Fungi

FUNGI

• We have already learned about Bacteria, Viruses, and Protists

• Now it’s time to study FungiMICROBES:1. Viruses2. Bacteria3. Protists4. Fungi

FUNGI

• The plural of fungus is fungi

• Fungi = EUKARYOTES

• Fungi have CELL WALLS

• Fungi = HETEROTROPHS

• Fungi use SPORES to reproduce

• They live in moist, warm places.

FUNGI

THE 3 GROUPS OF FUNGI:

1. Sac Fungi

2. Club Fungi

3. Zygote Fungi

See Figure 18 Pg 481 for more info

FUNGI

• Hyphae are found in multi-cellular fungi.

• They are the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multi-cellular fungi.

• Hyphae can look very different from fungus to fungus.

• They are used for obtaining food.

FUNGI

• Mushrooms are fungi.

• What you see are the Hyphae.

• On the Cap the Hyphae are really close together.

• Underground the Hyphae are spaced out more.

FUNGUS

Here’s an orange with fungus growing on it.

HYPHAE

1. The Hyphae grow into the orange.

2. Digestive chemicals ooze into the orange.

3. Once the pieces are small, the Hyphae absorb the food.

FUNGI

• Fungi can reproduce SEXUALLY or ASEXUALLY depending upon whether conditions are good or bad.

ASEXUAL1. produce Spores2. undergo Budding

SEXUAL1. Hyphae join and

share DNA (like conjugation)

REPRODUTION for Multi-cellular Fungi (GOOD CONDITIONS)

• SPORES = lightweight, tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism.

• They can be carried by the air or water.• Fungi produce MILLIONS of spores.• Most do not survive, others grow into the type of

fungus that created them.• When conditions are GOOD, MULTI-CELLULAR

fungi produce spores.• This is ASEXUAL reproduction, because the

spores will grow into fungi that are identical to the parents.

FUNGI

• FRUITING BODIES = Reproductive structures that produce spores.

• They look different from one type of fungus to the next.

REPRODUTION for Unicellular Fungi (GOOD CONDITIONS)

• BUDDING = the process where a small cell grows from the body of a parent cell.

• The new cell then breaks off from the parent and lives on its own.

• This is ASEXUAL reproduction, because the new fungus is identical to the parent fungus.

BUDDING

FUNGI

• During bad conditions, most fungi can reproduce sexually by sharing their DNA. The process is kind of like CONJUGATION.

1. The Hyphae grow together.2. DNA is exchanged.3. Spores are produced.4. Spores develop into fungi that are

DIFFERENT than the parents.

FUNGI

• A LICHEN = a fungi and either algae or an autotrophic bacterium that live together in a mutualistic relationship.

• Lichens are used to study air pollution because they are very sensitive.

LICHEN

FUNGI

HOW FUNGI REPRODUCE:

1. Produce Spores (Asexual, Multi-cellular, Good Conditions)

2. By Budding (Asexual, Unicellular, Good Conditions)

3. Hyphae grow together and share DNA (Sexual, Multi-cellular, Bad Conditions)

Living or

Non-Living

Living

Structure • They have cell walls.• Cells are arranged in Hyphae.

Different Types

of Fungi

• Club Fungi• Sac Fungi• Zygote Fungi

How they

Reproduce

• Spores (multi-cellular) – Asexual • Budding (unicellular) – Asexual • Hyphae join together – Sexual

Size of Fungi • Microscopic to bigger than 1000 football fields. They can be unicellular or multi-cellular.

Good things Fungi do

• Decompose dead organisms.

• Recycle living organisms into nutrients for the soil.

• For making food (bread, cheese, mushrooms)

• Make medicine (penicillin)

• Helps plants grow larger and healthier.

Bad things Fungi do• Eat living organisms.

• Cause disease in organisms