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Nutrition Heterotrophic eukaryote
Absorptive mode of nutrition: hydrolyticenzymes
Saprobic fungi- feed on dead/ non-livingorganisms
Parasitic fungi- feed on nutrients from livinghosts
Mutualistic fungi- food from other organismsbut reciprocate with functionsbeneficial toothers
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Form Unicellular: yeast Filamentous: molds Complex multicellular: mushrooms
Structure Cell wall: chitin Hyphae (filaments): can beseptate hyphae or
coenocytic hyphae Mycelium (network ofseveral hyphae) Haustoria (nutrient absorbing hyphal tips that
penetrate tissue of hosts)
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Reproduction
Asexual: binary fission/ budding as in yeast
Sexual: spore formation Syngamy: sexual union of 2 cells from different
individual ; with 2 stages: plasmogamy andkaryogamy
Haplontic life cycle: adult: haploid
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DIVISION CLASS REPRESENTATIVE
Chytridiomycota Chytridiomycetes Nowakoskiella
Allomyces
Zygomycota Zygomycetes Rhizopus stolonifer
Ascomycota Ascomycetes Saccharomyces
Xylaria
Cookeina
Deuteromycetes Aspergillus
Penicillium
TrichodermaBasidiomycota Basidiomycetes Volvariella
Ganoderma
Auricularia
Puccinia
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The chytrids are the most primitive of the
fungi and are mostly saprobic (degrading
chitin and keratin).
Many chytrids are aquatic (mostly found infresh water).
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Allomyces
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Terrestrial, thrive on soil with decaying
plant and animal materials
Hyphae: coenocytic; reproductivestructure: septated
Asexual reproduction: spores
(sporangium and sporangiophore) Sexual reproduction: zygospores
Rhizopus stolonifer(black bread mold)
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Hyphae/ mycelium: septated
Sexual reproduction: ascospores(ascocarp)
Asexual reproduction: conidia
(conidiophore)
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Ascomycetes- with a
known sexual mode of
reproduction
ascospores
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Deuteromycetes
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Also known as the club fungi Ecological importance: decomposition of
plant litter Asexual reproduction: basidiospores (n)
Outside the club-shaped spore producing:basidia within thebasidiocarp
Complex fungi: jelly fungus (Auricularia),pore fungus (Dictyophora, Fomes), gillfungus (Polyporus), puff ball fungi(Lycoperdon, Calvatia)
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basidiospore
basidia
Cap/ pileus
Annulus/
ring
gill
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Puccinia wheat rust
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Mycorrhizae
Fungus roots
Mutualistic relationship between soil fungiand roots of most plants
Plantswith mycorrhizae growmoresuccessfully in poor soils the relationshiphelps plants to acquire more mineralnutrients, in turn, the fungi get somecarbohydrates
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SYMBIOTIC relationship between a fungi
and an algae(cyanobacteria) or green
alga Efficient in acquiring nutrientseven at
low moisture or low temperature; also
good in abrorbing pollutants, andtherefore cannot survive polluted areas---
bio-indicator of pollution
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FOLIOSE LICHENS- leaf-like
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FRUTICOSE LICHENS- shrub-like
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CRUSTOSE LICHENS- flaky or crust-like
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Life:The Science of Biology 7th Edition
end