BRIDGES

Alejandra Humpierres 10-10362Mariam Mayorca 10-10437

Beam bridge.

CONTENT Concept. History. Types. Structure. Efficiency. Other Functions. Cantiveler

bridge.

INTRODUCTIONWhat comes to your mind when you think about bridges?

Arch bridge.

CONCEPTA bridge is a structure built to cross over

physical obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed, the material used to make it and the funds available to build it.

Tied arch bridges.

HISTORY The first bridges were made by nature itself. The first bridges made by humans were spans of cut

wooden logs or planks and eventually stones, using a simple support arrangement.

One of the oldest arch bridges is the The Arkadiko Bridge.

The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.

In the 4th century the use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India.

The oldest surviving stone bridge in China is the Zhaozhou Bridge.

European segmental arch bridges date back to at least the Alconétar Bridge.

Rope bridges, a simple type of suspension bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in South America, just prior to European colonization in the 16th century.

A major breakthrough in bridge technology came with the erection of the Iron Bridge in Coalbrookdale, England in 1779.

With the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, truss systems of wrought iron were developed for larger bridges.

With the advent of steel, which has a high tensile strength, much larger bridges were built.

In 1927 welding pioneer Stefan Bryła designed the first welded road bridge in the world.

TYPES

Beam bridges: Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end by abutments.

Cantilever bridges: Cantilever bridges are built using horizontal beams supported on only one end.

Arch bridges: Arch bridges have abutments at each end.

Tied arch bridges: Tied arch bridges have an arch-shaped superstructure, but differ from conventional arch bridges.

Suspension bridges: Suspension bridges are suspended from cables.

Cable-stayed bridges: Cable-stayed bridges, like suspension bridges, are held up by cables. However, in a cable-stayed bridge, less cable is required and the towers holding the cables are proportionately shorter.

Movable bridges: Movable bridges are designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic.

Double-decked bridges: Double-decked or double-decker bridges have two levels.

STRUCTUREBridges may be classified by how the

forces of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear are distributed through their structure.

Suspension bridge.

EFFICIENCY A bridge's structural efficiency is the relation of

weight carried to bridge mass. A bridge's economic efficiency will be site and traffic

dependent, the relation of savings by having a bridge (instead of, for example, a ferry, or a longer road route) compared to its cost.

Cable-stayed bridges.

OTHER FUNCTIONS Some bridges accommodate other purposes, such as

the tower of Nový Most bridge in Bratislava, which features a restaurant. Other suspension bridge towers carry transmission antennas.

A bridge can carry overhead power lines as does the Storstrom Bridge.

Movable bridge.

CONCLUSIONBridges have been build for a very long time.

Many types of bridges exist and a different type is used for every situation. For their construction, location, materials and weight most be considered. Bridges are very important architectural constructions because they have the power to bring places closer and communication easier.

Double-decked bridge.

TOP 10 MOST AMAZING

BRIDGES OF THE WORLD.

1. BANPO BRIDGE (SOUTH KOREA): THE FOUNTAIN BRIDGE

2. MILLAU VIADUCT (FRANCE): WORLD’S HIGHEST BRIDGE

3. HENDERSON WAVES (SINGAPORE): MOST BEAUTIFUL PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

4. HANGZHOU BAY BRIDGE (CHINA): THE WORLD’S LONGEST CROSS-SEA BRIDGE

5. ROLLING BRIDGE (UNITED KINGDOM): THE BRIDGE THAT CAN ROLL ITSELF

6. OLIVEIRA BRIDGE (BRAZIL): THE FIRST X-SHAPED WIRE BRIDGE IN THE WORLD

7. WIND AND RAIN BRIDGE (CHINA): THE DONG BRIDGE

8. TOWER BRIDGE (UNITED KINGDOM): MOST FAMOUS AND MOST BEAUTIFUL VICTORIAN BRIDGE

9. MAGDEBURG WATER BRIDGE (GERMANY): LARGEST WATER BRIDGE IN EUROPE

10. PONTE VECCHIO (ITALY): OLDEST AND FAMOUS BRIDGE