NESUG '90.

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BOSTON

NESUG '90 NorthEast SAS Users Group

Third Annual Conference

Boston, Massachusetts November 11-13, 1990

NESUG '90

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B 0 S T 0 N

Proceedings of the

Third Annual NorthEast SAS Users Group Conference

Boston, Massachusetts November 11-13, 1990

Conference Co-Chairs:

Alan Dickson, Paul Revere Insurance Group Mike Murphy, John Hancock Mutual Life

NorthEast SAS®users Group Proceedings

SAS Institute prints these Proceedings as a record of the NorthEast SAS Users Group (NESUG) Conference. Neither SAS Institute nor NESUG can take responsibility for the accuracy or the. originality of this material.

The SAS®System is an integrated system of software providing complete control over data access, management, analysis, and presentation. Base SAS software is the iundation of the SAS System. Products within the SAS System Include SAS/ACCESS~ SAS/AF , SAS/ASSIST® SAS/CPE®, SAS/DMI®, SAS/ETS®, SAS/FSP®, SAS/GRAPH~ SAS/IML ~ SAS/IMS-DL/1~ SAS/OR~ SAS/OC~ SAS/REPLAY-CICS~ SAS/SHARE~ SAS/STAT~ SAS/CONNECT": SAS/DB2": SAS/SOL-DS,., and SAS/TOOLKIT,.software.

Other SAS Institute products are SYSTEM 2000 ®Data Management Software, with basic SYSTEM 2000, CREATE .. , Multi-User .. , QueX": Screen Writer .. , and CICS interface software; NeoVisuals® software; JMP~ JMP IN~ and JMP Serve"'software; SAS/RTERM software®; and the SAS/C® Compiler. MultiVendor Architecture"' and MVA"' are trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. SAS Communications®, SAS Training®, SAS Views~ and the SASware Ballot® are published by SAS Institute Inc.

A footnote must accompany the first use of each registered trademark or trademark and must state that the referenced trademark is used to identify products or services of SAS Institute Inc.

NorthEast SAS ®Users Group Proceedings of the Third Annual Region~ Conference Copyright© 1990 by the NorthEast SAS Users Group. Printed in USA.

Table of Contents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Advanced Tutorials

Judith H. Mopsik and Jeff Phillips Advanced Input Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

John W. Davison, Jr. Application Development in SAS I FS~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Robert Virgile How MERGE Really Works . ....................... 17

Ray Pass, Ph.D. PROC REPORT: An Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Mike Zdeb and Pat Rooh~ Enhancing SAS I GRAPir Output · ANNOTATE, Metagraphics, NOTES .

Michael C. Hein

. ........... 28

Say It With Math: Streamline and Modularize Your SAs® Data Step Code with Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Veronica Fasullo and.J{ita Garrido Humanizing the SASJY Interface .

Frederick Pratter

. •.. 40

Ragged Matrices, Real-Time Arrays and Other Novel Concepts. . ... 45

Edith Flaster Regression Analysis In The Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Jean Hardy Efficient sAs® Software Programming: A New Synthesis . . . . . . . 59

Earl~. Westerlund SASJY Macro Language Features for Application Development . . . . . 67

Iii

NESUG '90 Proceedings

lv Table of Contents

Beginning Tutorials

Robert Virgi.le Basics of the INPUT Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Marge Scerbo and Steven Feder An Introduction to FSEDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Igor Choodnovskiy The Many Faces of Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Neil Howard An Introduction to SAS I GRAP:n.® Software For New or Nervous Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

James A. Sannerud Mastering the Invaluable PROC TABULATE . . . . 96 Howard Levine Getting Started with SAS I~ 101

Dr. Ronald Cody Working With Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Wend ell F. Refior Understanding PROC UNN ARIATE Statistics . 116

Neil Howard Efficiency Techniques for Improving II 0 and Processing Time in the Data Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Gary L. Katsanis An Introduction to the SAs® Macro Language . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Computer Performance Evaluation

John Carroll Preparing Capacity Plans Destined for Upper Management . . . . . 139

Craig Andree A Management Information System Using SAs® at the Bureau of Computer Services Data Center . . . . . . . . . . 142

Don.Wd R. Deese and John D. Ebner SA.SJ9 Software Performance In the Personal Computer Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

NESUG '90 Proceedings

Table of Contents v

Michael A. Raithel Buffering The SA~ System VSAM Performance Headaches . . . . . 154

Jeff Denton Building a Case for Alternative Storage Devices and Modeling their Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Education and Support

L. Jean Ussery Presentation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bruce Gilsen aqd. Bert Shankman Improving SA~ System Support at a Large Site . . . . . . . . . . .

