Singapores
views equality for women Women have become CEOs, ambassadors, and
leaders of major companies
Slide 30
Large number of rules compared to other countries Many youths
feel stymied because of the number of rules Fines for littering (1
st time offenders are fined 1,000 Singapore dollars) Death penalty
is standard for drug trafficking ranging from 15g of heroin to
1.2kg of opium No homeless people in Singapore
Slide 31
Internal Security Act (ISA) lets official detain people without
trial Prostitution in better sections of the city in Singapore The
government is paternalistic and in all- providing authority Hawker
centers are safe places and usually open 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week Low crime rate compared to neighboring nations
Slide 32
Hawker centers sell traditional Southeast Asian food as well,
as newer Western food All three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays, and
Indian) celebrate major festivals Government has decreed all such
ethnic celebrations are national holidays Educational system is
ditching rote learning and memorization techniques &
emphasizing more on math and science
Slide 33
Slide 34
2 nd largest country in the world Population of more than 1
billion (China is number 1) Colonized by Britain but became
independent in 1947 Member of the BRIC club (Brazil, Russia, India,
China) Life expectancy has increased from 32 to 65
Slide 35
This nation has the largest number of college educated
scientists and computer specialists in the world Indias limited
success is its dramatic increase in population without
corresponding growth in resources Religious diversity is a major
feature of India For 2,000 years India was almost completely
Hindu
Slide 36
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDidN cTEjtA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDidN cTEjtA 3 most important Gods
in Hindu are Brahma (the Creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), &
Shiva (the Destroyer) Dancing Shiva has been described as clearest
image of the activity of God which any art or religion can boast
of
Slide 37
When Shiva lapses into activity the cosmos become chaos and
destruction follows The Dance of Shiva represents both the
conception of world processes as a supreme beings pastime and in
the very nature of that blessed being The dance symbolizes the 5
main activities of the supreme being: creation and development;
preservation and support; change and destruction; shrouding,
symbolism, illusion, and giving rest; and release, salvation, and
grace
Slide 38
Basic Indian culture comes from the peoples Dravidian and Aryan
ethnic origins Dravidians came to India from the eastern
Mediterranean coast 3000 years before Christ About 1500 BC this
civilization fell into decline, and its people migrated to the
southern part of the Indians subcontinent At the same time the
Aryans arrived in India from Persia Todays population = 72% Aryan
origin, 25% Dravidian
Slide 39
Indias most populous cities (among the 40 largest in the world)
include: Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, and Bangalore India has
recovered from cycles of chaos again harmony time and time again
North and South India have different historical roots North has
been subjected to a series of foreign invasions so the North is
more of a mixed heritage
Slide 40
Began in north India in the early 13 th century until the
middle of the 19 th century Muslim rulers were harsh on Hindus
except the great Mughal emperor Akbar who married a Hindu princess
Fostered tolerance for all religions and had Hindus in high
positions and received Jesuit priests in his court There have been
forceful conversion of Hindus to Muslims These new Muslims were
turned into second class citizens
Slide 41
Confrontation between Muslims and Hindus have always been
incompatible religious systems and a mutual hatred between the two
still is around today The Muslim Mughal empire began to erode in
the 18 th century Independent regional kingdoms sprang up
everywhere until the British came in the 19 th century
Slide 42
Instituted direct rule over India in 1857 Many Indians think of
this event as the 1 st war of Independence The British garison at
Kanpur was slaughtered Early expressions of nationalism first
occurred in the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the All- India
Muslim League in 1906 Inspired by Gandhi the Indian National
Congress began a program of peaceful noncooperation with British
Rule Gandhi was killed right after India gained their independence
from Britain
Slide 43
Jawaharlal Nehru, head of Congress became the first prime
minister of India in 1947 His concepts were freedom, democracy,
socialism, world peace, and international cooperation Indira Gandhi
succeeded Nehru in office (is Nehrus daughter) Invoked the
emergency provisions of the constitution in 1975 and suspended
civil liberties
Slide 44
Rajiv Gandhi (Indiras son) became prime minister on her death
On Rajivs death the Congress party was swept back into power Rajivs
widow, Sonia Gandhi is now the president of the Congress party
Forbes magazine ranked her as the sixth most powerful woman in the
world in 2007
Slide 45
Philosophy overlaps religion Hinduism Bharata Varsha: Land of
actors Happiness through spiritual enlightenment Mukti (salvation)
and Moksha (Perception) Four paths; Bhakti yoga, Karma yoga, Jnana
yoga and Raja yoga
Slide 46
Jivas (souls) Personalized unconscious; Sattva (clarity,light)
Rajas ( passion, desire) Tamas (dullness, darkness) Hindu Astrology
Endless cycle of the soul through birth, life, death, and
reincarnation
Slide 47
Stage 1: Student Learn Stage 2: Householder Family Vocation
Community
Slide 48
Stage 3: Retirement True education White-bearded man Stage 4:
Sannyasin One who neither hates nor loves anything Mukti Reward or
punishment based on their accumulated good and bad deeds
Slide 49
Importance of Astrology Matching the horoscopes of a bride and
groom Concept of time is cyclical Religious images made of
permanent materials Practice religion at home
Slide 50
Slide 51
Extended family Weakened by migration to cities and towns
Preference for a son Putra: he who protects from going to hell
Dowry Against the law Bride burning and deaths of women
Masculinization of the Indian population Sex determination tests
Illegal
Slide 52
Love cannot be self-centered Children not considered sacred in
poorer parts of India Population of Children exceeds the population
of the United States Regulate birth rates The father is a feared
disciplinary figure Father-son relationship
Slide 53
History Ancient times Medieval times Rituals Sati Purdah
Slide 54
Modern India Independent women in rural areas 1979: Mother
Teresa wins the Nobel Peace Price 2007: Pratibha Patil first woman
President High rate of crimes against women Rising increase in
sexual harassment
Slide 55
Mans worth and recognition bound on the reputation of his
family The family contributes to decisions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyxY7k dwdpY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyxY7k dwdpY Arranged marriage
Divorce disgraceful (changing) Child marriage; hard on the girl
Against the law but still common
Slide 56
Shiva and Parvati Both genders part of the Indian society Just
as the Dance of Shiva, each member of the family fulfills a role
dictated by family tradition
Slide 57
Sense of duty (dharma) 3 categories of dharma: Universal
principles of harmony (sanatana dharma) Relative ethical systems
varying by social class (varnashrama dharma) Personal moral conduct
(svadharma) For the protection of the good, for the destruction of
the evil, for the firm establishment of the national righteousness,
I am born again and again.
