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Phylogeny of PlantsandRelated Organisms
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SYSTEMATICS Scientific study of the kinds
and diversity of organismsand any relationship among
them
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SYSTEMATICSDeals and encompassestraditional TAXONOMY
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TAXONOMYIs the:
Description
Identification
Classification, and;
Nomenclature of organisms
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Recall: bio3
Category vs. TaxaKingdom: Plantae
Division: MagnoliophytaClass: Magnoliopsida
The ordering of taxa provides a system of
cataloguing and expressing relationshipsbetween entities.
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Phenetic Classification Based on overall similarities
between and among taxa
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The more features two taxa
share, the more likely theywill be put in the same
group.
Phenetic Classification
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Groupings are based on their
chemical, morphological,anatomical, physiological, andecological
characteristics
Phenetic Classification
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Phylogenetic Classification Based on evolutionary history
or pattern of descent, whichmay or may not correspond to
overall similarity.
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Most widely used form of
phylogenetic analysis:CLADISTICS
Represented by a CLADOGRAM
(phylogenetic tree)
Phylogenetic Classification
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Cladograms
A branching diagram that
conceptually shows the evolutionary
pattern of descent.
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Cladograms
Have implied time scales
The lines represent lineages orclades, which denote descent.
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The branching shows lineage
divergence, changes in evolution
through time
a change from thepre-existing (ancestral) trait to anew derived
character
(apomorphy)
Cladograms
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Monophyletic groups Consisting of a
commonancestor plus
all
descendants.
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Paraphyletic groups Consisting of a
common ancestorbut not all the
descendants ofthat common
ancestor.
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Polyphyletic groups Two or more
separategroups, each
with separate
commonancestor
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End.