Wendy London Teaching the SAs® Programming Language to Programmers and Non-programmers

Roger L. Crouse Solving Business Needs as a Team . . .

Robert A. Butler An Introduction to SASID Consulting From a Business Perspective . .

Host Operating Systems

Sally Pai_pter The SAs-:' System under UNIX® Operating Systems and Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sarah D11rden ® The SAs-:' System under OS/2 .....

John Vizard

165

177

182

189

196

203

206

DCL Standards for SAs® Applications Running on VMS® Host Computers . . . . . . . . . 210

Hallett German The Grand Alliance: Using TSO IE CLIST and REXX Command Languages in the SAs® Program Development Cycle . 216

Han-li Lee Using REXX to Build a Front-end User Interface . . . . . . . . . 220

NESUG '90 Proceedings

vi Table of Contents

Manufacturing Industry Applications

Gregg A. Spindler and Kalman J. Gyimesi Using Statistical VisUctlization as a Tool in Continuous Process Improvement 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • 0 • • • 225

Melissa A. Durfee Developing a SAS I~ System for Statistical Process Control (SPCJ Applications . . . 0 0 0 0 230

Aiman M. Zeid PRIME System, a PC-SA~ Application Used as a Tool to Analyze and Improve Many Aspects of Work Performance 0 • 0 • • 236

Pharmaceuticals Industry Applications

Thomas R. Hoffman Handling Data Exclusions in a Clinical Trials DBMS A Complex Join Problem . . 0 o • • 0 • • o • o 0 • • 0 0 • • • • • • • 245 Brit Minor Taming the Lab Data Monster: Applying Data-Driven Programming Techniques to Clinical Laboratory Data. 0 •• 0 • • • 251

Jules Ji.osch A SA~ Software-based System for Tracking Clinical Study Case Record Forms Utilizing Bar Codes . . . . 0 0 • 255

Daniel M. Himmel Parsing a Compound Boolean Condition to Evaluate Its Clauses Individually and in Logical Groups . . . . 0 263 Maria K Wills Edit-checking: AS~ Based System for Logically Editing Patient Data Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Release 6.06 Enhancements

Robina G. Thornton and John Boling The Painless Path to Release 6.06 of the SA~ System . . . . . . . . 279

John Mcintyre Using SAS I ASSISr® Software to Develop End-User Customized Information Systems: The EIS Builder Facility . . . . . 288

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Table of Contents vii

Donald ~Hender~on, Merry~- Rabb, and Jeffrey A. Polzin The SA:::r Supervtsor - A Verston 6 Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

David S. Septoff Screen Control Language -An Invaluable Tool in Applications Development . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Merry G. Rabb Using PROC SQL In Data Management Applications . . . . . . . . 310

Statistics

Charlie Hallahan A Window-based Graphics Toolkit Using SAS I IML ® • 319

Jimmy Thomas Efird Sample Selection Using the RANUNI Function . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Cyrus R. Mehta Exact Nonparametric Inference: Theory, Applications and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Conference Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Keyword Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

NESUG '90 Proceedings

IX

Foreword

In many ways, the world around us is quite a different place from what it was when we met just over one year ago in Rockville MD at NESUG '89. On the positive side, the Berlin Wall came down and Release 6.06 of the SAS System came out. On the down side, violent weather patterns and the events in the Persian Gulf have made their impact felt around the globe. Nonetheless, the world is still here and still going strong.

Similarly, NESUG has had its ups and downs over the past year. The more significant of these are highlighted below. In some ways, NESUG has already achieved what it set out to do. SAS Institute's endorsement and support of regional groups and conferences, and their expanded presence and involvement across the country are ample evidence that we are doing something right. Yet, in other ways, there is much more that can be done. However, nothing happens by itself: it takes people like you to make it happen. So, if you see something that you feel strongly about having happen or that you can make happen, get involved. Let us know. NESUG is always looking for more than a few good people, but we sometimes miss one. Please make sure we don't.