Slide 58
Oldest source of ethical ideas Composite poem following rivalry
between 2 families Illustrates the illusory nature of the world
Repository of Hindu beliefs and customs Based on the assumption
dharma is paramount in society Bhagavad-Gita (Song of the Blessed
One)
Slide 59
It was my duty.
Slide 60
Originates in the nonadherence to dharma by those in positions
of power 3 actors: 2 contestants, peacemaker Peacemaker is victor
because they restore harmony
Slide 61
Sole repositories of virtues and vices of institution Social
reform movements remove individuals holding positions of authority
Same social issues from Mughal and British Indian empires still
exist Institutions on which society was founded no longer work
Slide 62
Violence within a harmonious society Character is rooted in
depths of the mind rather than heat of action Worldly acts are part
of illusion of life and have no moral significance
Slide 63
Avoid good and evil, prefer knowledge and ignorance Destructive
acts by ignorant people are not sins Destructive acts by
knowledgeable people are held against them in their search for
enlightenment
Slide 64
Holy water Washes away a persons sins Required of Hindus at
least once in life Government attempts to clean polluted waters
have not been effective Dance of Shiva: death among life,
decomposition next to creation, pollution mixed with purity
Slide 65
Officially outlawed, still exists Natural law (soul is born
into appropriate caste) Honors and duties given to each class
Higher classes profit at the expense of those lower down
Slide 66
Brahmans: priests, teachers, intellectuals Kshatriyas:
warriors, police, administrators Vaishyas: skilled craftspeople,
farmers Shudras: artisans, workers Dalits (Untouchables): work that
is considered socially undesirable and unclean, lie outside normal
society
Slide 67
Subcastes Friendships within jati are closer and less formal A
person's name gives information about jati and what region of the
country their family is from Internalized jati norms define correct
actions for individuals
Slide 68
All interests within caste regarded as identical Equality of
opportunity for everyone within caste Allowed to develop experience
and skills needed to succeed Self-governing castes Crimes committee
by upper castes punished more severely Dance of Shiva: preservation
of order interspaced with disorder
Slide 69
Symbol of human injustice Ostracized from rest of society
Proximity to contaminating factor constitutes a permanent pollution
Collective and hereditary Irrevocably unclean
Slide 70
Government, and supposedly nation, committed to social equality
Gandhi Harijan : children of God Caste system is illegal 22.5% of
government jobs reserved for untouchables Deep rooted prejudices
are not easily eliminated
Slide 71
Violence against Dalits who fall in love with members of upper
castes Intercaste marriages still evoke ferocious responses Upper
castes protest accommodation through affirmative action 1990: upper
caste students burned themselves to death in protest
Slide 72
Harijan beginning to assert democratic rights through organized
political activity Power becoming ascendant over status 2008:
Mayawati (Dalit leader) elected chief minister of Uttar Pradesh
Education acts as solvent to castes Government payouts to those who
marry members of lower castes
Slide 73
Elders have more authority than youth Men have greater
authority than women Maternal nurturing on part of superior Filial
respect and compliance on part of subordinate Social behavior
extends into workplace Changing social norms are consistent with
the evolutionary aspect of the Dance of Shiva
Slide 74
Enables, prepares, and progresses individuals through the cycle
of life Originally described as duty without concern for material
outcomes Put aside caste prejudices in workplace, but return to
social norms at home Reverse discrimination Dance of Shiva: order
within disorder
Slide 75
Family, relative, castes, language, religion Very informal and
friendly within groups Interfere with formally designated work
hierarchy
Slide 76
Uncertainty avoidance Nearly tied with US, Germany is much
higher Consistent with Hindu philosophy of life as an illusion
Power distance India has high power distance, US and Germany have
low power distance Individualism India very collectivist, US and
Germany are more individualistic Masculinity
Slide 77
Honoring family leads to nepotism, dishonesty, and corruption
Guilt and anxiety are aroused only when actions go against primacy
of relations No concern for foreign standards of ethics
Slide 78
Viewed as order giver Similar to attitude in Germany US
perceives managers as problem solvers and facilitators View
inclusive managers as incompetent
Slide 79
Bollywood is largest producer of films in the world 800 movies
a year protector from reality, concealer of truth, restorer of
tranquility, enemy of fear and sadness, and cleanser of the soul
Influencers ideas of the good life, social values, family, and
romantic relationships
Slide 80
Foreign civilizations are influencing India, but spiritual
nutrient of Hindu philosophy is still present India continues its
journey toward salvations from worldly concerns Hindu philosophy is
key to understand how a nation of such diversity manages to bear
its burdens while its people remain filled with peace