Bor-3 - Well Architecture

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Well Architecture

and Construction

Edi B. Setyobudi2016


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Adams, N.J., 1985, “Drilling Engineering – AComplete Well Planning Approach” chapters 5,

6, 7, 9, 11, 12

Baker, R., 2001, “A Primer of Oilwell Drilling”chapters 10 & 12

Gatlin, C., 1960, “Petroleum Engineering –

Drilling and Well Completions” chapter 10 & 15

Mitchell, R.F., 2006, “Petroleum Engineering

Handbook Vol II – Drilling Engineering” –

chapters 5, 7 & 9


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Conductor

Keeps loose soil / sediments out of hole

Enable drilling fluid circulation and divertersystem

Usually driven into place

Surface Casing

Protects fresh water aquifersPrevents loss circulation into weak permeablezones

Supports the weight of all casing strings and aplace to set BOP

Intermediate Casing(s)

Separate normal, transition and over-pressurezones

Isolate zones that cause problems (heaving,sloughing shales)

Production Casing

Isolates pay zonesProtects production tubing


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Liner Tieback Liner

LinerCasing string that doesnot extend to surface

Hung onto

Intermediate Casing bymeans of Liner Hangers

Tieback Liner

A section of casingextending from topof liner to thesurface


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Pressure Temperature


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Bit size selection

should give enough

clearance forBottom Hole

Assembly (BHA) to

go through innerdiameter (ID) of the

casing and coupling


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PDCTCI Milled-Tooth

Roller-Cone

Roller-Cone Bit

Tungsteen

Carbide Insert(TCI)

Milled-Tooth

Poly-crystallineDiamond Compact

(PDC)


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Special bit for taking coreCombined with corebarrels (~30’) or doublebarrels (~60’) to take

longer core samples

A geologist laid downcore samples, oriented,marked and labeled


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Four (4) characters – 3 numeric and1 alphabetic

1. Series: 1 to 3 milled-tooth 4 to 8insert type where highernumbers for hard & abrasiverocks

2. Type: 1 to 4 – degree of

formation hardness3. Bearing Design & Gauge

Protection: 1 to 7

4. Additional Features: A to Z total16 features (a few characters

skipped)

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)Roller-Cone Bits

Four (4) characters – 1 alphabeticand 3 numerical

1. Material: S – steel, M – matrix,D - diamond

2. Formation Type: 1 to 8 – degreeof formation hardness

3. Drill Bit Structure: 1 to 4

4. Bit Profile: 1 to 4

Roller-Cone Bits PDC & Diamond Bits


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12-1/4”

8-1/2”

17-1/2”

Bit Size

13-3/8” – Surface Casing

20” – Conductor

9-5/8” – Intermediate Casing

5-1/2” – Production Casing

Structural casings are

cemented prior to further

operation


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Size: ranges 4.5” – 36” Outer Diameter (OD) Length: R1: 16’ – 25’, R2: 25’ – 34’, R3: > 34’

Grade: Examples: H-40, J-55, K-55, N-80, L-80, C-

90, C-95, P-110, Q-125The letter refers to the chemical composition of thematerial and the number refers to the minimum yieldstrength of the material e.g. N-80 casing has a minimumyield strength of 80,000 psi

Connections / joints:Short thread connection (STC)

Long thread connection (LTC)

Buttress thread connection (BTC)


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Depth(m)

HoleSize

Mud Weight(lbs/cft) / ppg

Casing Type / Grade Range (m)

150 26” 66 – 67 / 8.8 – 8.9 20” x 94 PPF x K-55 x BTC 0 - 150

1500 17-1/2” 66 – 67 / 8.8 – 8.9 13-3/8” x 68 PPF x N-80 x BTC 0 - 1500

3500 12-1/4” 67 – 70 / 8.9 – 9.36

9-5/8” x 47 PPF x P-110 x BTC 0 - 240

9-5/8” x 47 PPF x N-80 x BTC 240 - 2610

9-5/8” x 47 PPF x P-110 x BTC 2610 - 3500

4380 8-1/2” 70 – 81 / 9.36 – 10.83

5-1/2” x 20 PPF x P-110 x BTC 0 - 530

5-1/2” x 20 PPF x N-80 x BTC 530 - 4270

5-1/2” x 20 PPF x P-110 x BTC 4270 - 4380

Note: combination of different casing grades may be run to minimize costs


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Isolate gas, oil and water zones – prevent crossflow

Preventing blowouts by quickly

forming sealsSealing off lost circulation or problem

zones

Pipe support and protection:Protect casings from shock loads

Prevent corrosion caused by acid gases

Pressure control


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Formation Temperature:BHCT – Circulating Temperature - affects thickening time

BHST – Static Temperature

Differential – top and bottom cement placement

Formation PressuresPore Pressure

Fracture Pressure

Wellbore volume

Others:

Sloughing shales / swelling clays

Corrosive gas

Fracture zones


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Class Depth-ft NotesA 0 - 6000

B 0 - 6000 Moderate – high sulfate resistance

C 0 - 6000 High early-strength

D 6000 - 10000 High temperature and pressure

E 10000 - 14000 High temperature and pressure

F 10000 - 16000 Extremely high temperature and pressureG 0 - 8000 General purpose - fine

H 0 - 8000 General purpose - course

J 12000 - 16000 Extremely high pressure and temperature


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Used to change the properties of cement slurries

AcceleratorsShorten thickening time

RetardersDelay thickening time

Fluid Loss Additives

Friction Reducer

Defoamer


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Primary Cementing isoutmost importance since

remedial cementing is more

difficult and less chance of

success

After enough time for

Waiting On Cement (WOC)

– Pressure Tested

Cement Bond Log – a sonic

and density logs to

qualitatively identify poor

cementing zones


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After set & cemented

production casing:

Flush drilling mud

using completionfluid

Perforate target

zone(s)Set tubing and

packers

N/U X-mas Tree


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Casing Gun Through Tubing

Gun

Tubing Conveyed

Gun


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AcidizingCarbonate reservoirs – injecting acid (HCl) intoreservoir to create channels for fluid flow

Fracturing

Injecting fluid using high pressure pump to breakthe rock then insert proppant to retain the fracturesopen


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Bor-3 - Well Architecture