All of the above notwithstanding, NESUG is still here and still going strong. That is considerably less of a given than the first paragraph, but with your help, we can keep improving.

We would like to take this opportunity to welcome no less than three newly active local user groups to NESUG this year. Albany NY, Baltimore MD and Philadelphia PA have all started meeting since Rockville. NESUG will gladly provide any of the help and support new groups need to get going.

As we worked to set up a site for this conference, it became abundantly clear that we had been exceptionally lucky in this regard for our first two events. Some of the facilities we talked to had bookings five to ten years out. It gave us a whole new appreciation for what it takes to put on a massive conference like SUGI. Accordingly, we have taken the necessary steps to ensure that we shall have a site for both 1991 and 1992 if public interest continues.

The NESUG electronic Bulletin Board Service (BBS) is a classic example of the mixed fortunes of this year. While we gained a Washington DC node, we have, at least temporarily, lost our original Boston node. After over two years of sterling service, Mike Keohan decided that it was time for him (and his PC system) to

NESUG '90 Proceedings

x Foreword

move on to other things. We'd like to thank Mike for his time and effort, one result of which is that we now have a thorough set of guidelines to help anyone else interested in setting up a node.

Our speaker-sharing program continues to be a popular activity. A number of local groups have taken advantage of this program whereby NESUG will help a group locate a top-notch speaker from another group and provide funds to defray the travel costs of that speaker's guest presentation. This can be a great way to get a new group off on the right foot, expand your topics list for the year or add an extra touch to some special-occasion meeting.

A NESUG newsletter was produced earlier this year which contained not only news items from the SAS world, but also a current Resource Listing of NESUG affiliated local user groups, their meeting schedules, contact persons, etc. We hope to continue to publish two or three issues per year.

While some informal referral and local-level consortium training has taken place this year, the activity of coordinating regional consortium training has yet to truly take off. All the necessary pieces seem to be in place or available: all it needs is someone to make it happen.

If any of you want to participate in NESUG by getting involved with training, working (and playing) on one of our BBS nodes, contributing a newsletter tip or article, or any other activity, please contact any member of the steering committee listed below.

These Proceedings are the official record of the Third Annual NESUG Regional Conference held from Sunday, November 11, 1990 through Tuesday, November 13, 1990 in the Boston Marriott Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Conference chairs are Alan Dickson of Paul Revere Insurance Companies, Worcester MA, and Mike Murphy of John Hancock Mutual Life, Boston MA.

Some of the features ofNESUG '90 include:

a Keynote Address, delivered by Richard Roach, Manager of the Mainframe Marketing Group at SAS Institute Inc., covering the here-and-now of Release 6.06, as well as a glimpse into the future of 6.07 and 6.08.

a get-together Opening Reception immediately after the Opening Session. A host of SAS users mixing and discussing their favorite software, the

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Foreword xi

state of the world, the weather, or just the unsavory habits of the conference chairs.

presentation of 52 papers in four or five concurrent sessions covering nine different categories. The papers range from tightly focused topics such as the Pharmaceuticals Industry or Computer Performance Evaluation, all the way to those which apply universally, such as the Tutorials or the implications of Release 6.06.

participation in the conference of 550 SAS users from throughout the Northeast and beyond. Who will be the furthest travelled attendee at this year's conference? Find out at the Closing Session.

Shuttle bus service from Logan airport to the hotel on Sunday afternoon, and from the hotel to Logan immediately after the Closing Session.

Roundtable luncheons in 15 topics on both Monday and Tuesday.

BOF Sessions (Birds-Of-a-Feather) held Monday evening.

several presentations which feature on-line demonstrations of the talk.

hardware platform demonstrations of the SAS System by Apple Computer, Digital Equipment Corporation, and mM Corporation.

SAS educational videos on display during the conference, allowing you to learn as well as evaluate them for your company's purchase.

SAS Institute representation by members of many Institute departments including Marketing, Education, Publications, Tech Support and Consulting Services.

training classes scheduled immediately following the conference to allow you to maximize the cost-effectiveness of your travel dollars.

the unofficial (but traditional) donation of the SAS manuals on display in the vendor area to NESUG after the conference. As is our custom, these will be given to a suitable educational or non-profit organization.

mystery prizes, issued for qualifications both distinguished and dubious.

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xii Foreword

This year's conference was brought to you through the efforts of the members of the NESUG steering committee. Their ideas, involvement and help were essential to the implementation and quality of the entire event. These people richly deserve your recognition for any and all enjoyable aspects of the conference: the chairs assume full responsibility for the rest. The NESUG steering committee includes: Hal German, GTE Laboratories, Waltham MA; Gary Katsanis, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester NY; Ray Pass, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York NY; Marge Scerbo, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD; David Septofl', SAS Consulting Services Inc., Rockville MD.

In an obvious sense, there would be no conference without the SAS Institute and its products, but their contribution goes much, much further than that. In addition to publishing these proceedings, they provided speakers, demos, materials, services and other infrastructure support. While all of this help is appreciated, two individuals stand out as being key to the success of this conference. Sally Roberson started to help organize NESUG '90 even before the Closing Session of NESUG '89, continued helping it to take shape at SUGI in Nashville, and made every effort to ensure that we were left in good hands when she took a leave of absence to pursue family commitments (congratulations on the twins, Sally !). Betty Fried provided those hands, as well as invaluable assistance at all stages before, during and after the conference. Anyone who thinks software vendor representatives all take a distant, ivory-tower approach would have to think again after seeing Betty deal with everything from speaker selection to electrical power ratings to card-stock thickness. Sally and Betty, from both of us to both of you, our deepest thanks.

Section Chairs play many roles in making a conference happen, from being "spies" when the search for papers and speakers is on, to "enforcers" when deadlines loom, to "mother hens" on the day, ensuring that people are in place, equipment works, timetables are maintained etc., etc. It often seems like a thankless task, but let us publicly express our gratitude here. We know what a difference the following people have made:

Gary Katsanis, Strong Memorial Hospital and Mike Zdeb, New York State Department of Health -Advanced Tutorials

Neil Howard, MCI Telecommunications and Ray Pass, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center- Beginning Tutorials

Craig Andree, Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Bruce Pancoast, Legent Corporation - Computer Performance Evaluation

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Foreword xlii

Craig Dickstein, Blue Cross/Blue Shield of New Hampshire and Marge Scerbo, University of Maryland at Baltimore- Education and Support

Frank Fry, Federal Reserve Board of Governors and Hallett German, GTE Laboratories -Host Operating Systems

Melissa Durfee, Wyman-Gordon Company - Manufacturing Industry Applications

Maria Wills, Fidia Pharmaceutical Corporation - Pharmaceuticals Industry Applications

David Septoff, SAS Consulting Services Inc.- Release 6.06 Enhancements

Tom Marx, MSSR Associates - Statistics

A special mention goes to Nancy Blood of MIB and Dana Rafiee of Destiny Corporation, who did such a great job conceptualizing and coordinating the Opening Session. Another big thank you from the co-chairs goes to Stacy Gill of MIB, who took on the huge job of orchestrating the Roundtable Discussions for us, and to Lowell Mercier of Private HealthCare Systems and Mike Davis ofBlue Cross/Blue Shield of Connecticut for their long hours of work at Conference Registration.

The facilitators at the Roundtables and the leaders of the scheduled Monday-night BOF sessions tend to have at least one thing in common: they all had other duties at the conference and were "volunteered" by us to assume these additional "honors". We really appreciate their graceful acceptance of our requests and we promise not to do it again (at least until next year). Whatever your level of involvement in these informal groups, we hope you all gained something worthwhile.

Our final thanks go out to all of the participants in NESUG '90. You are the reason we do all this. NESUG is a volunteer organization, run by you and for you. If each of you learns something, gets ideas or makes contacts that will help in your career, then this conference was a success. With your help, we can ensure that whatever NESUG leads us to in the future will also be a success. We hope to see you again at the next NESUG conference.

Alan Dickson & Mike Murphy

November, 1990

NESUG '90 Proceedings